2025屆陜西省西安市長安區(qū)高三下學(xué)期第三次?？加⒄Z試題【含答案解析】

2025年長安區(qū)高三年級(jí)第三次模擬考試英語試題(試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.ApologizetoMrs.Johnson.B.Gobackhometogether.C.Lookaroundforacat.2.WhydoesHarrycometothewoman?A.Toremindhertostudy.B.Toinformherofatest.C.Toaskforafavor.3.Whattimewillthemeetingend?A.Atabout5:30.B.Atabout4:30.C.Atabout3:30.4.HowisStevetowardMary?A.Angry.B.Concerned.C.Inspiring.5.Whatarethespeakers?A.Students.B.Teachers.C.Officeclerks.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethekidsdoing?A.Puttingupaposter.B.Cleaninguptheroad.C.Emptyingthetrashcan.7.Whatisthemanlike?A.Careless.B.Helpful.C.Confident.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Colleagues.C.Classmates.9.WhendidErichavehiscomputerrepaired?A.Today.B.Yesterday.C.Thedaybeforeyesterday.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatattractspeopletoKaribaTownaccordingtoJack?A.Thebeautifulscenery.B.Thejobopportunities.C.Theinterestingwildlife.11.WhatcantouristsdoinLakeKariba?A.Gofishing.B.Goboating.C.Goswimming.12.WhydopeopleinKaribaTownusuallystayindoorsafterwork?A.Tostaywiththeirfamily.B.Toavoidattacksfrombadmen.C.Toletanimalsdosomeactivities.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdoesMikethinkofthefoodinthecafeteria?A.It’snotbadB.It’sawful.C.It’sdelicious.14.Whyisthecafeteriapopularaccordingtothewoman?A.Itserveshomemadefood.B.Itchargesalowpriceforfood.C.Itprovidesagoodenvironment.15.Whendoesthecafeteriaclosemostprobably?A.At7:00.B.At8:00.C.At9:00.16.Wheredoesthewomanprefertohavedinner?A.Athome.B.Atfoodstands.C.Attherestaurants.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.TheentertainmentactivitiesinIndia.B.ThebriefintroductiontoBollywood.C.ThecomparisonbetweenHollywoodandBollywood.18.WhatdomostIndiansprefertododuringtheirfreetime?A.Dosports.B.Watchfilms.C.Singanddance.19.HowmuchdomostBollywoodfilmscost?A.About$2million.B.About$5million.C.About$40million.20.WhatcanwelearnaboutAmitabhBachchan?A.Hehasstarredin114films.B.HeisoneofthegreatestAmericanactors.C.Hehasagreatpassionforthefilmindustry.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALaboratorySafetyWelcometoexplorethefundamentaltopicsnecessarytomaintainsafetyandregulationsinchemicallaboratoriesinthistwo-daycourse.AbouttheInstructorChristopherEKohlerwastheLaboratorySafetyManageratIndianaUniversityandiscurrentlyaprofessorofHazardousMaterialsatIndianaUniversity.HehasbeenaCertifiedChemicalHygieneOfficersince2001.AbouttheCourseLearnaboutpractical,currentregulatory(監(jiān)管的)measuresforthepreventionofaccidents,incidentsorchemicalexposuresthatcouldresultineffectsonhealth,injuries,fire,propertylossorinterferencewithlaboratoryoperations.ItincludestheOSHAtrainingrequirementsforChemicalHygieneOfficers.WhatYouWillLearnMaintainsafeandregulatory-compliant(一致的)laboratories.Understandandprovideguidanceonmanytopicsoflaboratorysafety.PreparetobeaChemicalHygieneOfficer(CHO)andtaketheCHOcertificationexam.WhoShouldAttendLaboratoryemployeesinneedoffundamentallaboratoryhealthandsafetytraining(includingmanagers,supervisors,scientistsandtechnicalassistants).Full-orpart-timeChemicalHygieneOfficers,safety,health,industrialhygienepersonnel,inspectors,teamleaders,trainers,andthosewhoareaccountableforsimilarlaboratorysafetyandhealthactivities.Dates,Locations,andPricesDecember1–December2,2024WestinPeachtreePlazaHotel,210PeachtreeStNW,Atlanta,GA,30303MemberNon-memberEarlyBird$1690$1895FullPrice$1895$2095CourseTime:8:30AM–5:00PM;Check-instartsat7:45AMonthefirstdayofthecourse.Thecoursefeeincludesacoursemanualandcontinentalbreakfasteachday.SpecialInstructionsRegistrantsareinvitedtobringcasehistories,problemdescriptions,andsafetyprogrammaterialforevaluationanddiscussion.EarlyBirdpricingendstwoweeksbeforethestartdateofthecourse.1.WhatcanyouacquireinLaboratorySafety?A.Knowledgeaboutaccidentprevention. B.Evaluationofpropertyloss.C.Importanceoffirstaid. D.AqualificationofCHO.2.Whomaybeinterestedinthecourse?A.Universitygraduates. B.Governmentofficials.C.Potentialemployees. D.Labadministrators.3.WhencanyouapplyforanEarlyBirdpriceatthelatest?A.OnDecember1st,2024. B.OnDecember2nd,2024.C.OnNovember15th,2024. D.OnNovember17th,2024.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要從授課教師、課程內(nèi)容、課程對(duì)象、課程時(shí)間、費(fèi)用等方面介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)室安全課程?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AbouttheCourse部分的“Learnaboutpractical,currentregulatory(監(jiān)管的)measuresforthepreventionofaccidents,incidentsorchemicalexposuresthatcouldresultineffectsonhealth,injuries,fire,propertylossorinterferencewithlaboratoryoperations.ItincludestheOSHAtrainingrequirementsforChemicalHygieneOfficers.(了解預(yù)防可能對(duì)健康、傷害、火災(zāi)、財(cái)產(chǎn)損失或干擾實(shí)驗(yàn)室操作造成影響的事故、事件或化學(xué)品暴露的現(xiàn)行實(shí)用監(jiān)管措施。它包括OSHA對(duì)化學(xué)衛(wèi)生官員的培訓(xùn)要求)”可知，在這個(gè)課程中，大家可以了解實(shí)用的、現(xiàn)行的監(jiān)管措施，以預(yù)防可能發(fā)生的事故、事件或化學(xué)品泄漏，即可以學(xué)到事故預(yù)防方面的知識(shí)。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhoShouldAttend部分的“Laboratoryemployeesinneedoffundamentallaboratoryhealthandsafetytraining(includingmanagers,supervisors,scientistsandtechnicalassistants).(需要基本實(shí)驗(yàn)室健康和安全培訓(xùn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室員工（包括經(jīng)理、主管、科學(xué)家和技術(shù)助理）)”可知，需要接受實(shí)驗(yàn)室健康與安全基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室員工可參加該課程。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“EarlyBirdpricingendstwoweeksbeforethestartdateofthecourse.(早鳥價(jià)在課程開始日期前兩周結(jié)束)”以及Dates,Locations,andPrices部分中的課程日期“December1–December2,2024”可知，早鳥價(jià)是在2024年12月1日課程開始之前兩周結(jié)束，所以最遲在2024年11月17日你可以申請(qǐng)?jiān)瑛B價(jià)。故選D。BInHindman,Kentucky,agroupofwomen,knownasthe“bookwomen”,usuallysetoffonhorsebackatdawn,topicktheirwayalongsnowyhillsidesandthroughmuddystreamswithasimplegoal:todeliverreadingmaterialstoremotemountaincommunities.ThePackHorseLibraryinitiativewaspartofPresidentFranklinRoosevelt’sWorksProgressAdministration(WPA),createdtohelpliftAmericaoutoftheGreatDepression,duringwhich,by1933,unemploymenthadrisento40percentinAppalachia.Thisinitiativewasanopportunitytoboostbothemploymentandliteracyatthesametime.TheWPApaidthebookcarrierssalaries.Countieshadtohavetheirownbaselibrariesfromwhichthehorse-ridinglibrarianswouldtravel.Localschoolshelpedcoverthosecosts,andthereadingmaterials—books,magazines,andnewspapers—werealldonated.Thebookwomenrode100to120milesaweek,ontheirownhorsesormules,alongplannedroutes,regardlessoftheweather.Ifthedestinationwastooremoteevenforhorses,theydismountedandwentonfoot.Inmostcases,thebookwomenwerehiredlocally—accordingtohistorianDonaldC.Boyd,“afamiliarfacetootherwisedistrustfulmountainfolk.”Bytheendof1938,therewere274librariansridingoutacross29counties.Intotal,theprogramemployednearly1,000ridinglibrarians.Inadditiontoprovidingreadingmaterials,thebookwomenservedastouchstonesforthesecommunities.Theytriedtofillbookrequests,sometimesstoppedtoreadtothosewhocouldn’t,andhelpeddeveloplocalpride.Asonerecipientsaid,“Thebooksyoubroughtushavesavedourlives.Itsourdutytovisitthelibraryandtohelpineverywaythatwecan,sothatwemaykeepitasanactiveactorinourcommunity.”4.WhatdidthePackHorseLibraryinitiativeaimtodo?A.Linkremotecommunities. B.Enrichlifeinthecountry.C.Supportthelocalschools. D.Providejobopportunities.5.Whichaspectoftheinitiativeispresentedinparagraph3?A.Theoperationmode. B.Thelibrarianselection.CThehistoricalbackground. D.Thecommunityengagement.6.Whatwasthemainreasonformostofthebookwomenbeinghiredlocally?A.Theywereexcellenthorseriders. B.Theywerefamiliarwiththeroutes.C.Theycouldbetrustedmoreeasily. D.Theycouldbehiredatalowcost.7Whatcanthebookwomenberegardedasaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Socialactivists. B.Communityfacilitators.C.Informationproviders. D.Bookreviewers.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了美國肯塔基州“馱馬圖書館”計(jì)劃的相關(guān)內(nèi)容?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThePackHorseLibraryinitiativewaspartofPresidentFranklinRoosevelt’sWorksProgressAdministration(WPA),createdtohelpliftAmericaoutoftheGreatDepression.(馱馬圖書館計(jì)劃是富蘭克林?羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)的工程進(jìn)度管理局(WPA)的一部分，該計(jì)劃旨在幫助美國擺脫大蕭條。)”和“Thisinitiativewasanopportunitytoboostbothemploymentandliteracyatthesametime.(這一計(jì)劃是一個(gè)同時(shí)提高就業(yè)率和識(shí)字率的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，馱馬圖書館計(jì)劃旨在提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“TheWPApaidthebookcarrierssalaries.Countieshadtohavetheirownbaselibrariesfromwhichthehorse-ridinglibrarianswouldtravel.Localschoolshelpedcoverthosecosts,andthereadingmaterials—books,magazines,andnewspapers—werealldonated.(工程進(jìn)度管理局給圖書搬運(yùn)工發(fā)工資。各縣必須有自己的基礎(chǔ)圖書館，騎馬的圖書管理員可以從那里出發(fā)。當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校幫助支付這些費(fèi)用，而閱讀材料——書籍、雜志和報(bào)紙——都是捐贈(zèng)的。)”可知，第三段介紹了該計(jì)劃的運(yùn)作模式。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Inmostcases,thebookwomenwerehiredlocally—accordingtohistorianDonaldC.Boyd,“afamiliarfacetootherwisedistrustfulmountainfolk”.(在大多數(shù)情況下，女性圖書管理員都是在當(dāng)?shù)毓蛡虻摹鶕?jù)歷史學(xué)家唐納德?C?博伊德的說法，“對(duì)于那些本來多疑的山區(qū)居民來說，她們是一張熟悉的面孔”。)”可知，大多數(shù)女性圖書管理員在當(dāng)?shù)乇黄赣玫闹饕蚴撬齻兏菀妆恍湃?。故選C。【7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inadditiontoprovidingreadingmaterials,thebookwomenservedastouchstonesforthesecommunities.Theytriedtofillbookrequests,sometimesstoppedtoreadtothosewhocouldn’t,andhelpeddeveloplocalpride.(除了提供閱讀材料外，女性圖書管理員還成為這些社區(qū)的試金石。她們盡量滿足書籍的需求，有時(shí)會(huì)停下來為那些不會(huì)讀書的人讀書，并幫助培養(yǎng)當(dāng)?shù)氐淖院栏小?”可知，女性圖書管理員不僅提供閱讀材料，還促進(jìn)社區(qū)發(fā)展，所以可以被視為社區(qū)促進(jìn)者。故選B。CRecentresearchrevealsthattheadoptionofgenerativeartificialintelligence(AI)bycompaniesintheUShasadisproportionateimpactonwomen.Accordingtoarecentanalysis,approximately79%ofthejobslosttoAIwereheldbywomen.Thisdifferencecanbeduetoseveralfactors.Womenaremorelikelytoworkinindustriesthatarehighlybeinfluencedbyautomation,suchasretail,hospitality,andadministrativesupport.ThesesectorsofteninvolverepetitivetasksthatcanbeeasilyautomatedbyAItechnologies.Consequently,womenemployedintheseindustriesfaceahigherriskofjobdisplacement.GenderbiasesinAIalgorithms(運(yùn)算法則)canworsenthesituationforwomen.AIsystemsaretrainedonhistoricaldata,whichmayreflectexistinggenderbiasesinhiringandpromotionpractices.Thiscanresultinbiaseddecision-makingduringrecruitmentandperformanceevaluations,puttingwomenatadisadvantageintheworkplace.ThelackofdiversityinthedevelopmentofAItechnologiescontributestothegenderdifference.Theunderrepresentation(代表名額不足)ofwomeninthefieldofAImeansthattheirperspectivesandexperiencesarenotadequatelyconsideredduringthedesignanddevelopmentprocess.Asaresult,AIsystemsmaynotfullyunderstandorcatertotheneedsofwomen,continuouslyleadingtogenderinequalities.Toaddressthesechallenges,itiscrucialtoprioritizediversityandinclusioninthedevelopmentanddeploymentofAItechnologies.ThisinvolvesincreasingtherepresentationofwomeninAI-relatedfieldsandensuringdiverseperspectivesareconsideredduringthedesignandtestingphases.Additionally,companiesshouldactivelyworktowardseliminatinggenderbiasesinAIalgorithmsandregularlyassesstheirimpactondifferentdemographicgroups.Inconclusionalthoughmencurrentlydominatethelabormarket,womenbearadisproportionateburdenduetotheadoptionofgenerativeAI.Thecombinationofindustrycomposition,genderbiasesinalgorithms,andlackofdiversityinAIdevelopmentcontributetothisdisparity.Torelievetheseeffects,itisessentialtoprioritizediversityandinclusioninAIdevelopmentandaddressgenderbiasesinalgorithms.OnlythroughtheseeffortscanweensurethatthebenefitsofAIaredistributedequitablyamongallindividuals,regardlessofgender.8.WhyarewomenintheUSworkforcemoreinfluencedbytheadoptionofgenerativeAIthanmen?A.Womenarelessadaptabletotechnologicalchanges.B.Womenhavealowerlevelofeducationcomparedtomen.C.WomenaregenerallylessskilledintechnologyandAI-relatedfields.D.Womenaremorelikelytoworkinindustriesthatarehighlyautomatable.9.Whichofthefollowingstrategiescanreducethepotentialnegativeimpactonwomen?A.IncreasinggenderproportioninAIdevelopmentteams.B.ProvidingtargetedtrainingandprogramsforwomenandgivingthemmorechancesinAI-relatedfields.C.Encouragingwomentopursuecareersinnon-automatableindustries.D.OfferingfinancialsupportstocompaniesthatprioritizegenderdiversityinAIprogrammes.10.WhyisitimportanttoprioritizediversityandinclusioninAIdevelopment?A.Itensuresequalopportunitiesforwomenintheworkforce.B.ItpromotesinnovationandcreativityinAIsolutions.C.Itreducestheriskofbiasedalgorithmsthatperpetuategenderinequalities.D.ItimprovestheoverallperformanceandeffectivenessofAIsystems.11.Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?A.TheimpactofAIonjoblossesintheUS.B.TheroleofwomeninAI-relatedfields.C.GenderbiasesinAIalgorithmsandtheireffectsonwomen.D.SolutionstoaddresschallengesfacedbywomenduetogenerativeAI.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了生成式人工智能對(duì)從業(yè)的女性造成了更大的負(fù)面影響，行業(yè)構(gòu)成、算法中的性別偏見以及人工智能開發(fā)缺乏多樣性等因素共同導(dǎo)致了這一問題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Womenaremorelikelytoworkinindustriesthatarehighlybeinfluencedbyautomation,suchasretail,hospitality,andadministrativesupport.(女性更有可能在受自動(dòng)化影響較大的行業(yè)工作，如零售、酒店和行政支持。)”和“Consequently,womenemployedintheseindustriesfaceahigherriskofjobdisplacement.(因此，在這些行業(yè)就業(yè)的女性面臨更高的失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，美國勞動(dòng)力中的女性比男性更容易受到采用生成式人工智能的影響是因?yàn)榕愿锌赡茉诟叨茸詣?dòng)化的行業(yè)工作。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“ThisinvolvesincreasingtherepresentationofwomeninAI-relatedfields(這包括增加女性在人工智能相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的代表性)”可知，為女性提供有針對(duì)性的培訓(xùn)和項(xiàng)目，讓女性在人工智能相關(guān)領(lǐng)域有更多的機(jī)會(huì)，可以幫助她們減少潛在的負(fù)面影響。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Asaresult,AIsystemsmaynotfullyunderstandorcatertotheneedsofwomen,continuouslyleadingtogenderinequalities.(因此，人工智能系統(tǒng)可能無法完全理解或滿足女性的需求，從而不斷導(dǎo)致性別不平等。)”和最后一段中“Torelievetheseeffects,itisessentialtoprioritizediversityandinclusioninAIdevelopmentandaddressgenderbiasesinalgorithms.OnlythroughtheseeffortscanweensurethatthebenefitsofAIaredistributedequitablyamongallindividuals,regardlessofgender.(為了減輕這些影響，必須在人工智能開發(fā)中優(yōu)先考慮多樣性和包容性，并解決算法中的性別偏見。)”可推知，在人工智能開發(fā)中優(yōu)先考慮多樣性和包容性很重要，因?yàn)檫@樣可以降低使性別不平等永久化的有偏見算法的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了生成式人工智能對(duì)從業(yè)的女性造成了更大的負(fù)面影響，并從行業(yè)構(gòu)成、算法中的性別偏見以及人工智能開發(fā)缺乏多樣性三個(gè)方面分析了這一問題產(chǎn)生的原因，著重分析了算法方面的因素和解決方法。因此，C項(xiàng)“人工智能算法中的性別偏見及其對(duì)女性的影響”符合文章大意。故選C項(xiàng)。DPeoplevaryinhowwelltheydiscriminateandidentifyfoods.Thevariationisexplainedbyageneralabilitytorecognizeobjects.Weresearchersoriginallytheorizedthevariabilitymightalsobeassociatedwithpeople’sattitudetowardnewfoods.Thosewhoendorsestatementslike“IamparticularaboutwhatIeat”havefoodneophobia—refusaloffoodnovelty.Sureenough,ourstudydidfindpickyeatersscoredworstonourtestsoffoodrecognition:Foodneophobiaisnegativelycorrelatedwithfoodrecognitionability.Whilewewerepublishingourfinding,scientistsweredebatingnewfindingsabouthowthebrainreactstofoodandcolor.Differentresearchgroupshadidentifiedbrainareasinthevisualsystemthatrespondedpreferentiallytoimagesoffood.Forinstance,lookingatabowlofnoodleswouldactivatethesebrainareas,butnotlookingatapileofstring.Thescientificdisagreementwasaboutwhatitmeanttoidentifyaselectivityforfoodinbrainareasalreadyknownfortheirresponsivenesstocolor.Werepeatedourinitialstudywithgray-scaleimagesoffood.Theresultshowedwithoutcolor,peopleunsurprisinglymademoreerrors,mistakingdifferentdishesasthesame,butthepatternofvariationacrosspeoplewasotherwiseunchanged.Thosewithahighergeneralvisualabilitydidbetterwithfood.Wealsofoundoneeffectofremovingcolor:Foodneophobiawasnolongercorrelatedwithfoodrecognitionability.Itwasasifwhateveradvantagetheadventurouseatershadgainedoverpickyoneswasalldependentoncolor.Wethenmadeanentirelynewprediction:Wouldpeoplewithcolorblindnessbelessfoodneophobicthanthosewithnormalcolorperception?Becausethecolorblindexperiencefoodinarestrictedrangeofcolor,certainsignalsthatraiseflagsaboutfreshness,safety,orotherwisedriveanxietyaboutnovelfoodcouldbelimited.Weinvitedparticipantsonline,basedonhowtheyansweredonequestionaboutcolorblindnessburiedinalongscreeningquestionnaire.Thesurveysuggestedcolorblindpeoplewereindeedlessfoodneophobicthanthenon-colorblind.Seeingtheworldwithanarrowcolorrangeseemstoeaseanemotion-basedresistancetonovelfoods.Ourfindingspavethewayforaddressingextremecasesoffoodneophobia.Asresearcherslearnmoreaboutthecomplicatedrelevancebetweencolorperceptionandfood,wemightdeveloptargetedinterventionstoimprovedietaryhabits.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endorse”meaninparagraph1?A.Commenton. B.Approveof. C.Worryabout. D.Argueagainst.13.What’sthepurposeofwritingparagraph2?A.Toillustrateanargument.B.Toemphasizethevalueofscience.C.Toexplainthebackgroundoflatertests.D.Toindicateapositiveacademicatmosphere.14.Whyarecolorblindpeoplelessfoodneophobicaccordingtothestudy?A.They’rebornwithabiggerappetite.B.They’remoreexpertatrecognizingfood.C.Theyprefertotakerisksandtryfreshthings.D.Theyfailtoperceivesomefoodsignscausingtension.15.Howdidtheauthoruncovertheeffectofcoloronemotionalresponsestofood?A.Byexperiencingfooddiversityfirsthand.B.Byanalyzingfeedbackfromrespondents.C.Bytestingbrains’reactiontocolorfulfoods.D.Bymonitoringpickyeaters’dietaryvariations.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了人們對(duì)食物識(shí)別能力的差異，以及這種差異與人們對(duì)新食物態(tài)度（食物新恐懼癥）的關(guān)系?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的“Thosewhoendorsestatementslike“IamparticularaboutwhatIeat”havefoodneophobia—refusaloffoodnovelty.(那些endorse“我對(duì)自己吃的東西很挑剔”的人有“新食物恐懼癥”——拒絕新奇食物。)”可知，“Those…h(huán)avefoodneophobia”這里指那些人有“新食物恐懼癥”說明他們支持“IamparticularaboutwhatIeat”這一觀點(diǎn)，劃線詞意為“贊成、同意”。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whilewewerepublishingourfinding,scientistsweredebatingnewfindingsabouthowthebrainreactstofoodandcolor.Differentresearchgroupshadidentifiedbrainareasinthevisualsystemthatrespondedpreferentiallytoimagesoffood.(當(dāng)我們發(fā)表我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，科學(xué)家們正在就大腦如何對(duì)食物和顏色做出反應(yīng)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行辯論。不同的研究小組已經(jīng)確定了視覺系統(tǒng)中優(yōu)先對(duì)食物圖像做出反應(yīng)的腦區(qū)。)”可知，在作者團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)表其發(fā)現(xiàn)的同時(shí)，科學(xué)界關(guān)于大腦對(duì)食物和顏色反應(yīng)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)以及存在的爭議，為后文作者團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行灰度圖像實(shí)驗(yàn)以及提出色盲者與食物新恐懼癥關(guān)系的預(yù)測提供了背景信息。因此，本段的寫作目的是解釋后續(xù)測試的背景。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Becausethecolorblindexperiencefoodinarestrictedrangeofcolor,certainsignalsthatraiseflagsaboutfreshness,safety,orotherwisedriveanxietyaboutnovelfoodcouldbelimited.(因?yàn)樯ふ唧w驗(yàn)食物的顏色范圍有限，某些關(guān)于新鮮度、安全性或引起對(duì)新奇食物焦慮的信號(hào)可能會(huì)受到限制。)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“Thesurveysuggestedcolorblindpeoplewereindeedlessfoodneophobicthanthenon-colorblind.(調(diào)查顯示，色盲者確實(shí)比非色盲者更不害怕食物。)”可知，色盲者由于顏色感知能力的限制，無法像正常人一樣感知到某些可能引起對(duì)食物新鮮度、安全性等擔(dān)憂的信號(hào)，因此他們對(duì)新奇食物的恐懼感較低，沒有察覺到一些引起緊張的食物跡象。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Werepeatedourinitialstudywithgray-scaleimagesoffood.Theresultshowedwithoutcolor,peopleunsurprisinglymademoreerrors,mistakingdifferentdishesasthesame,butthepatternofvariationacrosspeoplewasotherwiseunchanged…Wealsofoundoneeffectofremovingcolor:Foodneophobiawasnolongercorrelatedwithfoodrecognitionability.(我們使用食物的灰度圖像重復(fù)了最初的研究。結(jié)果顯示，在沒有顏色的情況下，人們不出所料地犯了更多錯(cuò)誤，將不同的菜肴誤認(rèn)為是相同的，但人與人之間差異的模式?jīng)]有其他變化……我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了去除顏色的一個(gè)效果：食物新恐懼癥不再與食物識(shí)別能力相關(guān)。)”，倒數(shù)第三段的“Wethenmadeanentirelynewprediction:Wouldpeoplewithcolorblindnessbelessfoodneophobicthanthosewithnormalcolorperception?(然后我們做出了一個(gè)全新的預(yù)測：色盲者是否比正常色覺者更少食物新恐懼癥？)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“Weinvitedparticipantsonline,basedonhowtheyansweredonequestionaboutcolorblindnessburiedinalongscreeningquestionnaire.(我們根據(jù)參與者在一份長篩查問卷中關(guān)于色盲問題的回答邀請(qǐng)他們?cè)诰€參與。)”可知，結(jié)合參與者在線回答參與，作者通過對(duì)比有顏色和無顏色（灰度圖像）情況下人們對(duì)食物識(shí)別能力的差異，以及進(jìn)一步預(yù)測并驗(yàn)證色盲者與食物新恐懼癥的關(guān)系，來揭示顏色對(duì)食物情感反應(yīng)的影響，也就是作者主要分析了受訪者的反饋（即在不同條件下的表現(xiàn)）來揭示顏色對(duì)食物情感反應(yīng)的影響。故選B。第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。InsomeworkplaceslikeMyosinMarketinginAustin,Texas,anunusualactivitytakesplaceatthestartofgroupemployeemeetings.____16____Atfirst,employeesthoughtitwasstrange,butlatertheyfounditbeneficialasithelpedthemrelax.Studiesshowthatdeepbreathingcaneffectivelyreducestressatwork.However,manyworkersdon’tpayattentiontotheirbreathingwhileworking.Forexample,thosesittingatcomputersforlonghoursoftentakeshallowbreaths,andthoseontheirfeetalldaymightbetoobusy.____17____Deepbreathinghasmultiplebenefits.Firstly,it’sfreeandcanbedoneanywhere.____18____Also,focusingonbreathingcancalmthemindbygettingridofracingthoughts.Differentpeoplehavetheirownwaystopracticedeepbreathing.LisaMarieDeleveaux,wholostherjobandislookingforanewone,doesitearlyinthemorning.____19____AnotherexampleisLindsayCarlisle,asalesrepresentative,whodoesbreathingexerciseswithherdaughterduringthedrivetoschoolandfindsitcalming.Moreover,therearevariousbreathingexerciseswithdifferenttechniques.Forinstance,there’sa16-secondbreathingexercisecalledboxbreathing.____20____EmployerslikeCoca-Cola,MattelandNetflixhavealsorecognizedthevalueofsuchbreathingormeditationpracticesandusedrelevantservicesfortheiremployees.A.Itdoesn’tcostmuchtimecomparedtoalongmeditationsession.B.Sheusesaspecificwaytobreatheinandoutthroughdifferentnostrils.C.Theydoitbecausetheyhavenothingelsetododuringwork.D.EmployeesgatheronZoomanddoadeep-breathingexerciseledbytheboss.E.Itrequirespeopletohaveprofessionalguidancewhendoingit.F.Peopleshoulddoitonlywhentheyarefeelingextremelystressed.G.Itcanhelppeoplecalmdownbeforefacingchallengingsituationsatwork.【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.B20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了深呼吸在工作場所益處及其實(shí)踐方式。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“InsomeworkplaceslikeMyosinMarketinginAustin,Texas,anunusualactivitytakesplaceatthestartofgroupemployeemeetings.(在德克薩斯州奧斯汀的肌球蛋白營銷公司等一些工作場所，員工小組會(huì)議開始時(shí)會(huì)進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)不同尋常的活動(dòng)。)”可知，上文提到了某些工作場所在員工會(huì)議開始時(shí)進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)不同尋常的活動(dòng)，空處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)D“員工們聚集在Zoom上，在老板的帶領(lǐng)下做深呼吸練習(xí)”具體描述了這項(xiàng)不同尋常的活動(dòng)是什么。故選D?！?7題詳解】上文“Studiesshowthatdeepbreathingcaneffectivelyreducestressatwork.(研究表明，深呼吸可以有效緩解工作壓力。)可知，本段主要講述深呼吸對(duì)于工作中的人的好處。選項(xiàng)G“它可以幫助人們?cè)诿鎸?duì)工作中的挑戰(zhàn)之前平靜下來”符合語境。故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Firstly,it’sfreeandcanbedoneanywhere.(首先，它是免費(fèi)的，可以在任何地方進(jìn)行。)”可知，上文提到了深呼吸的第一個(gè)好處，即免費(fèi)且隨時(shí)隨地都可以進(jìn)行，設(shè)空處應(yīng)繼續(xù)說明深呼吸的其他好處。選項(xiàng)A“與長時(shí)間的冥想相比，它不需要花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間”指出了深呼吸的另一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，即與長時(shí)間的冥想相比，深呼吸不需要花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間。故選A。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“LisaMarieDeleveaux,wholostherjobandislookingforanewone,doesitearlyinthemorning.(LisaMarieDeleveaux失業(yè)了，正在找新工作，她一大早就會(huì)做深呼吸。)”可知，上文介紹了LisaMarieDeleveaux做深呼吸的時(shí)間，空處應(yīng)繼續(xù)介紹她做深呼吸的方式。選項(xiàng)B“她用一種特定的方式通過不同的鼻孔進(jìn)行吸氣和呼氣”具體描述了LisaMarieDeleveaux做深呼吸的方式。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Forinstance,there’sa16-secondbreathingexercisecalledboxbreathing.(例如，有一種叫做箱式呼吸的16秒呼吸練習(xí)。)”可知，上文提到了箱式呼吸這種特定的深呼吸練習(xí)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的說明。選項(xiàng)E“它要求人們?cè)谧龅臅r(shí)候有專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)”指出了進(jìn)行箱式呼吸時(shí)需要專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)，符合語境。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AsagraduatestudentinChicago,Andriawasgiventhemuchexhaustingjobofcollectingsurveydataaspartofanacademicresearchproject.Eachtimesheapproachedapasser-by,shethoughtshewouldbetoldhowannoyedtheywere.Yetthebadresponses____21____came.Manymorepeoplewere____22____toanswerthequestionnairesthanshehad____23____.Wasitpossible,shewondered,thatmostofusarewrongaboutwhetherpeoplewanttorespondtoourrequests?Overthefollowingdecade,sheconductedmultiplestudiesthat____24____thiswasindeedthecase:undermanycircumstances,peopleareoftenmorelikelyto____25____thanweassume.____26____,itseemedthattheresultsprovidedarefreshingly____27____viewofhumannature.“Itis____28____toknowthatpeoplearemorelikelytodothingsforyouthanexpected.”However,withtimegoingbyandmorereflectionsontheresults,Andriahascometo____29____thatherresultsreflectabroadertendencythatweusually_____30_____howmuchinfluenceourwordscanhaveonothers,whetherwe’reaskingthemto_____31_____goodorbadactions.Peopleoftenagreetodowhattheyareaskedbecausetheyfindittoo_____32_____tosayno,evensometimesfeelinguncomfortablewithour_____33_____.Knowingthiscanhelpusunderstandhowourdemandsmight_____34_____otherpeopleparticularlyintheworkplace,helpingusadjustourneedsaccordinglyinwaysthatrespectpeople’s_____35_____andwithouttakingwhattheyhavedoneforusforgranted.21.A.frequently B.eventually C.rarely D.tentatively22.A.reluctant B.ready C.accessible D.hesitant23.A.recognized B.transferred C.committed D.anticipated24.A.madefor B.markedout C.madeout D.madesure25.A.ignore B.cooperate C.reject D.complain26.A.Onthesurface B.Onthewhole C.Onthecontrary D.Onthego27.A.neutral B.critical C.negative D.optimistic28.A.ridiculous B.awesome C.discouraging D.influential29.A.deny B.doubt C.appreciate D.subscribe30.A.undervalue B.overstate C.mislead D.correlate31.A.imitate B.perceive C.measure D.perform32.A.awkward B.deliberate C.tricky D.amused33.A.recommendations B.requests C.quests D.announcements34.A.distinguish B.impress C.emerge D.impact35.A.defense B.assumptions C.boundaries D.confusion【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.D25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.A31.D32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文講述了芝加哥一名研究生安德里亞在收集調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們往往比預(yù)期更愿意回應(yīng)他人的請(qǐng)求。她通過多年研究證實(shí)，人們通常低估了自己言語對(duì)他人行為的影響力，這反映了一種更廣泛的傾向。了解這一點(diǎn)有助于我們理解自身需求如何影響他人，特別是在職場中，從而讓我們以尊重他人感受的方式調(diào)整需求?！?1題詳