仁愛英語八年級下7、8單元語法總結(jié)

仁愛英語八年級下7、8單元語法總結(jié)仁愛英語八年級下7、8單元語法總結(jié)仁愛英語八年級下7、8單元語法總結(jié)仁愛英語八年級下冊7、8單元語法總結(jié)賓語從句賓語是句子的一個重要成分，它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當。當一個句子充當賓語時，這個句子就被稱為賓語從句。賓語從句與主句之間由連接詞來連接。學習賓語從句，要注意以下三個方面，即引導詞、語序和時態(tài)。引導詞引導賓語從句的引導詞按所引導的句子結(jié)構(gòu)特點可以分為三類：that引導的賓語從句，that在賓語從句中無意義，不充當任何成分，在口語和非正式文體中常省略，這種賓語從句常是陳述句變化而來的。Ithink(that)heisright.我認為他是對的。Theteachersays,“Itisagoodbook.”Theteachersaysthatitisagoodbook.老師說這是一本好書。IknowthattheycomefromChina.我知道他們來自中國。（2）由if/whether引導的賓語從句由if或whether引導的賓語從句，if或whether在句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，但不能省略。在句中翻譯成“是否”。這種賓語從句常是一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。Iamnotsurewhether/ifthereareUFOs.Sheasked,“jim,doyoulikeEnglish?”Sheaskedjimif/whetherhelikedEnglish.(3)疑問詞引導的賓語從句疑問詞包括疑問代詞（what,which,who,whose）和疑問副詞（when,how,where,why）,疑問詞在從句中充當成分，不可省略，這種賓語從句常是特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的。Couldyoutellmewhentheywillarrive?Idon'tknowwhoheisCouldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?2.語序賓語從句要用陳述句語序，即主語在前，謂語在后。如：DoeshelikeTimeEnglishPost?Doyouknow?合并成賓語從句Doyouknowif/whetherhelikesTimeEnglishPost?Whataretheytalkingabout?Iwanttoknow.合并成賓語從句Iwanttoknowwhattheyaretalkingabout?3.時態(tài)當主句中的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，賓語從句中的時態(tài)不受主句影響。當主句中的謂語動詞是一般過去時態(tài)時，賓語從句則使用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。Ithinkthattcansellnewspapers.IthinkIshouldhaveatalkwithhei.Iheardyouhadabadcold注：如果賓語從句所表達的內(nèi)容是客觀真理或客觀事實時，從句中的動詞時態(tài)不受主句的謂語動詞時態(tài)的限制。Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesroundthesun.Hesaidheisforty專項訓練（）1.IamsorryIamlate.whomB.ifC.thatD.how()2.hecomesornot,Iamnotsure.whetherB.ifC.thatD.where()3.Iknowheisn'taworker.ifB.whetherC.thatD.who()4.couldyoutellmehowlong?FortwoweeksA.haveyouborrowedthisbookB.youhaveborrowedthisbookC.youhavekeptthisbookD.haveyoukeptthisbook()5.whatdidtheteachersay?SheaskedwhatareyoureadingwhatyouarereadingwhatwereyoureadingwhatyouwerereadingII按要求完成句子Heasked…whenwilltheyflytoFuzhou?(連成賓語從句)2.Couldyoutellme…wheredoeshelive?(連成賓語從句)3.Iwanttoknow…h(huán)owmanychildrendatheyhave?(連成賓語從句)4.Whencanjanefinishthework?Idon'tknow…(連成賓語從句)副詞的比較等級1.副詞的比較等級的構(gòu)成副詞和形容詞一樣，也有原級、比較級和最高級三種形式。副詞的比較等級的變化與形容詞比較等級的變化大致相同。規(guī)則變化分類舉例構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般情況在詞尾加-er,-esthardfastHarderfasterHardestfaster以字母e結(jié)尾的，只加-r,-stlatelaterlatest以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i,再加er,-estearlyearlierearliest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more，mostQuicklyslowlyMorequicklyMoreslowlyMostquicklyMostslowly注意：若副詞是通過形容詞加后綴ly派生來的，比較級和最高級加more，most，但early中的ly不是后綴，因此其比較級和最高級不能加more，most。不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest副詞比較等級的用法原級的用法as+副詞+as(和什么一樣，同什么一樣)Herunasfastasme.他和我跑的一樣快。Tomstudiesashardasjim湯姆和吉姆學習一樣努力。比較級的用法A…+比較級+than+B表示A比B更Sheworksharderthanhisbrother.她比他弟弟學習努力。Lilywrotemorecarefullythanlucy.莉莉?qū)懙谋嚷段鞲毿摹１硎疽皇挛镫S另一事物的變化而變化，用the+比較級。。。，the+比較級。。。，表示越什么就越什么Theharderyouwork,thebetteryoudo(3)最高級的用法（the）+副詞最高級+in/of范圍（副詞最高級前的定冠詞通常會省略，后面多接表示范圍的介詞短語）Heruns(the)fastestinhisclass他是班里跑的最快的。Annworks(the)hardestamongtheeightgirls.安是八個女孩中工作最努力的Ofallthesesongs,Ilikethisonebest.在這些歌曲中，我最喜歡這首。專項訓練根據(jù)句意和括號中的副詞提示進行翻譯填空。1.Stevenspeaks____(loudly)Amydoes.

史蒂芬說話和艾米一樣大聲。2.Iwilldo____(well)nexttime.

我下次會做好一點。3.Tobyruns

____(fast)you.

托比跑的和你一樣快。4.Heworked

____(hard)alltheteachers.

他是所有老師中最努力工作的。5.Pleasewalk____(slowly).

請走慢一點。6.Shecamehere

____(early)usual.

她來得比平時早。7.Wewent

____(far)youdo.

我們走的比你遠。8.Johnplayedbasketball

____(frequently)

Iexpected.

約翰比我預想的更經(jīng)常打籃球。9.Ilikespring

____(well).

我最喜歡春天。10.Hestayed____

(long)thegroup.

他是組里待的最久的。11.Itrained

____(heavily).雨下的越來越大了。

副詞的比較等級1.Johnspeaks________Tom.A.moreclearlythan

B.clearlierthan

C.clearas

Dclearlyas2.AndrewcanspeakEnglish________histeacher.A.sofluentas

B.asfluentas

C.asfluentlyas

D.sofluentlyas3.Nancytalks_______inherfamily.A.less

B.least

C.theless

D.asleastas4.Shedoesn’tgetup_________herparents.A.asearlilyas

B.soearlyas

C.soearlilyas

D.soearlieras5.Jakeplayedtheviolin________inhisclass.A.better

B.morebest

C.muchthebest

D.muchthebetter6.Carsrun______thanbikes.A.faster

B.fast

C.morefastly

D.fastly7.________youwork,______youlearn.A.Thehard;themore

B.Hard;much

C.Harder;more

D.Theharder;themore三．So…that…sothat….和such…that…1.such…that作“如此…以致”解，連接一個表示結(jié)果的狀語從句。與so…that意思相同，但用法不同。如：so…that這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so后邊可加形容詞或副詞，而such后邊要用名詞（這個名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可以不帶）。因此，such…that的句型結(jié)構(gòu)可分以下三種：1)such＋a(an)＋adj.＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that…clauseHeissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim.他非常聰明，大家都非常喜歡他。Hewassuchanhonestmanthathewaspraisedbytheteacher.他非常誠實，因而受到了老師的表揚。2)such＋adj.＋復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋that…clauseTheyaresuchinterestingnovelsthatIwanttoreadthemonceagain.這些小說非常有趣，我想再讀一遍。3)such＋adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that…clauseHehasmadesuchgreatprogressthattheteachersarepleasedwithhim.他進步得很快，老師們對他感到很滿意。注意：如果such后邊的名詞前由many、much、few、little等詞所修飾的話，則不用such而用so。例如：Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤，以致于全身上下青一塊，紫一塊的。Hehadsolittleeducationthathewasunfitforthisjob.他所受教育很少，不適合做這個工作。2.so…that也作“如此…以致”解，連接一個表示結(jié)果的狀語從句。so…that與such…that意思相同，但用法不同?，F(xiàn)將so…that用法總結(jié)如下：so＋adj.／adv.＋that…clause（so的后面跟形容詞或副詞）Herunssofastthatnobodycancatchupwithhim.他跑得非?？欤瑳]人能追上他。sothat引導目的狀語從句，表示以便為了Lucywantedtohelppeoplesothatshebecameadoctor.露西想幫助人們，所以就成了醫(yī)生。專項練習1.

She

bought

a

digital

camera

online

____she

would

save

a

lot

of

time.

A.so

that

B.as

soon

as

C.no

matter

D.such

that

2.

—__________fine

day

it

is

today!

Yes,the

sunshine

is__________beautiful

that

I'd

like

to

go

swimming

in

the

sea.

A.

How,

such

B.

What

a,

very

C.

How,

so

D.

What

a,

so

3.

The

camera

is

__________expensive__________

I

can't

afford

it.

A.

so,

that

B.

such,

that

C.

so,

as

to

D.

enough,

that

4.

Miss

Gao

asked

a

question,

but

it

was__________that

nobody

could

answer

it.

A.very

difficult

B.

too

difficult

C.

difficult

enough

D.

so

difficult

5.To

my

surprise,he

could

get

over

____

difficult

problems

that

he

succeeded

at

last.A.so

many

B.such

many

C.

so

few

D.

such

few用so,

such,

such

a或such

an填空

1.

He

was________excited

that

he

couldn't

get

sleep.

2.

This

teacher

is_________

kind

that

we

all

like

him.

3There

is

________

much

food

in

the

refrigerator

that

we

don’t

need

to

buy

anything.4.

He

ran____________quickly

that

I

couldn't

catch

up

with

him.

5.

This

is____________interesting

a

book

that

we

all

enjoy

r