河南省許昌市聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省許昌市聯(lián)考2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AUWStudentClassicalMusicJacobyCompetitionTheworldsofcompetitionandclassicalmusicmeethead-onastheUniversityofWyoming’sfineststudentmusicianswillbechosenduringtheUWSymphonyOrchestra’sJacobyCompetitionat7:30pmonMay6intheBuchananCenterforthePerformingArtsconcerthall.Ticketsare$19forthegeneralpublic,$15fortheelderlyand$9forstudents.Toordertickets,call(307)766-6666orgoonlineat/ticket-sales/uwyo/6984.TheconcertisnamedafterDorothyJacoby,amusicalandfoundingmemberofthelocalSymphonyAssociationandalongtimesupporterofclassicalmusicinLaramie.Afterherdeath,hersons,PeterandMichaelJacoby,madeagenerouscontributioninhonouroftheirmother.“TheJacobyCompetitionneverfailstobeoneoftheUWSymphonyOrchestra’smostexcitingevents,”saysUWDepartmentofMusicProfessorMichaelGriffith.“Whatyouwillhearisactuallythefinalsofatwo-stagecompetition.”Severalmonthsago,manyUWmusicstudentsplayedtheirselectedpiecesintheaudition(試演)round.Agroupofwell-knownmusiciansservedasjudgesandchosetheseventopstudentstoperforminthefinalsconcert.Anothersetofjudgeswillbeattheperformanceandwilldecidethebesttwoperformancesoftheevening.Thewinnerswillgetthe$2,500prizethatisawardedattheperformance.1.Whatistheticketpriceforstudentstoattendtheconcert?A.$5. B.$9. C.$15. D.$19.2.Whatwerethemusicstudentsrequiredtodointhefirstround?A.Producetheoriginalwork. B.Practicewiththesemusicians.C.Performtheirpickedmusic. D.Playpieceswrittenbyjudges.3.Whatwillthewinnersreceive?A.Recordings. B.Cashawards. C.Concerttickets. D.Singingauditions.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了懷俄明大學(xué)音樂學(xué)院將舉辦的Jacoby音樂比賽決賽，7名選手競逐獎項(xiàng)，紀(jì)念已故音樂贊助人DorothyJacoby?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ticketsare$19forthegeneralpublic,$15fortheelderlyand$9forstudents.(普通票為19美元，老年票為15美元，學(xué)生票為9美元)”可知，學(xué)生參加音樂會的票價是9美元。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Severalmonthsago,manyUWmusicstudentsplayedtheirselectedpiecesintheaudition(試演)round.(數(shù)月前，懷俄明大學(xué)眾多音樂專業(yè)學(xué)生在初選輪演奏了自選曲目)”可知，音樂專業(yè)的學(xué)生被要求在第一輪演奏他們自選的曲目。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thewinnerswillgetthe$2,500prizethatisawardedattheperformance.(獲勝者將獲得在演出當(dāng)晚頒發(fā)的2500美元獎金)”可知，獲獎?wù)邔@得現(xiàn)金獎勵。故選B項(xiàng)。BArielProcacciahasalwaysbeenattractedbybigquestionsandhardproblems.Whenhewasateenager,Procaccialovedreadingbooksaboutbigideas.OneofhisfavoriteswasFermat’sLastTheorem,whichtellsthestoryofamathpuzzle(難題)thatremainedunsolvedformorethan300years.AnotherbookheenjoyedwasABriefHistoryofTime,whichexploresdeepquestionsabouttheuniverse.Bythetimehewenttocollege,Procacciaknewhewantedtostudytwoofthreethings—math,computerscienceandphysics.“Butmydadisaphysicsprofessor,anditseemedstrangetodothesamethinghedid,”Procacciasays.“SoIchosetheothertwo.”Today,ProcacciaisacomputerscientistatHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass.There,hedesignscomputeralgorithms(算法)thatcansolveproblemsquicklyandfairly.Throughthiswork,Procacciahasbeenabletoaddresssomebigproblemsthatdirectlyaffectpeople’sdailylives.OneofhisfavoriteprojectsisS.It’safreewebsitethathelpspeopledividethingsinawaythatmathematicallyensuresfairness.Forexample,oneoftheappsonSplidditisrentdivision.Sayafewroommatesrentanapartmentandhavedifferentpreferencesoverrooms.Thegoalistoassign(分配)theroomsanddividetherentinawaythateachroommatefeelstheygotthebestdeal.SinceSplidditwasstartedin2014,ithasbeenusedbyhundredsofthousandsofpeople.Forthosewhothinkcomputerscienceisonlyaboutcomputers,Procacciahasadifferentview.Hebelievesitisreallyaboutsolvingproblemsinthebestwaypossible.Heencouragespeopletoexploreit,eveniftheythinktheyarenotinterestedincomputers.Hesays,“It’snotjustaboutthemachines;it’saboutusingthemtomakearealdifferenceinpeople’slives.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutProcacciafromthefirstparagraph?A.Hehasacuriousmind. B.Helongedtobeateacher.C.Hewasaquietteenager. D.Heenjoyswritingstories.5.WhydidProcacciastudymathandcomputerscienceincollege?A.Heacceptedhisfather’ssuggestion.B.Hefailedtochoosethesubjectsheloved.C.Hewasunwillingtofollowhisfather’spath.D.Hethoughtcomputersciencewasmorepopular.6.WhatisthemainpurposeofthewebsiteS?A.Toencouragestudentstoexploremath. B.Toshareinformationonlow-renthousing.C.Tohelpitsusersfindsuitableroommates. D.Tooffersolutionstofairdivisionproblems.7.WhatisProcaccia’sopinionaboutcomputerscience?A.Itismainlyaboutcomputers. B.Itaimstoimprovepeople’sdailylives.C.Itonlydrawscollegestudents. D.Itdependsonfuturecomputerscientists.【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了ArielProcaccia是一位熱衷于解決復(fù)雜問題的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家，他開發(fā)了S等工具，利用算法實(shí)現(xiàn)公平分配，并認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的真正價值在于改善人們的生活，而不僅僅是技術(shù)本身?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whenhewasateenager,Procaccialovedreadingbooksaboutbigideas.OneofhisfavoriteswasFermat’sLastTheorem,whichtellsthestoryofamathpuzzle(難題)thatremainedunsolvedformorethan300years.AnotherbookheenjoyedwasABriefHistoryofTime,whichexploresdeepquestionsabouttheuniverse.(少年時期的Procaccia就癡迷于閱讀探討宏大思想的書籍。他尤其喜愛《費(fèi)馬大定理》，這本書講述了一個困擾數(shù)學(xué)界三百余年的未解之謎；另一本讓他著迷的是《時間簡史》，書中深入探討了關(guān)于宇宙本質(zhì)的深刻問題。)”可知，Procaccia少年時期喜歡閱讀關(guān)于宏大思想的書籍，這些書涉及深奧的數(shù)學(xué)和宇宙問題，體現(xiàn)了他強(qiáng)烈的好奇心。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Procaccia所說的話“Butmydadisaphysicsprofessor,anditseemedstrangetodothesamethinghedid(但我父親是物理學(xué)教授，如果我也走同樣的路，總覺得有點(diǎn)奇怪)”和“SoIchosetheothertwo.(所以我選了另外兩個。)”可知，Procaccia之所以在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)，是因?yàn)樗辉敢庾吒赣H的職業(yè)道路。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“OneofhisfavoriteprojectsisS.It’safreewebsitethathelpspeopledividethingsinawaythatmathematicallyensuresfairness.(他最喜歡的項(xiàng)目之一是S。這是一個免費(fèi)網(wǎng)站，通過數(shù)學(xué)算法幫助人們公平分配物品。)”可知，該網(wǎng)站的主要目的是通過數(shù)學(xué)算法為公平分配問題提供解決方案。故選D項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Forthosewhothinkcomputerscienceisonlyaboutcomputers,Procacciahasadifferentview.Hebelievesitisreallyaboutsolvingproblemsinthebestwaypossible.(對于那些認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)只與計(jì)算機(jī)有關(guān)的人，Procaccia持有不同見解。他認(rèn)為這門學(xué)科的本質(zhì)在于用最優(yōu)方式解決問題。)”和Procaccia所說的話“It’snotjustaboutthemachines;it’saboutusingthemtomakearealdifferenceinpeople’slives.(這不僅僅是關(guān)于機(jī)器本身，而是要通過技術(shù)真正改變?nèi)藗兊纳睢?”可推知，Procaccia認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)提供解決問題的最優(yōu)方案，旨在改善人們的日常生活。故選B項(xiàng)。CArecentupdatefromtheU.S.GeologicalSurveyoffersnewinsightsintothechancesofYellowstone’ssupervolcanoerupting.Thisvolcanoisoneoftheworld’slargestactivevolcanoes.WrittenbyMarkStelten,ascientistattheYellowstoneVolcanoObservatory,thepostanalyzes(分析)thevolcano’seruptivehistoryandcurrentactivitytoshowthatthesleepinggiantshould,thankfully,remainasleepforawhilelonger.Steltensaysthatpredicting(預(yù)測)thelikelihoodofaneruptiondependsonknowingtheeruptivehistoryofthevolcanicsystem.Scientistsneedtocountpasteruptionsandwhentheyhappened.Thishelpsthemfigureouteruptionprobabilities.Toexplainthisidea,Steltentakesabaseballforexampleintheupdate:“Imagineyoulivenexttoabaseballfield,andsometimesballslandinyouryard.Toguesswhenthenextballwillcome,youcounthowmanyhavelandedinaperiod(let’ssay,oneyear).Then,youcanestimatethechancesofanotherballarrivingtomorrow,nextweek,ornextmonth.”ApplyingthisapproachtoYellowstone,Steltennotesthatthevolcanohasnoteruptedinthepast70,000years,butwasactivewithrhyolitelavaflowsevery20,000yearsonaveragebetween160,000and70,000yearsago.“Doesthismeanwearenowinthevolcanicoff-season?Ordoesitmeanweare‘due’foraneruption?”Steltenasks.“Therealityisthatwecannotsayforsurebasedonthesemethodsalone.Instead,wemustcombinethesetypesofpredictionswithreal-timemonitoringofthevolcanotoassess(評估)thestateofthevolcanicsystem.Rightnow,thechanceofaneruptionisabout0.001%peryear,andeventhatnumbermightbetoohigh,”Steltenwrites.Therearenowarningsignsofaneruption.However,asSteltennotes,“Oneday—maybeinthousandsofyearsoreventensofthousandsofyears—thiscouldchange.Scientistswillcontinuetowatchforanysigns.”8.WhatdoesthepostfindaboutYellowstone’ssupervolcano?A.Ithasshownwarningsignsoferupting. B.Itistheworld’slargestactivevolcano.C.Itkeepsinactiveintheforeseeablefuture. D.Itwillshapeourviewsonnaturaldisasters.9.WhydidSteltenmentionabaseballintheupdate?A.Tointroduceapopularsportseventtoreaders.B.Tostresstheimportanceofdoingmoreexercise.C.Towarnpeopletostayawayfrombaseballfields.D.Toexplainhowscientistspredictvolcaniceruptions.10.WhatdidSteltenthinkofYellowstone’seruptivehistory?A.Itwillremindresearcherstochangemethods.B.Itplaysapartinassessingthevolcanicsystem.C.Itmeanswearenowinthevolcanicoff-season.D.Ithelpsscientiststounderstandclimatechange.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Asciencereport. B.Atouristattraction.C.Afamousexpert. D.Amathematicalerror.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局關(guān)于黃石超級火山噴發(fā)幾率的最新研究，通過科學(xué)家MarkStelten的分析，解釋了如何根據(jù)火山的噴發(fā)歷史和當(dāng)前活動來預(yù)測其噴發(fā)可能性。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WrittenbyMarkStelten,ascientistattheYellowstoneVolcanoObservatory,thepostanalyzes(分析)thevolcano’seruptivehistoryandcurrentactivitytoshowthatthesleepinggiantshould,thankfully,remainasleepforawhilelonger.(這篇文章由黃石火山觀測站的科學(xué)家MarkStelten撰寫，分析了火山的噴發(fā)歷史和當(dāng)前的活動，表明這顆沉睡的巨人應(yīng)該多睡一段時間)”可知，黃石超級火山在可預(yù)見的未來保持不活躍狀態(tài)。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Toexplainthisidea,Steltentakesabaseballforexampleintheupdate:“Imagineyoulivenexttoabaseballfield,andsometimesballslandinyouryard.Toguesswhenthenextballwillcome,youcounthowmanyhavelandedinaperiod(let’ssay,oneyear).Then,youcanestimatethechancesofanotherballarrivingtomorrow,nextweek,ornextmonth.”(為了解釋這個想法，Stelten在更新中以棒球?yàn)槔骸跋胂笠幌?，你住在棒球場旁邊，有時球會落在你的院子里。為了猜測下一個球什么時候會來，你可以計(jì)算一段時間內(nèi)（比如一年）有多少球落在地上。然后，你可以估計(jì)明天、下周或下個月另一個球到達(dá)的機(jī)會?！?”可知，Stelten用棒球場中棒球落入院子的例子，類比科學(xué)家通過統(tǒng)計(jì)歷史噴發(fā)次數(shù)和間隔時間預(yù)測火山噴發(fā)概率的方法，可得出Stelten在最新消息中提到棒球是為了解釋科學(xué)家如何預(yù)測火山爆發(fā)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Steltensaysthatpredicting(預(yù)測)thelikelihoodofaneruptiondependsonknowingtheeruptivehistoryofthevolcanicsystem.(Stelten說，預(yù)測火山爆發(fā)的可能性取決于了解火山系統(tǒng)的噴發(fā)歷史)”和第七段“Instead,wemustcombinethesetypesofpredictionswithreal-timemonitoringofthevolcanotoassess(評估)thestateofthevolcanicsystem.(相反，我們必須將這些類型的預(yù)測（即歷史預(yù)測）與火山的實(shí)時監(jiān)測相結(jié)合，以評估火山系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài))”可知，Stelten認(rèn)為黃石火山噴發(fā)的歷史在評估火山系統(tǒng)方面發(fā)揮了作用。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ArecentupdatefromtheU.S.GeologicalSurveyoffersnewinsightsintothechancesofYellowstone’ssupervolcanoerupting.(美國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局最近的一項(xiàng)更新為黃石超級火山爆發(fā)的可能性提供了新的見解)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文是一篇科學(xué)分析報(bào)告。故選A項(xiàng)。DPlantsplayakeyroleincontrollingEarth’sclimate,butnewresearchsuggestsrisingtemperaturesmaybreakthisbalance.Dr.SeanMichaletz,aresearcherattheUniversityofBritishColumbia,studieshowplantsrespondtoheat.Hisfindingschallengealong-heldideaabouthowplantslosewater,leadingtonewwaysofunderstandingclimatechange.Previously,scientiststhoughtplantslostmostoftheirwaterthroughtinypores(氣孔)thatcloseinhightemperaturestosavewater.However,Michaletz’sresearchfindsthatastemperaturesrise,plantslosemorewaterthroughtheircuticle(角質(zhì)層)—whichcannotclose—thanthroughtheirtinypores.Thethinnerthecuticle,thegreaterthewaterloss.Thismeansthatinextremeheat,plantscontinuelosingwaterbutcannottakeincarbondioxide(CO2),reducingtheirroleasacarbonsink.Inextremetemperatures,theycouldevenbecomecarbonsources,worseningclimatechange.Michaletz’sstudiesshowthatphotosynthesis(光合作用)startstobreakdownbetween40℃and51℃.Inthe2021heatwave,temperaturessoaredto49.6℃,pushingplantstotheirlimits.Michaletz’songoingresearchsuggeststhat60℃maybethehighesttemperatureplantscansurvive—beyondthispoint,proteinsbreakdown,leadingtocelldamageanddeath.Onlyafewdesertandtropicalspecieshaveeverbeenobservedsurvivingatsuchextremetemperatures.Scientistsareworkingtofindoutthe“tippingpoint”whereEarth’svegetationgivesoutmoreCO2thanittakesin,whichturnsthemfromacarbonsinkintoacarbonsource.Thistippingpointcouldhappenataround30℃,thoughkeyuncertaintiesremain—especiallyhowmicroclimatesandwateraffectphotosynthesisunderextremeheat.Plantshavesurvivedhotweatherforhundredsofmillionsofyears,butallspeciesfaceupperlimitssetbythelawsofphysics.Whilesomeplantscanbearhighertemperaturesbetterthanothers,scientistsareunsurehowsoontheymightreachtheirbreakingpoint.Basedonrecentmeasurements,wemaybecloserthanwethink.12.Itwaspreviouslybelievedthatplantsinhotweathercould______.A.losewaterthroughtheircuticle B.havesideeffectsontheecosystemC.sendoutmorecarbonthanexpected D.savewaterbyclosingtheirtinypores13.WhatdoesMichaletz’sresearchsuggest?A.Plants’cuticlecouldstopwaterlossintheheat.B.Somedesertplantscanpredictextremeweather.C.Photosynthesisstartstobreakdownataround60℃.D.Risingtemperaturesreduceplants’abilitytotakeinCO2.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“soared”inparagraph4mean?A.Fellsharply. B.Changeddaily. C.Increasedquickly. D.Movedcarefully.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutglobalwarmingfromthelastparagraph?A.Itislikelytogetworsesoon. B.Itisreachingthebreakingpoint.C.Itisnotasseriousaswethought. D.Itisnotbasedonthelateststudy.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高溫下植物通過角質(zhì)層大量失水且無法吸收二氧化碳，可能從碳匯變?yōu)樘荚?，加劇氣候變化，同時科學(xué)家正研究植被的臨界溫度，而當(dāng)前變暖趨勢可能比預(yù)期更快逼近植物生存極限?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Previously,scientiststhoughtplantslostmostoftheirwaterthroughtinypores(氣孔)thatcloseinhightemperaturestosavewater.(以前，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為植物的大部分水分都是通過微小的氣孔流失的，這些氣孔在高溫下閉合以節(jié)省水分)”可知，以前人們認(rèn)為，在炎熱的天氣里，植物可以通過閉合氣孔來節(jié)約水分。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thismeansthatinextremeheat,plantscontinuelosingwaterbutcannottakeincarbondioxide(CO2),reducingtheirroleasacarbonsink.(這意味著在極端高溫下，植物會持續(xù)失水卻無法吸收二氧化碳(CO?)，從而削弱其作為碳匯的作用)”可知，Michaletz的研究表明，氣溫上升會降低植物吸收二氧化碳的能力。故選D項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Inthe2021heatwave(在2021年的熱浪中)”和下文“pushingplantstotheirlimits(將植物推向極限)”可推知，熱浪意味著氣溫飆升，從而威脅植物的生存，畫線詞意為“快速上升”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Plantshavesurvivedhotweatherforhundredsofmillionsofyears,butallspeciesfaceupperlimitssetbythelawsofphysics.Whilesomeplantscanbearhighertemperaturesbetterthanothers,scientistsareunsurehowsoontheymightreachtheirbreakingpoint.Basedonrecentmeasurements,wemaybecloserthanwethink.(植物在炎熱的天氣中生存了數(shù)億年，但所有物種都面臨物理定律設(shè)定的上限。雖然有些植物比其他植物更能承受更高的溫度，但科學(xué)家們不確定它們多久能達(dá)到極限。根據(jù)最近的測量，我們可能比我們想象的更接近)”可知，植物有溫度上限，且它們達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn)的時間可能比想象的更接近，這表明全球變暖可能加速惡化。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Aswebecomeincreasinglyawareoftheimpactouractionshaveontheenvironment,moreandmoreofusarelookingforwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.Throughoutagiventrip,bothbigandsmalldecisionsyoumakecanaffectalotthetotalamountofgreenhousegasemissions(排放)producedbyyourholiday.___16___?Herearesometipsonenjoyinga“green”holiday.·Keepitlightonluggage(行李).Everysingleextrakiloyoucarryarounddrivesupemissions.___17___.Packing(收拾行李)withpurposecanactivelycutyourcarbonfootprint.Soyoucantravelwithamorethoughtful,lighterbag.It’sasmallchangethatcanmakeabigdifference.·Explorewithcare.___18___.Insteadoffightingtraffic,youmightfindhiddentreasuresbychance,andyou’remorelikelytomeetnewpeople.Thishabitcanconnectyouwiththecityyou’revisitingandhelpyouknowthecitybetter.·___19___.Beabigbelieverinaskingquestions,especiallywhenitcomestoahotel’simpactonpeopleandtheplanet.Askyourhoteltosharehowitsourcesrenewableenergy,saveswater,andmanageswaste.Ifthehotelcan’tshowproofofsimilaraction,keepdigging.Themorewe,astourists,asksimilarquestions,themoretheindustrywillmovetowardresponsiblepractices.·Doyourparttoprotectthelocalcommunity.Volunteerforabeachclean-up,joinareforestationproject,orjustpickuprubbishasyoutravel.Evensuchsmalleffortscanhelpprotectnaturalbeautyforfuturegenerations.___20___.A.Askaboutyourhotel’scarbonfootprintB.WhatdoyouthinkofthebenefitsofthemC.DosomethingbigtomakeothersawareoftheproblemD.SohowcanwemakeadifferencewhenheadingonholidayE.What’smore,itslowsyoudownwhenyouexploreanewcityF.Changingfromtaxistobikesmeansyou’rekindtotheenvironmentG.Youractionsmakeyourtripmeaningfullongafteryou’vegonehome【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.A20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章分享了實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)保旅行的實(shí)用建議。【16題詳析】前文“Throughoutagiventrip,bothbigandsmalldecisionsyoumakecanaffectalotthetotalamountofgreenhousegasemissions(排放)producedbyyourholiday.(在一次旅行中，你所做的大大小小的決定都會對你假期產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放總量產(chǎn)生很大的影響)”提到旅行中的決策會影響碳排放，后文“Herearesometipsonenjoyinga“green”holiday.(這里有一些享受“綠色”假期的建議)”給出具體建議，此處需一個問句引出綠色旅行的主題，因此D項(xiàng)“Sohowcanwemakeadifferencewhenheadingonholiday(那么，我們?nèi)绾卧诙燃贂r做出改變呢)”符合語境，承前啟后。故選D。【17題詳析】前文“Keepitlightonluggage(行李).Everysingleextrakiloyoucarryarounddrivesupemissions.(行李要輕便。你每多帶一公斤就會增加排放)”建議輕裝出行，指出行李過多的一個弊端，因此E項(xiàng)“What’smore,itslowsyoudownwhenyouexploreanewcity(此外，這也會拖慢你探索新城市的腳步)”符合語境，補(bǔ)充說明行李過多的另一弊端，承接前文。故選E?！?8題詳析】后文“Insteadoffightingtraffic,youmightfindhiddentreasuresbychance,andyou’remorelikelytomeetnewpeople.(你可能會偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)隱藏的寶藏，而不是與交通擁堵作斗爭，你也更有可能結(jié)識新朋友)”提到避開擁堵交通、偶遇隱藏景點(diǎn)和便于交友三個好處，因此F項(xiàng)“Changingfromtaxistobikesmeansyou’rekindtotheenvironment(從打車改為騎車意味著你對環(huán)境更友好)”符合語境，指出騎車出行更環(huán)保，后一句是騎車出行其他的好處。故選F。【19題詳析】后文“Beabigbelieverinaskingquestions,especiallywhenitcomestoahotel’simpactonpeopleandtheplanet.Askyourhoteltosharehowitsourcesrenewableenergy,saveswater,andmanageswaste.Ifthehotelcan’tshowproofofsimilaraction,keepdigging.(堅(jiān)持問問題，尤其是當(dāng)酒店對人類和地球的影響時。要求你的酒店分享如何使用可再生能源、節(jié)約用水和管理廢物。如果酒店不能提供類似行為的證據(jù)，那就繼續(xù)調(diào)查)”詳細(xì)說明如何詢問酒店的環(huán)保措施，此處作為段首句，應(yīng)建議了解酒店的環(huán)保情況，因此A項(xiàng)“Askaboutyourhotel’scarbonfootprint(詢問酒店的碳足跡情況)”符合語境，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容。故選A。【20題詳析】前文“Evensuchsmalleffortscanhelpprotectnaturalbeautyforfuturegenerations.(即使是這樣的小努力也可以為子孫后代保護(hù)自然美景)”強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的長期價值，因此G項(xiàng)“Youractionsmakeyourtripmeaningfullongafteryou’vegonehome(你的行動會讓旅行的意義延續(xù)至歸家之后)”符合語境，總結(jié)這種持續(xù)性影響，承接前文。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。VirginiaSquierchaperoned(陪伴)agroupofmiddleschoolstudentsonatourofEngland.She___21___alongherdaughter,Chambers,whowaseightyearsoldatthetime.Thatday,Squier,herdaughterandtheschoolgroupjustgotoffthetrainintheLondonUndergroundandstoodonaplatform(站臺)getting___22___toheadtotheirnextdestination.Itwas5pmandthestationwas___23___.SquiertookholdofChambers’handandbegan___24___herstudents.Justthen,a___25___arrivedattheplatform.“___26___,mydaughterletgoofmyhand,jumpedonthetrain,andthedoorsbeganto___27___,”Squiersaid.“Asthetraingathered___28___,Iranalongsidetryingtoforcethedooropen.Ontheothersideoftheglass,Icouldseemydaughter’s___29___face.”Thelast___30___SquiersawbeforethetrainpulledoutofthestationwasChamberscrying.Behindher,ayoungman___31___fromhisseatandstartedmovingtowardChambers.Shocked,Squier___32___aworkeratthestationforhelp,butshefoundtheworkerwasnotanativeEnglishspeaker,whichmadeexplaininghersituation___33___.About10minuteslater,oneofherstudentsshouted,“She’sback!”Theyoungmanonthetrainsawwhathadhappened.HecomfortedChambersand___34___heroffthetrainatthenextstop.Theythen___35___anothertrainheadedbacktohermother.21.A.looked B.worked C.sang D.brought22.A.ready B.willing C.nervous D.messy23.A.cold B.artistic C.crowded D.empty24.A.praising B.counting C.lecturing D.protecting25.A.train B.taxi C.car D.bus26.A.Finally B.Slowly C.Suddenly D.Naturally27.A.close B.open C.break D.shake28.A.force B.heat C.power D.speed29.A.frightened B.satisfied C.interested D.bored30.A.event B.sight C.accident D.race31.A.escaped B.retired C.cried D.rose32.A.referredto B.pickedup C.turnedto D.wokeup33.A.orderly B.acceptable C.joyous D.difficult34.A.pushed B.guided C.watched D.greeted35.A.booked B.missed C.boarded D.stopped【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.B25.A26.C27.A28.D29.A30.B31.D32.C33.D34.B35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Squier帶著8歲女兒Chambers和學(xué)生們在倫敦地鐵站時，女兒突然跳上即將關(guān)閉的列車，幸得好心乘客幫助，在下一站下車并安全返回?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她帶著當(dāng)時8歲的女兒Chambers同行。A.looked看；B.worked工作；C.sang唱歌；D.brought帶來。根據(jù)上文“VirginiaSquierchaperoned(陪伴)agroupofmiddleschoolstudentsonatourofEngland.”可知，Squier是在陪同中學(xué)生到英國旅游時，帶著自己的女兒同行。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那天，Squier、她的女兒和學(xué)校的學(xué)生們剛從倫敦地鐵下了車，站在站臺上準(zhǔn)備前往下一個目的地。A.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；B.willing愿意的；C.nervous緊張的；D.messy凌亂的。根據(jù)上文“stoodonaplatform(站臺)”和下文“headtotheirnextdestination”可知，他們一行人是站在地鐵站臺上，準(zhǔn)備前往下一個目的地，短語getreadytodo意為“準(zhǔn)備做某事”。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)時是下午5點(diǎn)，車站里擠滿了人。A.cold寒冷的；B.artistic藝術(shù)的；C.crowded擁擠的；D.empty空的。根據(jù)上文“Itwas5pm”及生活常識可知，下午5點(diǎn)是地鐵出行的高峰期，車站里應(yīng)該是擠滿了人。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Squier抓住Chambers的手，開始數(shù)她的學(xué)生。A.praising贊美；B.counting數(shù)數(shù)；C.lecturing講課；D.protecting保護(hù)。根據(jù)上文“VirginiaSquierchaperoned(陪伴)agroupofmiddleschoolstudentsonatourofEngland.”和“Thatday,Squier,herdaughterandtheschoolgroupjustgotoffthetrainintheLondonUnderground”可知，他們一行人是在外旅游，此時在地鐵站臺上，身為陪同人員的Squier應(yīng)該是數(shù)她的學(xué)生，確保沒有人走失。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時，一輛列車到站了。A.train列車；B.taxi出租車；C.car汽車；D.bus公交車。根據(jù)下文“mydaughterletgoofmyhand,jumpedonthetrain”可知，Chambers跳上了列車，因此是一輛列車到站了。故選A。【26題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“突然，我的女兒放開了我的手，跳上了列車，車門開始關(guān)閉，”Squier說。A.Finally最后；B.Slowly慢慢地；C.Suddenly突然地；D.Naturally自然地。根據(jù)上文“SquiertookholdofChambers’hand”和下文“mydaughterletgoofmyhand,jumpedonthetrain”可知，原本Squier抓著Chambers的手，Chambers放開Squier的手，跳上列車應(yīng)該是突然間發(fā)生的事。故選C。【27題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“突然，我的女兒放開了我的手，跳上了列車，車門開始關(guān)閉，”Squier說。A.close關(guān)閉；B.open打開；C.break打破；D.shake搖晃。根據(jù)下文“Iranalongsidetryingtoforcethedooropen”可知，Squier試圖強(qiáng)行打開車門，因此車門是開始關(guān)閉。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著列車加速，我跑到旁邊，試圖強(qiáng)行打開車門。A.force力量；B.heat熱量；C.power權(quán)力；D.speed速度。根據(jù)下文“beforethetrainpulledoutofthestation”可知，后來列車駛出車站，結(jié)合生活常識可知，地鐵列車等乘客上去后會慢慢加速，駛出車站，短語gatherspeed意為“加速”。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在玻璃的另一邊，我可以看到我女兒害怕的臉。A.frightened害怕的；B.satisfied滿意的；C.interested感興趣的；D.bored無聊的。根據(jù)下文“Thelast______SquiersawbeforethetrainpulledoutofthestationwasChamberscrying.”可知，列車駛出車站前，Chambers在哭泣，因此Squier看到的是她害怕的臉。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Squier在列車駛出車站前看到的最后一個景象是Chambers在哭泣。A.event事件；B.sight景象；C.accident事故；D.race比賽。根據(jù)下文“Chamberscrying”可知，Chambers在哭泣是Squier看到的最后一個景象。故選B?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在她身后，一個年輕人從座位上站起來，開始向Chambers走去。A.escaped逃脫；B.retired退休；C.cried哭泣；D.rose起身。根據(jù)下文“fromhisseatandstartedmovingtowardChambers”可知，原本坐著的年輕人是從座位上站起來，再向Chambers走去，短語risefrom意為“從……站起來”。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：Squier震驚了，她向車站的一名工作人員求助，但她發(fā)現(xiàn)這名工作人員的母語不是英語，這讓她很難解釋自己的處境。A.referredto提到；B.pickedup撿起，學(xué)會；C.turnedto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于；D.wokeup醒來。根據(jù)下文“aworkeratthestationforhelp”可知，Squier是向車站的一名工作人員求助，短語turntosb.forhelp意為“向某人求助”。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Squier震驚了，她向車站的一名工作人員求助，但她發(fā)現(xiàn)這名工作人員的母語不是英語，這讓她很難解釋自己的處境。A.orderly有序的；B.acceptable可接受的；C.joyous快樂的；D.difficult困難的。根據(jù)上文“theworkerwasnotanativeEnglishspeaker”可知，這名工作人員的母語不是英語，因此Squier很難解釋自己的處境。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他安慰Chambers，并引導(dǎo)她在下一站下車。A.pushed推；B.guided引導(dǎo)；C.watched觀看；D.greeted問候。根據(jù)上文“HecomfortedChambers”可知，年輕人安慰Chambers，他很友善，因此會引導(dǎo)坐錯車的她在下一站下車。故選B。【35題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他們登上了另一輛開往她母親的列車。A.booked預(yù)訂；B.missed錯過；C.boarded登上；D.stopped停止。根據(jù)上文“About10minuteslater,oneofherstudentsshouted,“She’sback!””可知，Chambers在年輕人的幫助下坐車回來了，因此兩人是登上了另一輛開往她母親的列車。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。QingmingFestivalisatraditionalChineseholiday___36___(observe)torememberancestors(祖先)andhonourthedead.FallingaroundearlyApril,Qingminghasgreatcultural___37___(important)inChinesesociety.The___38___(tradition)ofQingmingFestivalwerenotformedovernight;instead,theycamefromtheColdFoodFestivalandasadstoryaboutJieZitui,afollowerofDukeWenfromthestateofJinduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.WhenDukeWenwasinexile(流放),JieZituihelpedhimsurvive.Wenwassomovedthathepromised___39___(reward)Jieoneday.However,Jiewasnotthetypeofperson___40___soughtrewards.Later,Wenbecametherulerandrewardedhisfollowers.However,JieZituirefusedanyrewardandmovedtoamountain.WhenWen___41___(eventual)discoveredJie’swhereabouts,heorderedhisarmytosettheforestonfire,forcingJieout.Whenthefirestopped,Jie___42___(find)deadunderaburntwillowtree.Inmemory___43___Jie,WenannouncedthatnofiresshouldbelitonthedayofJie’sdeathandpeopleshouldeatcoldfood,___44___(give)risetotheColdFoodFestival.Atfirst,onlythestateofJinfollowedthiscustom,butlater,____45____festivalspreadacrossChina.【答案】36.observed37.importance38.traditions39.toreward40.who/that41.eventually42.wasfound43.of44.giving45.the【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了清明節(jié)由寒食節(jié)演變而來，其核心習(xí)俗與紀(jì)念春秋時期介子推的忠義事跡密切相關(guān)。【36題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：清明節(jié)是中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，用以緬懷祖先、祭奠逝者。句子已有謂語，空處是非謂語，作holiday的后置定語，observe“慶?！焙蚳oliday邏輯上是動賓關(guān)系，因此用observe的過去分詞形式。故填observed。【37題詳析】考查名詞。句意：它通常在四月初到來，在中國社會具有重要的文化意義。空處作has的賓語，被great和cultural修飾，名詞importance符合題意，意為“重要性”，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填importance?！?8題詳析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：清明節(jié)的習(xí)俗并非一蹴而就，而是源于寒食節(jié)以及春秋時期晉國忠臣介子推的悲壯故事?？仗幾髦髡Z，根據(jù)“were”可知，可數(shù)名詞tradition“傳統(tǒng)”應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填traditions。【39題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：晉文公深受感動，承諾日后重賞介子推。promisetodosth.為固定搭配，表示“承諾做某事”，空處應(yīng)用reward“獎賞”的不定式形式。故填toreward?！?0題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：但介子推淡泊名利。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞person，先行詞指人，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who或that作引導(dǎo)詞。故填who或that?！?1題詳析】考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)晉文公最終發(fā)現(xiàn)介子推蹤跡時，竟令士兵焚山逼其出山?？仗幮揎梽釉~discovered，副詞eventually符合題意，意為“最終”。故填eventually?！?2題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：火熄后，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)介子推已抱柳而亡。空處作句子的謂語，根據(jù)“Whenthefirestopped”可知，此處在敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時，find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”和主語Jie之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且主語是單數(shù)，be動詞應(yīng)用was。故填wasfound。【43題詳析】考查介詞。句意：為紀(jì)念他，晉文公下令其忌日禁火食冷，由此