閱讀理解之說明文（按話題分類）-2025年高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)（新高考）原卷版+解析

猜押閱讀理解說明文

猜

押

3年真題詞數(shù)話題考情分析押題依據(jù)

考

點

C篇紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、2024年新高高考說明文體裁

2024年新高考

C：351音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和考閱讀理解說明的閱讀材料通常

I卷閱讀CD篇

D：370效果；D篇數(shù)字生物多樣性記錄文特點。多為科普讀物(包

存在偏見英語閱讀理括介紹最新科技、

C篇介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場解試題總是在重大成就等)、自

2024年新高考(BMF)的一些主要優(yōu)勢；D篇CD篇設(shè)置思維然現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、

C：268

II卷閱讀CD篇介紹了CatrionaCampbell所著能力較強的自然新工藝介紹以及

D：319

閱AIbyDesign:APlanforLiving科學(xué)和社會科學(xué)人文地理、風(fēng)土人

讀withArtificialIntelligence——書方面的文章，試情等等。說明文的

理2023年新高考I題循著“了解現(xiàn)總體結(jié)構(gòu)通常分

C：318c篇倡導(dǎo)簡單的數(shù)字生活方式；

解卷閱讀CD篇狀一聚焦問題一為三個部分：說明

D：337D篇“群體智慧”效應(yīng)

說分析原因一提出對象、說明過程和

明2023年新高考C篇介紹了印刷書籍和閱讀對建議”的邏輯進歸納總結(jié)。

C：326

文II卷閱讀CD篇人類的重要意義；D篇保護城市行設(shè)計，考查學(xué)

D：318

中的野生自然生對每個環(huán)節(jié)關(guān)

B篇常生活中的食物浪費現(xiàn)象鍵內(nèi)容的準(zhǔn)確理

以及華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席解，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生培

2022年新高考IB：339

執(zhí)行官科廷為解決食物浪費而養(yǎng)科學(xué)探究精

卷閱讀BCD篇C：293

采取的努力；C篇改善老年人的神，提升發(fā)現(xiàn)問

D：335

健康狀況的項目；D篇飲食的改題、分析問題、

變導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的解決問題的能

語言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語音力。鮮明地彰顯

了命題人旨在培

養(yǎng)新一代青年學(xué)

2022年新高考C篇開車時使用手機造成"分

C：282子獨立思考、理

n卷閱讀CD篇神"，引發(fā)交通事故的問題；D

D：348性判斷的教育導(dǎo)

篇鍛煉對于心臟的好處

向。

押題頹測

押題預(yù)測目錄

一、原理和效應(yīng)類六、體育與健康類

二、人工智能類七、發(fā)明與創(chuàng)造類

三、環(huán)境保護類八、宇宙探索類

四、社會生活類九、教育類

五、科普、研究報告類十、語言研究類

一、原理和效應(yīng)類

押題1

詞數(shù)話題體裁考占八、、押題理由

316"□紅效應(yīng)"說明文細節(jié)理解、原理與效應(yīng)類說明文是英語閱讀理解中的重要題

以及引起推理判斷、型，掌握其結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特點和常見話題是提高成績

"口紅效應(yīng)"詞義猜測。的關(guān)鍵。此類話題是高考命題常用的素材，例如：

的心理動機高考考過棉花糖效應(yīng)、群體智慧效應(yīng)等。

The“l(fā)ipstickeffect“referstotheideathatwomenpurchasemorelipstickswhentheeconomyisinbadshape.

A2020studypublishedbytheJournalofBehavioralandExperimentalEconomicsinvestigatedthespendinghabits

ofwomenaging18-40duringthe2007recession（衰退）.Theyfoundariseinmake-uppurchasesduringtheyears

whenmoneywasthetightest.Thereareafewtheoriesthattrytoexplainthisseeminglyimpracticaltrend.

Ina2021articlepublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,researcherstheorizedthatthe

“l(fā)ipstickeffect“wasaresultofevolutionarymatingpsychology.ctThelipstickeffectreflectsastrategicshiftin

women'sconsumerbehaviorthatisguidedbythedesiretoattractthematestheymostdesireinanenvironment

wheretheyarerare,^^theresearchersconcluded.

Thoughthispaperisfrequentlycited,a2020studypublishedintheJournalofBehavioralandExperimental

Economicssuggestedthatthewomenwhocontributedtotheincreaseincosmeticpurchasesincludedaneven

mixtureofmarriedandsinglewomen,employedandunemployed.

Itturnsout,themostpopularlipstickcolorforwomentobuyiscontrarytowhatmenfindthemost

bewitching.Thatsaid,therearevariouspotentialreasonswhylipstickpurchasesincreasewhentheeconomyis

down,andtheyhavenothingtodowithmatingandthemalestare.

“Perhapspeoplesimplytradedowntocheaperluxuryandfeel-goodpurchaseswhenmoneygetstight,“

consumerpsychologistattheUniversityoftheArts,London,Dr.PaulMarsden,toldByrdie.Thisisagreat

assumption,consideringasurveyconductedbyEfoundthat51.8%ofadultAmericanspurchaseproducts

whentheyareseekingtoimprovetheirmood.

However,therehasyettobeanyconclusiveevidenceexplainingthe"lipstickeffect”.Whetherifslipstick,

single-usefacials,oranewbook,purchasinglow-costluxuryitemscanbeapick-me-upinthefaceoftoughtimes.

1.Whatcanweknowfromthe2021article?

A.Itdidnotobservesinglewomen'sbehavior.

B.Itshowednorespectforfemaleconsumers.

C.Itnarrowedwomen'sconsumptionmotives.

D.Itjustpaidattentiontocosmeticmarkets.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bewitching“meaninParagraph4?

A.Economical.B.Inviting.C.Shocking.D.Luxurious.

3.Whatdoesthe“l(fā)ipstickeffect“mainlydiscuss?

A.Shiftsofmarketingstrategiesinrecessions.

B.Consumptionpsychologyofyoungadults.

C.Causesoffemales5lowpurchasingpower.

D.Preferenceofbuyingaffordableproducts.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Peopleinbadeconomictimestrytoliftspirits.

B.PaulMarsdenofferedaconclusiveexplanation.

C.E'sfindingcontradictedPaulMarsden'sview.

D.OverhalfofAmericanssufferfromeconomicrecession.

押題2

詞數(shù)話題體裁考占八、、押題理由

319曝光效應(yīng)說明文細節(jié)理解、原理與效應(yīng)類說明文是英語閱讀理解中的重要題

推理判斷。型，掌握其結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特點和常見話題是提高成績

的關(guān)鍵。此類話題是高考命題常用的素材，例如：

高考考過棉花糖效應(yīng)、群體智慧效應(yīng)等。

Somepeoplethinktheyareimmunetoads.Theymightnothaveheardofthemereexposureeffect一a

psychologicalphenomenonwherewetendtolikethingsthemoreweareexposedtothem.

Whenweplotthemereexposureeffectonagraphwithpreferencesononeaxis（軸）andrepetitionsonthe

other,wewillseethatittakesabout15repeatsfortheeffecttoreachitsfullpotential.Iftheexposureistoo

excessive（過度）,peoplegetannoyed.Andiftheydidn'tlikethethinginitially,repeatingitcanmakeitworse.

Therearetwomainexplanationsforthephenomenon.Thefirstiscertainty.Ourmindsnaturallylearntobe

carefularoundnewthingsthatcouldpotentiallyharmus.Ifweseesomethingrepeatedlywithoutbadconsequences,

weareledtobelieveitissafe.Thesecondisperceptualfluency.Wearealsohardwiredtoprefersimplethingsthat

takelittlementalload.Difficulttaskslikefiguringoutsomethingnewtakelotsofattentionandtime,whichiswhy

wetrytoavoidthem.

KnownfordiscoveringtheeffectwaspsychologistRobertZajonc,whotestedhowsubjectsrespondedto

specificsymbols.Agroupofpeoplewereshownaseriesofrandomshapeswhichchangedsoquicklythatitwas

impossibletonoticethatsomewererepeated.Whenthesubjectswereaskedwhichshapestheyfoundmost

pleasing,theychosethosetowhichtheyhadbeenexposedthemostoften,eventhoughtheyhadnoconscious

awarenessofthat.

Theresultsshowedthatchangesinpreferencescausedbyrepeatedexposuresdependnotonanyprior

subjectiveandconsciousevaluationsofthestimulusbutratheronresultsfromtheobjectivehistoryofexposures

alone.

Nowtelluswhatyouthinkaboutads.Ifmereexposuretothemmakesuslikethingsweotherwisewouldn't,

shouldbillboards（廣告牌）bebannedfromthepublicarea?

1.Whichofthefollowinggraphsbestillustratesthemereexposureeffect?

2.AccordingtoZajonc*sexperiment,whatdriveschangesinpreferences?

A.Randomvariation.B.Objectiveanalysis.

C.Subjectivejudgment.D.Subconsciousfamiliarity.

3.Whichpromotionalactivityshowstheapplicationofthemereexposureeffect?

A.Anovelistorganizesabooksigningevent.

B.Agamestudiodevelopsachallengingmode.

C.Asingerbuyshotrecommendationsonamusicapp.

D.Afashionbrandreintroducescertainclassicdesigns.

4.Whydoestheauthormentionadsattheendofthetext?

A.Tocriticizefakeadvertising.B.Toopposeoutdooradvertising.

C.Topointoutthedrawbacksofads.D.Tocautionagainsttheinfluenceofads.

【變式1】

詞數(shù)話題體裁考占八、、押題理由

346Zeigarnik效說明文細節(jié)理解、原理與效應(yīng)類說明文是英語閱讀理解中的重要題

應(yīng)主旨大意、型，掌握其結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特點和常見話題是提高成績

詞義猜測。的關(guān)鍵。此類話題是高考命題常用的素材，例如：

高考考過棉花糖效應(yīng)、群體智慧效應(yīng)等。

Yourownexperienceofrevisingforexamsmighttellyouthatsessionsofuninterruptedconcentrationcan

helpyoutobetterrememberkeypiecesofinformation.Indeed,manystudentswillengageinintensiverevisionjust

beforeatest-inthebeliefthatessentialsubjectfactsandfigureswillbememorizedreadyforexamday.

However,thiscommonlyheldwisdomhasbeencontradictedbyanobservationmadeinapsychological

study.NowknownastheZeigarnikeffect,itwasfoundthatinterruptionduringataskthatrequiresfocuscaninfact

improveaperson'sabilitytorememberitafterwards.

ThepsychologistBlumaZeigarmikobservedtheeffectofinterruptiononmemoryprocessingin1927.Inthe

experiment,sheaskedeachparticipanttocompleteaseriesofseparatetasks,suchassolvingapuzzleor

assemblingaflat-packbox.Duringaroundhalfoftheassignments,participantsweresubtlyinterruptedbythe

experimentsupervisor,whileduringtheremainingtasks,theywereallowedtimetocompletethemuninterrupted.

Followingtheexperiment,Zeigarnikinterviewedeachparticipant,askingthemtorecalldetailsofeachtaskthat

theyhadattempted.

Zeigamik'sinitialfindingsrevealedthatparticipantswereabletorecalldetailsofinterruptedtasksaround90%

betterthanthosewhohadbeenabletocompleteundisturbed.Theseresultssuggestthatadesiretocompleteatask

cancauseittoberetainedinaperson'smemoryuntilithasbeencompleted,andthatthefinalityofitscompletion

enablestheprocessofforgettingittotakeplace.

OnewayofemployingtheZeigarnikeffectwhenattemptingtomemorizeadetailedpieceofinformation,

suchasalongphonenumber,orwhenrevisingasubject,mightbetoavoidtryingtorememberitinitsentiretyin

onesitting.Takealookattheinformation,familiarizeyourselfwithit,then"'interruptyourself5-lookawayfrom

whereitiswrittenforafewmomentsandthinkofsomethingelse,beforereturningafewmoretimestoremember

chunksofthenumber.Finally,piecethesechunkstogetherandattempttorecallthenumberinitsentirety.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thiscommonlyheldwisdom“inparagraph2referto?

A.Rememberingessentialsubjectfactsguaranteessuccessinexams.

B.Interruptiononmemoryprocessinggeneratesunexpectedresults.

C.Uninterruptedconcentrationcontributestoeffectiverevision.

D.Revisionwithfullconcentrationboostslong-termmemory.

2.HowdidZeigarnikmeasuretheeffectofinterruptiononparticipants9memory?

A.Byconductingbrainscans.B.Byratingparticipants5memory.

C.Byenquiringabouttaskdetails.D.Byobservingphysicalreactions.

3.Whichstrategyshouldbeusedtoavoidforgettingwhenrevisingasubject?

A.Repeatedwritingandrecalling.B.Entirerememberinginonesitting.

C.Rapidmemorizationwithoutbreaks.D.Breaksinreviewandrepeatinginchunks.

4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.TheoriginoftheZeigarnikEffect.B.ThediscoveryoftheZeigamikEffect.

C.TheevaluationoftheZeigarnikEffect.D.TheapplicationoftheZeigarnikEffect.

【變式2】

詞數(shù)話題體裁考占八、、押題理由

340本?富蘭克林說明文細節(jié)理解、原理與效應(yīng)類說明文是英語閱讀理解中的重要題

效應(yīng)推理判斷、型，掌握其結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特點和常見話題是提高成績

詞義猜測。的關(guān)鍵。此類話題是高考命題常用的素材，例如：

高考考過棉花糖效應(yīng)、群體智慧效應(yīng)等。

Here'saquickquiz.PersonAdoesafavorforyou.PersonBasksyoutodoafavorforhim.Whodoyou

tendtolikemore?Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk（怪癖）ofhumannatureisknownastheBen

FranklinEffect.

BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvania

Assembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn'tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?

Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebooktheman

owned.Thisrequestalteredtheman'sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin'stakeaway:"Hethat

hasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.^^

Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthis.ButhowcanweexplaintheBenFranklinEffect?Somepsychologists

refertocognitivedissonance（失調(diào)）.Ifsdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesus

uncomfortable.Weresolvethistensionbychangingourmind."Idon'tlikeJoe,butIamdoinghimafavor,we

mightthink.<6SomaybeIdolike

Whilecognitivedissonanceexplainsalot,italonedoesn'texplaintheBenFranklinEffect.One2015study

foundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative（親和的）motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswantto

maintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.Thisexplains

alotaboutaltruisticbehavior.Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunityto

doso.Ifsinourgenes.

Yetthereismuchwestilldon'tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Is

thereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;

askingtoborrowacarisanother.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionBenjaminFranklin'sexperience?

A.Toillustrateadilemmainmakingchoices.B.Tosuggestawayofstrikingupfriendships.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofstrategicrequests.D.TointroducetheoriginoftheBenFranklinEffect.

2.Whatisareasonforpeople'stendencytolikethoseaskingforfavors?

A.Reducingthetensioncausedbysocialcontact.

B.Increasingthechanceofgettinghelpinreturn.

C.Avoidingthediscomfortfromconflictingthoughts.

D.Establishingacooperativecommunityofsharedtrust.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic“probablymeaninparagraph4?

A.Selfless.B.Impolite.C.Aggressive.D.Responsible.

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheBenFranklinEffect?

A.Itmakeslittlesense.B.Itappliestomostcultures.

C.Ithassituationallimitations.D.Ithasgreatpracticalsignificance.

二、人工智能類

押題1

詞數(shù)話題體裁考J占八、、押題理由

336人工智能對說明文細節(jié)理解、人工智能作為當(dāng)今科技發(fā)展的前沿領(lǐng)域，其相關(guān)話

我們生活的推理判斷、題在英語說明文中具有重要的考察價值?？忌鷳?yīng)熟

改變以及引詞義猜測。悉人工智能的基本概念、應(yīng)用場景、倫理挑戰(zhàn)及未

發(fā)的道德困來發(fā)展趨勢，并掌握相關(guān)的詞匯和表達方式。

境

AIMorality（OxfordUniversityPress,2024）,editedbyBritishphilosopherDavidEdmonds,isacollection

ofessaysexploringhowAIwillcompletelychangeourlivesandthemoraldilemmasitwillsetoff,paintinga

pictureofthereasonstobecheerfulandtoworry.Inthisexcerpt（節(jié)選），MurielLeuenberger,apostdoctoral

researcherintheethics（道德）oftechnologyandAIattheUniversityofZurich,focusesonthisverymodern

identitycrisis.

AnAIthattellsyouwhoyouareandwhatyoushoulddoisbasedontheideathatyouridentityissomething

youcandiscover-informationyouoranAImayaccess.Butthisviewmissesanimportantpoint:wealsochoose

whoweare.

ConstantlyrelyingonAIrecommendationsystemsmightcalcifyyouridentity.Byrecommendingproducts

andothercontents,youbecomemorelikelytoconsume,think,andactinthewaytheAIsysteminitiallyconsidered

suitableforyou,graduallyinfluencingyousomuchthatyoudevelopintowhoittookyoutooriginallybe.

Thisis,however,notanecessaryfeatureofrecommendationsystems.Intheory,theycouldbedesignedto

broadentheuser'shorizon,insteadofmaximizinginvolvementbyshowingcustomerswhattheyalreadylike.In

practice,thafsnothowtheyfunction.

Besides,bygivingdecisionstoAI,youmayfailtomeetthemoraldemandtotakeresponsibilityforwhoyou

are.Thisconcernweighsparticularlyheavywhenmakingthemostsubstantialdecisions.Buteveninordinarycases

likeselectingmovies,music,books,ornews,itwouldbegoodtoputrecommendationsystemsasidefromtimeto

time,whichinturn,callsforresearch,risk,andself-reflection.

AnAImightstatealotoffactsaboutyou,butitisyourjobtofindoutwhattheymeantoyouandhowyou

letthemdefineyou.Thesameholdsforactions.Youractionsarenotjustawayofseekingwell-being.Through

youractions,youchoosewhatkindofpersonyouare.

1.Whatdoesthecollectionofessaysfocuson?

A.PotentialbenefitsandrisksofALB.VariousdominantrolesofAL

C.RecentpoliciesonAIdevelopment.D.IndividualestimatesofAFsfuture.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“calcify“inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Weaken.C.Remember.D.Reject.

3.Whatistherecommendationsystemdesignedfor?

A.Developingusers'broadervision.B.Prioritizingthemostidealchoice.

C.Highlightingexistingpreferences.D.Attractingconsumers9engagement.

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.ToprovetheuniquenessofALB.TostressthehugeinfluenceofAL

C.TopresenttheconfusionbroughtbyALD.ToadvocateindependentthinkinginAIera.

押題2

詞數(shù)話題體裁考占八、、押題理由

317介紹了Al與說明文細節(jié)理解、人工智能作為當(dāng)今科技發(fā)展的前沿領(lǐng)域，其相關(guān)話

中醫(yī)結(jié)合的推理判斷、題在英語說明文中具有重要的考察價值?？忌鷳?yīng)熟

項目及其發(fā)主旨大意。悉人工智能的基本概念、應(yīng)用場景、倫理挑戰(zhàn)及未

展情況與前來發(fā)展趨勢，并掌握相關(guān)的詞匯和表達方式。

景

ImagineobtainingtraditionalChinesemedicine（TCM）serviceswithjustaclickonyoursmartphone.The

tiringhospitaltrip-oftencausinglongwaitsandmanytroubles,especiallyfortheold-cannowbedoneeasily

online.

ThenewprogramistransformingTCMmedicalservices.Userscannowreceiveadetailedhealthreportin

under2minutessimplyaftershootingaquickphotooftheirtongue.Developersexplainthisbreakthrough

combinestraditionalTCMtongueexaminationmethodswithmodemAIimageanalysistechnology.Withinhalfa

year,theprogramhasservedover30,000users,with94%reportingsatisfactoryoutcomes.

TheapplicationofAIinTCMholdssignificantpromiseforareaswithlimitedmedicalresources.Indistant

regionswhereaccesstoexperienceddoctorsisrare,Ai-assistedtoolscouldimprovehealthcarequalitywiththeir

medicalabilities.WhileAIoffersgreatpotentialforTCM,accuratediagnosis（診斷）stillreliesheavilyonthe

doctors'professionaljudgment.

AlthoughAIhasmadeprogressinTCM,moreworkisneededduetothelackofstandardrules.TCM's

diverseschoolsandapproaches,developedoverthousandsofyears,oftenleadtodifferenttreatmentplansforthe

sameillness,makingitdifficultforAItolearneffectively.Additionally,whilecomputershavebeenusedinTCM

sincethe1980s,earlysystemsweretoosimpletohandlecomplexpatientconditionswithunpredictablesymptoms

（癥狀）.Toaddresstheseissues,ChinaisworkingonstandardizingTCMbyestablishing180nationaland30

internationalstandardsby2026,whileresearchersaredevelopingbetterTCM-AItools.

Inconclusion,theintegration（融合）ofAIintoTCMwillgreatlyimprovehealthcarebymakingTCMmore

accessibleandefficient.However,asthejourneyisonlybeginning,muchworkremains.Withjointeffortsfrom

researchersandpractitioners,thereiseveryreasontobelievethatTCMisexpectedtonotonlyenhancethequality

ofhealthcarebutalsoextenditsbenefitstocommunitiesfarandwide.

1.Whatshouldusersdotoexperiencetheprogram'sservice?

A.Handinahealthreport.B.Examinetheirwholebody.

C.Makechangestotheirdiet.D.Takeaphotooftheirtongue.

2.Whichofthefollowingistheprogram'sadvantage?

A.Healthcarefortheelderly.B.AFsassistanceindiagnosis.

C.Fullreplacementofdoctors.D.Accuratejudgmentofillnesses.

3.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?

A.Challengesinthecombination.B.Achievementsoftheprogram.

C.Technologiesbehindtheprogram.D.VariousschoolsandideasofTCM.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheprogram?

A.Unclear.B.Disapproving.C.Doubtful.D.Positive.

押題3

詞數(shù)話題體裁考占八、、押題理由

281介紹了聊天說明文細節(jié)理解、人工智能作為當(dāng)今科技發(fā)展的前沿領(lǐng)域，其相關(guān)話

機器人的工推理判斷、題在英語說明文中具有重要的考察價值?？忌鷳?yīng)熟

作原理和應(yīng)主旨大意、悉人工智能的基本概念、應(yīng)用場景、倫理挑戰(zhàn)及未

用詞義猜測。來發(fā)展趨勢，并掌握相關(guān)的詞匯和表達方式。

Evenifyouhaven'theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you'velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.They

oftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelp

youtoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-up

questions.

Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachine

learningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinesto

read,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguage

structureandmeaning.NLEinessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowto

appropriatelyrespond.

Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesin

languageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumanandmachine.Essentially,achatbottries

tomatchwhatyou'veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreit

understandsandthemoreitleamstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositive

responsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.

Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterour

lives.Inalmosteveryindustry,companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,

answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexa

aredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatesto

personalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionSiriandAlexainParagraph1?

A.Togiveexamplesofchatbots.B.Toshowwheretofindachatbot.

C.Toexplainhowachatbotworks.D.Tocomparedifferentchatbots.

2.Whatisthebasisofchatbots?

A.Languagestudy.B.Datatransmission.

C.Socialinteraction.D.Naturallanguageprocessing.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reinfbrce“inparagraph3mean?

A.Inspire.B.Strengthen.

C.Organize.D.Match.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thefuturetrendofchatbots.B.Theauthor'spredictions.

C.Theapplicationsofchatbots.D.Theeffectsofchatbots.

押題4

詞數(shù)話題體裁考占八、、押題理由

328人工智能在說明文細節(jié)理解、人工智能作為當(dāng)今科技發(fā)展的前沿領(lǐng)域，其相關(guān)話

課堂教學(xué)中推理判斷。題在英語說明文中具有重要的考察價值?？忌鷳?yīng)熟

的應(yīng)用悉人工智能的基本概念、應(yīng)用場景、倫理挑戰(zhàn)及未

來發(fā)展趨勢，并掌握相關(guān)的詞匯和表達方式。

Productiveartificialintelligenceisincreasinglymakingitspresencefeltinclassrooms.Ifsnotjuststudents

whoareturningtoAIforhelp;teachersarealsogettinginvolved.ManyteachersarenowusingnewAIgrading

tools,whichofferstudentsspeedierfeedbackandmoreopportunitiestopractice.Whenappliedcorrectly,AI

assistantsarebelievedtobringaboutbenefitsandremoveprejudicefromtheevaluationofstudentwork.

Education-oriented（面向教育的）AIstartupstypicallyprovidegradingservicesmainlyinwriting-heavy

subjectslikeEnglishandhistory,andtosomeextentinmathandscience.TheseAl-basedsystemsgenerateascore

andoffernegativecommentsonvariouselementssuchastopicsentences,persuasiveargumentsandmore.

TeachershavetheoptiontousetheAi-generatedfeedbackas