云南省保山市2025屆高三下學(xué)期4月復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1云南省保山市2025屆高三下學(xué)期4月復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該選項(xiàng)涂黑。AThelatestAImodelsarethrivinginacompetitivebattlefield,manyofwhichareshapingorreshapingourpresentorfuturelife.Yoursmartchoicematterswhentacklingyourchallengesinlifewisely.DeepSeekDevelopedbyChinesescientistsin2022,DeepSeekspecializesinlogicalreasoningforscientificresearchthroughdomain-specifictraining.Itsdatabaseintegrates8millionacademicpapersandexperimentaldatasetsacrossphysics,chemistry,andbiology.Unlikegeneralchatbots,itemploysreinforcementlearningtosimulate100+iterationsofsolutions,optimizingoutcomesinfieldslikecancerdrugdevelopmentandextremeweatherprediction.OpenAIBestknownforChatGPT,OpenAIpioneersmultimodal(多模態(tài)的)interactionscombiningtext,images,andvoicesince2023.Trainedon300billionwebpagesspanning45languages,itadaptstoregionaldialectsandculturalreferenceseffortlessly.Its“RLHF”systemupdatesdailyusing10millionuserratingstorefineresponses.Despiteconversationalfluency,itsknowledgecutoffinOctober2023causeserrorsincurrentevents—forexample,incorrectlydescribing2024electioncandidates.GoogleGeminiLaunchedin2023,Geminiintegratesreal-timesearchenginedatawith500millionverifiedsources.Its“chain-of-thought”featuredisplaysreasoningstepslikeamathteacherexplainingequations,boostingstudentcomprehensionby33%intrials.Uniqueamongrivals,GeminicitessourcesthroughhyperlinkstojournalslikeNatureandBBCNews.Privacyadvocatescriticizeitsdatacollectionpractices.MetaLLAMAMeta’s2023open-sourceLLAMAmodelallowsdeveloperstocustomizeitscodefornicheapplications,fromK-poplyricgenerationtolegalcontractanalysis.Trainedon50languagesincludingSwahiliandBasque,itassistsUNESCOinpreservingendangereddialectsbutmakeserrorsinmedicalterminology.Thelightweightversionoperatesofflineonsmartphones,enablingfarmersinremoteareastoaccessagriculturaladvicewithoutInternet.1.WhichAImodelismostsuitableforresearchonmedicine?A.DeepSeek. B.OpenAI. C.GoogleGemini. D.MetaLLAMA．2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutOpenAI?A.Itcangeneratevividvideositself.B.It’savailableforthenewestdata.C.ItonceaccuratelypredictedtheUSelection.D.Differentregionallanguagescanbedealtwith.3.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthisarticle?A.ToadvertisethelatestAIproducts.B.TocomparetechnicalfeaturesofAImodels.C.TodiscussmoralissuesinAIdevelopment.D.Topredictfuturetrendsinmachinelearning.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了DeepSeek、OpenAI、GoogleGemini和MetaLLAMA這四種AI模型的特點(diǎn)及其應(yīng)用場景?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DeepSeek部分中“Itsdatabaseintegrates8millionacademicpapersandexperimentaldatasetsacrossphysics,chemistry,andbiology.Unlikegeneralchatbots,itemploysreinforcementlearningtosimulate100+iterationsofsolutions,optimizingoutcomesinfieldslikecancerdrugdevelopmentandextremeweatherprediction.(其數(shù)據(jù)庫整合了物理、化學(xué)和生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的800萬篇學(xué)術(shù)論文和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)集。與一般的聊天機(jī)器人不同，它采用強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)來模擬100多種解決方案的迭代，優(yōu)化癌癥藥物開發(fā)和極端天氣預(yù)報等領(lǐng)域的成果。)”可知，DeepSeek的數(shù)據(jù)庫整合了物理、化學(xué)和生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的800萬篇學(xué)術(shù)論文和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)集，并且采用強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)來模擬解決方案的迭代，優(yōu)化癌癥藥物開發(fā)等領(lǐng)域的成果，所以DeepSeek最適合醫(yī)學(xué)研究。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OpenAI部分中“Trainedon300billionwebpagesspanning45languages,itadaptstoregionaldialectsandculturalreferenceseffortlessly.(它接受了45種語言的3000億個網(wǎng)頁的訓(xùn)練，可以毫不費(fèi)力地適應(yīng)地方方言和文化參考。)”可知，OpenAI可以毫不費(fèi)力地適應(yīng)地方方言和文化參考，由此可推知，OpenAI可以處理不同的地區(qū)語言。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“ThelatestAImodelsarethrivinginacompetitivebattlefield,manyofwhichareshapingorreshapingourpresentorfuturelife.Yoursmartchoicematterswhentacklingyourchallengesinlifewisely.(最新的人工智能模型正在競爭激烈的戰(zhàn)場上蓬勃發(fā)展，其中許多正在塑造或重塑我們的現(xiàn)在或未來生活。當(dāng)你明智地應(yīng)對生活中的挑戰(zhàn)時，你的明智選擇很重要。)”可知，文章主要介紹了DeepSeek、OpenAI、GoogleGemini和MetaLLAMA這四種最新的人工智能模型，包括它們的特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)勢和不足等，由此可推知，文章的主要目的是比較人工智能模型的技術(shù)特征。故選B。BWhen16-year-oldMiastoodbackstageclutching(緊握)herguitar,herpalmsweresweaty.Shecouldn’theartheaudience’schatter,butshefeltthewoodenfloorvibrate(振動)beneathherfeet—asensethathadbecomehercompassinasilentworld.Mialost80%ofherhearingafteraseverefeverat12．Music,onceherrefuge,seemedanimpossibledreamuntilhermusicteacherMrs.Carterhandedheraguitar.“Thevibrationstravelthroughyourbones,”Mrs.Carterexplained,placingMia’sfingersontheinstrument’sbodyassheplayedavibratingCnote.Forthefirsttimeinyears,Mia’sfacelitup—shefeltthemusic.Practicingwastiring.Whileclassmatesreliedonsoundtotunetheirinstruments,Miamemorizedstringtensionsbytouch.Shepressedhercheekagainsttheguitar’ssmoothsurfacetodetectmistakes,herfingertipsdevelopingcalluses(老繭)thickerthanherpeers’.Duringlunchbreaks,she’dsitaloneinthepracticeroom,repeatingdegreesofsounduntilthevibrationsrecordedthemselvesinhermusclememory.Theturningpointcameduringaschooltalentshowrehearsal.Mia’sperformanceofEdelweissaccidentallymadetwomistakes.ClassmateJakemurmured,“What’sthepointifshecan’tevenhearherself?”Mrs.Carterinterruptedsharply,“Shefeelsthemusicdeeperthananyofyou.”Thatnight,Miastayedlate,herguitarplayinggentlyundertremblinghandsuntilherpeerspolitelyaskedhertoleave.Onperformancenight,Mia’sheartracedasshesteppedintothespotlight.Closinghereyes,sheletherhandsdanceacrossthestrings.Theguitartrembledagainstherchestlikealivingthing.Whenshefinished,thehallerupted—notinaudibleapplause,butinstampingfeetthatsentjoyousbeatingsthroughthestage.TearswelledupinMia’seyesasshebowed,realizingshe’dfinallybridgedthegapbetweensilenceandmusicalteam.4.WhydidMrs.CarterchooseaguitarforMia?A.Itwastheeasiestinstrumentforbeginners.B.Itsvibrationscouldbephysicallyperceived.C.Theschoollackedothermusicalequipment.D.Miahadshownprevioustalentininstruments.5.WhichadjectivebestdescribesMia’scharacter?A.Competitive. B.Intelligent. C.Determined. D.Honest.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutMia’sfuture?A.Shewillswitchtovisualarts.B.Sheintendstoproveherabilities.C.Sheplanstoteachhealthystudents.D.Shemightpursuemusicprofessionally.7.Whatisthemainthemeofthearticle?A.Thechallengesofthesilentworld.B.Physicallimitationsnevermatter.C.Theimportanceofmusictrainingdaily.D.Howtechnologyhelpsdisabledmusicians.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了失聰女孩米婭在卡特太太的幫助下，通過練習(xí)吉他，克服重重困難，最終在舞臺上完美演奏的故事?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中““Thevibrationstravelthroughyourbones,”Mrs.Carterexplained,placingMia’sfingersontheinstrument’sbodyassheplayedavibratingCnote.Forthefirsttimeinyears,Mia’sfacelitup—shefeltthemusic.(“振動會通過你的骨頭傳播?！笨ㄌ胤蛉私忉尩?。她一邊彈奏著發(fā)出振動的C調(diào)音符，一邊把米婭的手指放在樂器的共鳴箱上。多年來，米婭的臉上第一次露出了喜色——她感受到了音樂的存在)”可知，卡特太太給米婭選了一把吉他，因?yàn)榧恼饎涌梢酝ㄟ^身體感知到。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Practicingwastiring.Whileclassmatesreliedonsoundtotunetheirinstruments,Miamemorizedstringtensionsbytouch.Shepressedhercheekagainsttheguitar’ssmoothsurfacetodetectmistakes,herfingertipsdevelopingcalluses(老繭)thickerthanherpeers’.Duringlunchbreaks,she’dsitaloneinthepracticeroom,repeatingdegreesofsounduntilthevibrationsrecordedthemselvesinhermusclememory.(練習(xí)很累人。當(dāng)同學(xué)們靠聲音來調(diào)整樂器時，米婭則靠觸覺來記憶琴弦的張力。她把臉頰貼在吉他光滑的表面上，以發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，她的指尖比同齡人長出了更厚的老繭。午餐休息時，她會獨(dú)自坐在練習(xí)室里，重復(fù)著各種音階，直到震動被記錄在她的肌肉記憶中)”可知，米婭練習(xí)吉他很辛苦，但她沒有放棄，而是堅持練習(xí)，由此可推知，米婭的性格很堅定。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Closinghereyes,sheletherhandsdanceacrossthestrings.Theguitartrembledagainstherchestlikealivingthing.Whenshefinished,thehallerupted—notinaudibleapplause,butinstampingfeetthatsentjoyousbeatingsthroughthestage.TearswelledupinMia’seyesasshebowed,realizingshe’dfinallybridgedthegapbetweensilenceandmusicalteam.(她閉上眼睛，讓雙手在琴弦上舞動。吉他像活物一樣在她胸前顫抖。當(dāng)她演奏完時，大廳里爆發(fā)出一陣響聲——不是掌聲，而是跺腳聲，跺腳聲讓舞臺上充滿了歡樂的節(jié)奏。米婭鞠躬時，淚水涌上了她的眼眶，她意識到自己終于跨越了沉默和音樂團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的鴻溝)”可知，米婭克服了重重困難，最終在舞臺上完美地演奏了吉他，贏得了觀眾的認(rèn)可，由此可推知，米婭將來可能會從事音樂事業(yè)。故選D。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“When16-year-oldMiastoodbackstageclutching(緊握)herguitar,herpalmsweresweaty.Shecouldn’theartheaudience’schatter,butshefeltthewoodenfloorvibrate(振動)beneathherfeet—asensethathadbecomehercompassinasilentworld.(當(dāng)16歲的米婭站在后臺緊握著吉他時，她的手掌都出汗了。她聽不到觀眾的談話，但她能感覺到腳下的木地板在震動——這種震動在無聲的世界里成了她的指南針)”和最后一段中“TearswelledupinMia’seyesasshebowed,realizingshe’dfinallybridgedthegapbetweensilenceandmusicalteam.(米婭鞠躬時，淚水涌上了她的眼眶，她意識到自己終于跨越了沉默和音樂團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的鴻溝)”可知，文章主要講述了失聰女孩米婭在卡特太太的幫助下，通過練習(xí)吉他，克服重重困難，最終在舞臺上完美演奏的故事，米婭雖然身體有缺陷，但依然沒有放棄，而是通過努力取得了成功，由此可知，文章的主要主題是“身體上的限制從來都不重要”。故選B。COwningapet,likeadogorcat,especiallyforfiveyearsorlonger,maybelinkedtoslowercognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineinolderadults,accordingtoarecentlypublishedstudy.“Previousstudieshavesuggestedthatthehuman-animalbondmayhavehealthbenefitslikedecreasingbloodpressureandstress,”saidstudyauthorTiffanyBraley.“Ourresultssuggestpetownershipmayalsobeprotectiveagainstcognitivedecline.”Thestudylookedatcognitivedatafrom1,369olderadultswithanaverageageof65whohadnormalcognitiveskillsatthestartofthestudy.Atotalof53%ownedpets,and32%werelong-termpetowners—peoplewhoownedpetsforfiveyearsormore.Ofthestudyparticipants,88%werewhite,7%wereblack,2%wereHispanicand3%wereofanotherrace.Thesamplingstrategiesenhancedresultreliability.ResearchersuseddatafromtheHealthandRetirementStudy.Inthatstudy,peopleweregivenseveralcognitivetests.Researchersusedthosecognitiveteststodevelopacomposite(綜合的)cognitivescoreforeachperson,rangingfromzeroto27.Thecompositescoreincludedcommontestsofsubtraction(減法),numericcountingandwordrecall.Researchersthenusedparticipants’compositecognitivescoresandevaluatedtheassociationsbetweenyearsofpetownershipandcognitivefunction.Oversixyears,cognitivescoresdecreasedataslowerrateinpetowners.Thisdifferencewasthestrongestamonglong-termpetowners.Takingintoaccountotherfactorsknowntoaffectcognitivefunction,thestudyshowedthatlong-termpetowners,onaverage,hadacognitivecompositescorethatwas1.2pointshighercomparedtonon-petowners.Theresearchersalsofoundthecognitivebenefitsassociatedwithlongerpetownershipwerestrongerforblackadults,college-educatedadultsandmen.“Asstresscannegativelyaffectcognitivefunction,thepotentialstress-reducingeffectsofpetownershipcouldprovidealogicalreasonforourfindings,”saidBraley.“Acompanionanimalcanalsoincreasephysicalactivity,whichcouldbenefitcognitivehealth.Thatsaid,moreresearchisneededtoconfirmourresultsandidentifypossiblereasonsforthisassociation.”8.What’sthefindingofTiffanyBraley’sstudy?A.Bothdogsandcatsmakeperfectpets.B.Themorepetspeoplekeep,thebetter.C.Owningpetsmayhelpkeepyourbrainsharp.D.Petsreducestressthroughcompanionshipbonds.9.Whywereparticipantschosenfromdifferentraces?A.Tomakeresearchdataavailable.B.ToevaluatetheIQofdifferentraces.C.Toclassifydifferentpersonalpreferences.D.Toguaranteeaccurateresearchfindings.10.Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph5?A.Longerpetownershipisrewarding.B.Petscanenabletheelderlytolivelonger.C.Long-termpetownersaregreatinleadership.D.Blackcollege-educatedadultsunnecessarilyneedpets.11.Whatwillbestudiedinthecontinuedresearch?A.Pettypes’healthimpacts.B.Age-basedbenefitsofpets.C.Stress-brainchemistryrelationship.D.Explorethelinkbetweenfindingsandcauses.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)最近發(fā)表的研究表明養(yǎng)寵物（如狗或貓）尤其是養(yǎng)五年或更長時間，可能與老年人認(rèn)知能力下降速度較慢有關(guān)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Owningapet,likeadogorcat,especiallyforfiveyearsorlonger,maybelinkedtoslowercognitive(認(rèn)知的)declineinolderadults,accordingtoarecentlypublishedstudy.(根據(jù)最近發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究，養(yǎng)寵物，比如狗或貓，尤其是養(yǎng)寵物5年或更長時間，可能與老年人認(rèn)知能力下降較慢有關(guān))”以及第二段“Ourresultssuggestpetownershipmayalsobeprotectiveagainstcognitivedecline.(我們的研究結(jié)果表明，養(yǎng)寵物也可能有助于防止認(rèn)知能力下降)”可知，TiffanyBraley的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)養(yǎng)寵物可能有助于保持大腦敏銳。故選C。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ofthestudyparticipants,88%werewhite,7%wereblack,2%wereHispanicand3%wereofanotherrace.Thesamplingstrategiesenhancedresultreliability.(在研究參與者中，88%是白人，7%是黑人，2%是西班牙裔，3%是其他種族。抽樣策略提高了結(jié)果的可靠性)”可知，選擇不同種族的參與者是為了保證研究結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Oversixyears,cognitivescoresdecreasedataslowerrateinpetowners.Thisdifferencewasthestrongestamonglong-termpetowners.Takingintoaccountotherfactorsknowntoaffectcognitivefunction,thestudyshowedthatlong-termpetowners,onaverage,hadacognitivecompositescorethatwas1.2pointshighercomparedtonon-petowners.(在六年的時間里，養(yǎng)寵物者的認(rèn)知得分下降的速度較慢。這種差異在長期養(yǎng)寵物者中最為明顯?？紤]到其他已知會影響認(rèn)知功能的因素，研究表明，與非養(yǎng)寵物者相比，長期養(yǎng)寵物者的平均認(rèn)知綜合得分要高出1.2分)”可推知，第五段主要說明了長期養(yǎng)寵物是有益的。故選A?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thatsaid,moreresearchisneededtoconfirmourresultsandidentifypossiblereasonsforthisassociation.(也就是說，還需要更多的研究來證實(shí)我們的結(jié)果，并找出這種關(guān)聯(lián)的可能原因)”可推知，在后續(xù)的研究中，將探索研究結(jié)果和原因之間的聯(lián)系。故選D。DThe21stcenturyhaswitnessedincomparableprogressinspaceexploration.China’sChang’e-6mission,landingonthemoon’sfarsidein2024,collectedrocksamplescontainingrarehelium-3,whichcoulddrivecarbon-freeapplicationsinpowerplants,lunarenergynetworks,andspacetravel,withminimalradioactivewasteandabundantlunarresources.Meanwhile,NASA’sArtemisprogramisconstructingalunarbasetotesttechnologieslike3D-printedhabitatsandwaterrecyclingsystems,essentialforfutureMarscolonization.Privatefirmsalsocontribute:SpaceX’sStarshipreducedlaunchcostsby70%,enablinguniversitiestodeploymini-satellitesfortrackingclimatechange.AmilestonediscoverycamefromMars.NASA’sPerseveranceroverconfirmedvastwatericedepositsbeneaththeplanet’ssurface—criticalforproducingoxygenandrocketfuel.However,long-termspacehabitationfaceshurdles.Exposuretoradiationinspaceduringthe6-monthMarsjourneycoulddamageastronauts’DNA,increasingcancerrisks.Additionally,over900,000piecesofspacedebris(碎片)largerthan1cmorbitEarth,threateningsatellites.In2025,Japan’sJAXAlaunchedalaser-equippedsatellitetovaporize(汽化)smalldebris,whiletheEU’sClearSpace-2missionwilluseroboticnetstocapturelargepieces.Globalcooperationacceleratesbreakthroughs.TheChina-RussiaLunarResearchStation,plannedfor2035,willstudylunarsoilforfarmingexperiments.India’sAditya-L1satellitecooperateswithNASAtomonitorsolarstormsthatdamageEarth’spowernetwork.PublicengagementgrowsthroughinitiativeslikeNASA’s“MarsVR,”allowingstudentstovirtuallyexplorelandscapesofMarsandanalyzegeologicaldata.Criticsquestionthecosts—$150billionspentannuallyworldwide—arguingfundsshouldaddresspovertyorclimatecrises.Yet,spaceresearchhasboostedlife-savingtechnologies:MRIscannersgeneratedfromApollo-eraimagingsystems,andwaterpurificationmethodsusedindesertscamefromspacecraftrecycling.Ashumanityeyesstartostartravel,balancingexplorationwithEarth’sneedswilldefineouruniversalheritage.12.Whatishelium-3’spotentialuse?A.Satelliteproduction. B.Cleanenergy.C.Medicalresearch. D.Plantfarming.13.WhyisMars’watericeimportant?A.Itcoolsengines. B.Itpreventsradiation.C.Itattractstourists. D.Itaidsspacemissions.14.HowdoesJapandealwithspacedebris?A.Usingroboticnets.B.Recyclingmaterials.C.Capturingusedsatellites.D.Turningthemintowaterydust.15.Howisthetextorganized?A.Question-explanation-suggestion. B.Theory-practice-evaluation.C.Achievement-problem-solution. D.Situation-response-result.【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.C【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了21世紀(jì)太空探索的進(jìn)展、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及全球合作在太空探索中的作用，同時回應(yīng)了批評者對太空探索成本的質(zhì)疑。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“China’sChang’e-6mission,landingonthemoon’sfarsidein2024,collectedrocksamplescontainingrarehelium-3,whichcoulddrivecarbon-freeapplicationsinpowerplants,lunarenergynetworks,andspacetravel,withminimalradioactivewasteandabundantlunarresources.(中國的嫦娥六號探測器于2024年在月球背面著陸，采集了含有稀有氦-3的巖石樣本，這些樣本可以推動電廠、月球能源網(wǎng)絡(luò)和太空旅行中的無碳應(yīng)用，產(chǎn)生的放射性廢物極少，且月球資源豐富)”可知，氦-3的潛在用途是作為清潔能源。故選B。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“NASA’sPerseveranceroverconfirmedvastwatericedepositsbeneaththeplanet’ssurface—criticalforproducingoxygenandrocketfuel.(美國國家航空航天局的“毅力號”火星車證實(shí)，火星表面下方存在大量水冰沉積物，這對生產(chǎn)氧氣和火箭燃料至關(guān)重要)”可知，火星上的水冰之所以重要，是因?yàn)樗兄谔杖蝿?wù)。故選D?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In2025,Japan’sJAXAlaunchedalaser-equippedsatellitetovaporize(汽化)smalldebris,whiletheEU’sClearSpace-2missionwilluseroboticnetstocapturelargepieces.(2025年，日本宇宙航空研究開發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)射了一顆配備激光的衛(wèi)星，用于汽化小型碎片，而歐盟的ClearSpace-2任務(wù)將使用機(jī)器人網(wǎng)捕獲大型碎片)”可知，日本用激光衛(wèi)星把太空碎片汽化成水汽狀物質(zhì)，從而解決太空碎片問題。故選D?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“The21stcenturyhaswitnessedincomparableprogressinspaceexploration.(21世紀(jì)見證了太空探索領(lǐng)域無與倫比的進(jìn)步)”；第二段“However,long-termspacehabitationfaceshurdles.Exposuretoradiationinspaceduringthe6-monthMarsjourneycoulddamageastronauts’DNA,increasingcancerrisks.Additionally,over900,000piecesofspacedebris(碎片)largerthan1cmorbitEarth,threateningsatellites.(然而，長期太空居住面臨障礙。在為期6個月的火星之旅中，暴露在太空輻射中可能會損害宇航員的DNA，增加患癌風(fēng)險。此外，超過90萬塊直徑超過1厘米的太空碎片在地球軌道上運(yùn)行，對衛(wèi)星構(gòu)成威脅)”以及第三段“In2025,Japan’sJAXAlaunchedalaser-equippedsatellitetovaporize(汽化)smalldebris,whiletheEU’sClearSpace-2missionwilluseroboticnetstocapturelargepieces.(2025年，日本宇宙航空研究開發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)射了一顆配備激光的衛(wèi)星，用于汽化小型碎片，而歐盟的ClearSpace-2任務(wù)將使用機(jī)器人網(wǎng)捕獲大型碎片)”可知，文章先介紹了太空探索的成就，接著提出了太空探索面臨的問題，最后給出了解決方案。由此可推知，文章是按照“成就——問題——解決方案”的結(jié)構(gòu)來組織的。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。StayingFocused:StrategiesandInsightsWhenwewerestudents,manyofuswerelikelytoldtostopdaydreamingandfocus.____16____However,understandingthecausesofdistractionandlearninghowtostayfocusedcanbebeneficial.Herearesomeofthefindingsthatcanassistusinthisregard.Scientistshavestudiedwhatmakesusprocrastinateanddiscoveredseveralwaystohelpusstay“inthezone.”____17____ResearchbyScienceFocusmagazineindicatesthatsilenceisidealforconcentration.Alternatively,agentlebackgroundhumorcoffee-shopnoisecanalsobequiteeffective.Additionally,turningoffnotificationsonyourphoneorevenswitchingitoffcompletelyremovesamajordistraction,enablingustofocusonthetaskathand.Anotherpotentialsolutionforashortattentionspanisbraintraining.Psychologistsareincreasinglyinterestedinourabilitytoknuckledown.Theyhaveexploredwhatwecanchangewithinourmindstoenhanceconcentration.AnarticleforBBCFuturebyCarolineWilliamsstatesthat“AttentionResearcherNilliLavieofUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemanding...takesupmoreprocessingpowerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions.”____18____Therearealsomorepracticaltipsforkeepingyourmindfocused.____19____Youcouldalsofindaworkspacewhereyou’renottemptedtodootherthingsorchewsomegum!It’spossiblethatthemovementinyourmouthoccupiespartsofthebrainthatmightotherwisegetdistracted.____20____Ifwewereconstantlyfocused,wemightoverlookpotentialthreatsinourenvironment.Distractionisvitalforsurvival.A.Thus,keepingyourmindoccupiedmightbethekey.B.Oneofthemostapparentmethodsistogetridofnoise.C.Inadultlife,maintainingconcentrationremainsachallenge.D.Youmayfindittoughtostayfocusedwhenyouareintheoffice.E.Theseincludemakingalistortimetableofthetasksyouneedtodo.F.ButaccordingtoScienceFocusmagazine,distractionisn’tentirelynegative.G.It’simportanttokeepabalancebetweenbeingfocusedandallowingsomedistraction.【答案】16.C17.B18.A19.E20.F【語篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。本文討論了保持專注的策略和見解?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whenwewerestudents,manyofuswerelikelytoldtostopdaydreamingandfocus.(當(dāng)我們是學(xué)生的時候，我們中的許多人可能被告知不要做白日夢，要集中注意力。)”可知，上文提到學(xué)生時代要集中注意力，根據(jù)下文“However,understandingthecausesofdistractionandlearninghowtostayfocusedcanbebeneficial.(然而，了解分心的原因并學(xué)習(xí)如何保持專注是有益的。)”可知，下文提到保持專注是有益的，且However表示轉(zhuǎn)折，由此可知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出成人后保持專注有困難，C選項(xiàng)中“Inadultlife”對應(yīng)上文中“Whenwewerestudents”，“focus”對應(yīng)下文中“stayfocused”。故C選項(xiàng)“在成年生活中，保持專注仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)”符合語境，故選C。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Scientistshavestudiedwhatmakesusprocrastinateanddiscoveredseveralwaystohelpusstayinthezone.(科學(xué)家們研究了是什么讓我們拖延，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾種幫助我們保持專注的方法。)”以及下文“ResearchbyScienceFocusmagazineindicatesthatsilenceisidealforconcentration.Alternatively,agentlebackgroundhumorcoffee-shopnoisecanalsobequiteeffective.(《科學(xué)焦點(diǎn)》雜志的研究表明，安靜的環(huán)境有助于集中注意力?；蛘撸p柔的背景嗡嗡聲或咖啡店的噪音也相當(dāng)有效。)”可知，上文提到科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了幫助我們保持專注的方法，下文則提到了安靜的環(huán)境對專注力的影響，由此可知，本句主要說明的是去除噪音以保持專注的方法，B選項(xiàng)中“noise”對應(yīng)下文中“silence”。故B選項(xiàng)“最明顯的方法之一就是消除噪音”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“AnarticleforBBCFuturebyCarolineWilliamsstatesthat“AttentionResearcherNilliLavieofUniversityCollegeLondonhasfoundthatmakingataskmorevisuallydemanding...takesupmoreprocessingpowerandleavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions.””(卡羅琳·威廉姆斯在BBCFuture的一篇文章中寫道：倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的注意力研究人員尼莉·拉維發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓一項(xiàng)任務(wù)在視覺上要求更高……會消耗更多的處理能力，讓大腦沒有精力去處理干擾。)”可知，上文提到讓大腦沒有精力去處理干擾，即讓大腦保持忙碌狀態(tài)，A選項(xiàng)中“keepingyourmindoccupied”對應(yīng)上文中“l(fā)eavesthebrainnothinglefttoprocessdistractions”。故A選項(xiàng)“因此，讓你的大腦保持忙碌狀態(tài)可能是關(guān)鍵”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Therearealsomorepracticaltipsforkeepingyourmindfocused.(還有一些更實(shí)用的建議可以幫助你集中注意力。)”以及下文“ Youcouldalsofindaworkspacewhereyou’renottemptedtodootherthingsorchewsomegum!It’spossiblethatthemovementinyourmouthoccupiespartsofthebrainthatmightotherwisegetdistracted.(你也可以找一個你不會被誘惑去做其他事情的工作空間，或者嚼口香糖！你嘴里的動作可能會占據(jù)大腦中原本可能會分心的部分。)”可知，上文提到有集中注意力的建議，下文則列舉了具體的建議，故空處為過渡句，指出有一些具體的集中注意力的建議，E選項(xiàng)中“These”指代上文“morepracticaltips”。故E選項(xiàng)“這些包括列出你需要做的任務(wù)的清單或時間表”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Ifwewereconstantlyfocused,wemightoverlookpotentialthreatsinourenvironment.Distractionisvitalforsurvival.(如果我們一直保持專注，我們可能會忽略環(huán)境中潛在的威脅。分心對生存至關(guān)重要。)”可知，下文提到分心對生存至關(guān)重要，可見空處與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出分心并不完全是壞事，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中“distraction”對應(yīng)下文中“Distraction”。故F選項(xiàng)“但根據(jù)《科學(xué)焦點(diǎn)》雜志的說法，分心并不完全是壞事”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Graduationseasondrewnear.Iaskedmydaughterstudyinginhighschoolwhichprofessional____21____shechosetotakeherseniorpictures.Shetoldmeshechosenoone.She___22___she’dratherhaveafriendorfamilymembersnapafewcandid(抓拍的)shotsand____23____somefromthem.Ithoughtitwouldbeagoodidea,sincesheusedto____24____photosofherself,anditwouldbea____25____tospendhundredsofdollarsandhaveherlikenoneofthephotos.ButIaskedherseveraltimestobe____26____aboutherpictures.Aftertwoweeks,shestilldidn’tlikeanyofthephotosItookforherverymuchandtoldmeshewasn’t____27____onefortheyearbook.Asthe____28____wasfastapproaching,Iwarnedhertheymightuseher____29____fromherschoolIDandaskedagainifshewasdeterminedshewantedtogothisroute.Heranswerwas_____30_____,soIdecidedtoletitgo.Yes,Icouldhavepickedaphotomydaughterdidn’tlikeandgivenittoschoolbehindherback,butIknewitwouldn’thaveended_____31_____.SoIdidn’tdothat.Mydaughteris____32____enoughtomakesuchadecisiononherown.It’shersenioryear.Thefactthatshedoesn’twantto_____33_____aseniorportraitfortheyearbookdoesn’t_____34_____there’sanythingwrongwithher.Ineedtoletherdoherthing.IhadmysenioryearanddiditthewayIwanted.Nowit’smydaughter’s______35______.21.A.reporter B.photographer C.volunteer D.teacher22.A.threatened B.regretted C.promised D.added23.A.buy B.deliver C.pick D.borrow24.A.keep B.expect C.lose D.dislike25.A.shame B.joy C.support D.feast26.A.secure B.sure C.curious D.happy27.A.cutting B.spreading C.submitting D.renting28.A.celebration B.reunion C.party D.deadline29.A.drawing B.design C.picture D.number30.A.disappointing B.positive C.strange D.unclear31.A.properly B.suddenly C.surprisingly D.incorrectly32.A.honest B.old C.calm D.kind33.A.laughat B.exchangefor C.handin D.careabout34.A.hope B.hide C.determine D.mean35.A.turn B.ambition C.request D.application【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.C30.B31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的女兒在畢業(yè)季選擇不請專業(yè)攝影師拍攝畢業(yè)照，而是讓朋友或家人幫忙抓拍，并從中挑選照片的故事。作者雖然一開始有些擔(dān)憂，但最終尊重了女兒的決定，認(rèn)為這是女兒成長和獨(dú)立的表現(xiàn)?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我問正在上高中的女兒，她選了哪位專業(yè)攝影師來拍她的畢業(yè)照。A.reporter記者；B.photographer攝影師；C.volunteer志愿者；D.teacher老師。根據(jù)下文“Shetoldmeshechosenoone”可知，女兒沒有選擇任何人，結(jié)合“takeherseniorpictures”可推測出，作者問的是女兒選擇了哪個專業(yè)攝影師來拍攝畢業(yè)照。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她補(bǔ)充說她寧愿讓一個朋友或家人抓拍幾張自然的照片，然后從這些照片中挑選幾張。A.threatened威脅；B.regretted后悔；C.promised承諾；D.added補(bǔ)充說。根據(jù)下文“Ithoughtitwouldbeagoodidea”可知，女兒在補(bǔ)充說明自己的想法。故選D。【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她補(bǔ)充說她寧愿讓一個朋友或家人抓拍幾張自然的照片，然后從這些照片中挑選幾張。A.buy買；B.deliver遞送；C.pick挑選；D.borrow借。根據(jù)上文“shechosenoone”和下文“shestilldidn’tlikeanyofthephotosItookforherverymuch”可知，女兒沒有選擇專業(yè)攝影師，而是想從朋友或家人拍的照片中挑選一些。故選C。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺得這會是個好主意，因?yàn)樗^去常常不喜歡自己的照片，而且要是花上幾百美元卻一張照片她都不喜歡，那可太遺憾了。A.keep保持；B.expect期待；C.lose失去；D.dislike不喜歡。根據(jù)上文“shechosenoone”和“she’dratherhaveafriendorfamilymembersnapafewcandidshots”可知，女兒不喜歡專業(yè)攝影師拍的照片。故選D。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺得這會是個好主意，因?yàn)樗^去常常不喜歡自己的照片，而且要是花上幾百美元卻一張照片她都不喜歡，那可太遺憾了。A.shame遺憾；B.joy快樂；C.support支持；D.feast盛宴。根據(jù)上文“sincesheusedto_______photosofherself”和下文“spendhundredsofdollarsandhaveherlikenoneofthephotos.”可知，女兒過去常常不喜歡自己的照片，花幾百美元拍照片，結(jié)果她一張都不喜歡，那就太遺憾了。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我多次問她對自己的照片是否確定（滿意）。A.secure安全的；B.sure確定的；C.curious好奇的；D.happy高興的。根據(jù)上文“shetoldmeshechosenoone”和“Ithoughtitwouldbeagoodidea”可知，作者認(rèn)為女兒讓朋友或家人拍幾張抓拍的照片，然后從中挑選一些是個好主意，但女兒不想找攝影師拍畢業(yè)照，所以作者幾次讓女兒確定要拍哪些照片。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩周后，她仍然不太喜歡我給她拍的任何一張照片，并且告訴我她不會為年鑒提交照片。A.cutting切割；B.spreading傳播；C.submitting提交；D.renting租。根據(jù)下文“Asthe_______wasfastapproaching,Iwarnedhertheymightuseher_______fromherschoolIDandaskedagainifshewasdeterminedshewantedtogothisroute.”可知，隨著提交照片的最后期限臨近，作者警告女兒他們可能會使用她學(xué)生證上的照片，由此可知，女兒沒有提交任何照片。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著截止日期迅速逼近，我警告她學(xué)?？赡軙盟龑W(xué)生證上的照片，并且再次問她是否確定想這樣做。A.celebration慶祝；B.reunion重逢；C.party聚會；D.deadline最后期限。根據(jù)下文“Iwarnedhertheymightuseher_______fromherschoolID”可知，作者警告女兒他們可能會使用她學(xué)生證上的照片，說明提交照片的最后期限臨近了。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查名