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Lesson1
ApumaatlargePumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.
Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered(adj.被困得走投無路的).Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.Severalpeoplecomplainedof'cat-likenoises'atnightandabusinessmanonafishingtripsawthepumaupatree.Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisonemusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.
美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大動物,產(chǎn)于美洲。當(dāng)倫敦動物園接到報告說,在倫敦以南45英里處發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美洲獅時,這些報告并沒有受到重視??墒牵S著證據(jù)越來越多,動物園的專家們感到有必要進(jìn)行一番調(diào)查,因為凡是聲稱見到過美洲獅的人們所描述的情況竟是出奇地相似。搜尋美洲獅的工作是從一座小村莊開始的。那里的一位婦女在采摘黑莓時的看見“一只大貓”,離她僅5碼遠(yuǎn),她剛看見它,它就立刻逃走了。專家證實,美洲獅非被逼得走投無路,是決不會傷人的。事實上搜尋工作很困難,因為常常是早晨在甲地發(fā)現(xiàn)那只美洲獅,晚上卻在20英里外的乙地發(fā)現(xiàn)它的蹤跡。無論它走哪兒,一路上總會留下一串死鹿及死兔子之類的小動物,在許多地方看見爪印,灌木叢中發(fā)現(xiàn)了粘在上面的美洲獅毛。有人抱怨說夜里聽見“像貓一樣的叫聲”;一位商人去釣魚,看見那只美洲獅在樹上。專家們?nèi)缃褚呀?jīng)完全肯定那只動物就是美洲獅,但它是從哪兒來的呢?由于全國動物園沒有一家報告丟了美洲獅,因此那只美洲獅一定是某位私人收藏豢養(yǎng)的,不知怎么設(shè)法逃出來了。搜尋工作進(jìn)行了好幾個星期,但始終未能逮住那只美洲獅。想到在寧靜的鄉(xiāng)村里有一頭危險的野獸繼續(xù)逍遙流竄,真puman.美洲獅spotv.看出,發(fā)現(xiàn)
=see,pick
out,recognize,catchsight
of強調(diào)結(jié)果,辨別出,看見,識別,發(fā)現(xiàn)--A
tall
man
is
easy
to
spot
in
the
crowd.--He
has
good
eye
for
spotting
mistakes.同意詞:--find:強調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果/find
out:查出事實真相--discover:做出重大發(fā)現(xiàn)/notice:注意到--observe:觀察/watch:觀察活動中的人或畫面Spotn.斑點--There
is
a
white
spot
on
the
shirt.on
the
spot有兩個含義:1>立刻,馬上(at
once,immediately)--Anyone
breaking
the
rules
will
be
asked
to
leave
on
the
spot.2>at
the
place
of
the
action在現(xiàn)場--Wherever
she
is
needed,she
is
quickly
on
the
spot.Evidencen.證據(jù)(不可數(shù)名詞)Evidentadj.明顯的,顯然的/evidentlyadv.明顯地,顯然Evidence=proof(n.證據(jù))--When
the
police
arrived,he
had
already
destroyed
the
evidence.in
evidence顯而易見的--He
was
in
evidence
at
the
party.Accumulatev.積累,積聚(強調(diào)積累的過程)--As
the
evidence
accumulates,experts
from
the
zoo
felt
obliged
to
investigate.Gathervt.聚集,把某人召集在某處--TheteachergatheredhisstudentsintheclassCollectvt.搜集,采集--Doyoucollectstamps?Yes,Icollectstampsasmyhobby.(n.業(yè)余愛好)Assemblev.集合,集會/裝配--Alargenumberofpeopleassembleonthesquare.Hoardvt.大量的儲存(--hoard
up=store
up儲藏)--The
squirrel
hoards
up
nuts
for
the
cold
winter(squirreln.松鼠)(nutn.堅果)amassvt.積聚(主要用于詩歌和文學(xué)作品)--ThecloudsamassedabovethehillsObligev.使…感到必須feel
obliged
to
do
sth感覺有必要做某事--Ifeelobligedtosaynotohisdemand(n.要求,需要)be
obliged
to
do
sth被迫做某事--Theywereobligedtoselltheircartopaytheirdebtsoff.(debtn.債務(wù))huntv.n.追獵,尋找(hunt
for)--TheexpertsfromLondonzoobegantohunt(v.)forapuma.--Thehunt(n.)forthepumaprovedthedifficult.(provevt.證明,證實)search搜尋某處為了尋找到某人或某物--Thepoliceweresearchingtheforestforthemissingboy.run
after強調(diào)追趕,追求--look,adogisrunningafteracat--whatareyourunafterinyourlifeseek=pursue
v.追尋(理想)chasev.追趕(--Theyarechasingathief/Theyarerunningafterathief)blackberryn.黑莓/berryn.漿果human
being人類cornerv.使走投無路,使陷入困境作為動詞,經(jīng)常使用被動語態(tài)--The
thief
was
cornered
at
last--The
problem
cornered
me.cornern.角落--at
the
corner
of
the
street--in
the
corner
of
the
room--on
the
corner
of
the
deskTrailn.一串,一系列trailvt.跟蹤,追蹤(=follow)--The
police
trailed
the
criminal
to
the
place
where
he
was
hiding(criminaln.罪犯)Printn.印痕Clingv.粘(clung,clung,clinging)--She
is
always
clinging
to
her
mother.--He
clung
to
the
hope
that
he
would
succeed.他懷有成功的希望stick
v.粘?。?-sticktheenvelop)n.信封stick
to
堅持(--sticktotheplan/sticktoone’spromise)n.許諾sticky
adj.粘的(--stickyfingers)convincev.使…信服1>convince
sbof
sth--Iconvincehimofmyhonesty.(n.誠實,正直)我使他相信我的誠實。2>be
convincedthat…--Iamconvincedthatsheishonestgirl.(adj.誠實的,正直的)somehowadv.不知怎么搞地,不知什么原因=by
some
means,in
some
way,for
some
reason
unknown--I’llgetthebookbacksomehow.無論如何我要把這本書取回來。--Igotlostsomehow不知怎么搞地,我迷失了。Somewhatadv.稍微,有點,有些(=a
little)--ThepriceissomewhathigherthanIexpect.(highadj.高的)disturbv.令人不安disturbingadj.令人不安的/disturbedadj.感到不安的surprisingadj.令人驚訝的/surprisedadj.感到驚訝的excitingadj.令人激動的/excitedadj.感到激動的wildadj.野性的,野生的investigatev.調(diào)查,研究descriptionn.描寫,描述extraordinarilyadv.特別地,非常地,格外similaradj.相似的,類似的attackvt.攻擊difficultadj.困難的,艱難的difficultyn.困難,難點rabbitn.兔,野兔pawn.手掌,手爪furn.毛皮,毛,軟毛bushn.矮樹叢fullyadv.充分地,完全地collectorn.收藏家,征收者Text課文at
large逃遁的,沒有被控制的--Thethiefisstillatlargeatlarge詳細(xì)地(=in
detail)n.細(xì)節(jié),詳情--Ineedtalktoyouatlargeatlarge總體來講(=as
a
whole)--ThestudentsatlargearehungryforEnglish.(hungryadj.饑餓的,渴望的)Where
must
the
puma
have
come
from?Pumas
are
large,
cat-like
animals
which
are
found
in
America.在英文的表達(dá)方式中,首先呈現(xiàn)給讀者的是結(jié)果(和中文不同)英文擅長用長句,中文擅長用短句。--Pandas
are
large
cat-like
animals
which
are
found
in
Asia.(pandan.熊貓)cat-like貓一樣的,偷偷摸摸的/dog-like狗一樣的/life-like栩栩如生的When
reports
came
into
London
Zoo
that
a
wild
puma
had
been
spotted
forty-five
miles
south
of
London,
they
were
not
taken
seriously.一般來講定語從句和同位語從句緊隨在被修飾名詞的后面,但為了保持句子平衡,也可以把謂語動詞放到從句之前1>定語從句只是對于被修飾詞的補充說明、修飾--定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:--指人:主語who;賓語who,whom;定語
whose--指物:that(也可以指人)/which--時間狀語:when/地點狀語:where/原因狀語:why2>同位語從句則是講述被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容--同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:--名詞(做主語、賓語等):關(guān)系詞用that而不是which--時間:when;
地點:where--定語從句中沒有what這個關(guān)系詞,但what可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句--An
idea
came
to
her
that
she
might
do
the
experiment
in
another
way.--I
have
no
idea
what
has
happened
to
him。they
were
not
taken
seriously(they指代reports)take
sthseriously=deal
with
sthseriously認(rèn)真地對待某事--Ialwaystakeyoursuggestionsseriously.take
sthlightly草率地對待某事(lightlyadv.輕率地)--Don’ttakethehotpotatolightly(hotpotaton.棘手的問題)claim
to
have
done
sth聲稱曾經(jīng)做過某事--Heclaimedtohavebeenthemanagerofthelargeshop.It
immediately
ran
away
when
she
saw
it,
and
experts
confirmed
that
a
puma
will
not
attack
a
human
being
unless
it
is
cornered.Confirm=be
sure=be
certain(confirmvt.確定)Unlessitiscornered=ifitisnotcornered(unlessconj.如果不,除非)--Hewillacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.Wherever
it
went,
it
left
behind
it
a
trail
of
dead
deer
and
small
animals
like
rabbits.把某物留在后面:leave
behind--Whereverhewent,thewoundleftbehindhimatrailofblood.(n.血)Paw
prints
were
seen
in
a
number
of
places
and
puma
fur
was
found
clinging
to
bushes.英文表達(dá)方式習(xí)慣用被動語態(tài),突出客觀事實。而中文則善于運用動作的執(zhí)行者。Several
people
complained
of
"cat-like
noises'
at
night
and
a
businessman
on
a
fishing
tripsaw
the
puma
up
a
plain
of/about
sth抱怨某事on+名詞:強調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行--on
the
rise在上升/on
t
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