《翻譯C漢英翻譯》PPT課件.ppt

翻譯C漢英翻譯,“洪荒造塔語(yǔ)言殊，從此人間要象胥”。 Babel Tower Old Testament of Holy Bible Genesis 11,To translate is therefore to let go of your (English) writing in a way, to hold it at arms length, open it to scrutiny, allow it to float in the ether (universe) for a while, and to let others, pivot you toward relative truth. (blog) esp. for C-E translation,Lexical relationship between Chinese and English,One-to-one relationship One-to-none relationship Pseudo one-to-one relationship One-to-many or many-to-one or many-to-many relationship,1、這花兒真美。 2、這件衣服太花了。 3、孩子的花兒剛 出過(guò)。 4、我的眼早花了。 5、他年輕時(shí)是個(gè)花花公子。 1. flower 2. multicoloured 3. smallpox 4. nebulous 5. playboy,Translation Criteria/Standards,天竺國(guó)俗，甚重文藻，其宮商體韻，以入弦為善。凡覲國(guó)王，必有贊德。見佛之儀，以歌嘆為尊。經(jīng)中偈頌，皆其式也。但改梵為秦，失其藻味，雖得大意，殊隔文體，有似嚼飯與人，非徒失味，乃另嘔穢也。 （轉(zhuǎn)引自陳?？抵袊?guó)譯學(xué)理論史稿） 嚴(yán)復(fù)： 信、達(dá)、雅 劉重德：信、達(dá)、切 魯迅： 求其易解，保存原作豐姿 傅雷： 神似 similarity in spirit 錢鐘書：化境 sublimation Tytler: 3原則 p5,Tytlers 3 principles,A translation should give a complete transcript of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the case of the original composition.,Basic Requirements For Translator,The 1st and most obvious requirement of any translator is that he have a satisfactory knowledge of the source language. It is not enough that he be able to get the “general drift “ of the meaning, or that he be adept in consulting dictionaries. Rather, he must understand not only the obvious content of the message, but also the subtleties of meaning , the significant emotive values of words, and the stylistic features which determine the “flavor and feel” of the message. Even the more important than knowledge of the resources of the source language is a complete control of the receptor language. See ppt2 Certainly the most numerous and serious errors made by translators arise primarily from their lack of thorough knowledge of the TL.,It is one thing, however, to know a language in general and another to have a special knowledge of a particular subject. In other words, in addition to a knowledge of the two or more languages involved in the translation process, the translator must have a thorough acquaintance with the subject matter concerned. The translator should also have something of the same cultural background as that of the author he is translating. If such is not the case, “the translator should be willing and readily able to make up for this deficiency.” At the same time, a translator must be content to be like his author, for it is not his business to try to excel him.,In translating the Bible, most outstanding translators have also insisted a further requirement, namely, a devout recognition of dependence upon divine grace. The translator should not only make use of the best scientific philology and exegesis, but also invoke and rely upon divine grace for the fulfillment of his task.,shift of perspective 不二價(jià) one price 聽電話 answer the phone 太平門 emergency exit 北屋 a room with a southern exposure 座鐘 a standing clock 好票 a good seat “冷板凳”隊(duì)員 bench warmer,Full sentence, minor sentence, fragments,“西洋人做文章把語(yǔ)言化零為整，中國(guó)人做文章幾乎可以說(shuō)是化整為零。” -王力 洞庭湖“銜遠(yuǎn)山，吞長(zhǎng)江，浩浩蕩蕩，橫無(wú)際涯”。 Carrying distant mountains in the mouth and swallowing Yangtze River, the vast and mighty Donting Lake stretches endlessly. 整合IT市場(chǎng)資源，追求專業(yè)化、市場(chǎng)化、規(guī)模化、規(guī)范化。 We have integrated IT market resources, striving to be specialized and market-oriented with scale and standardization. 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)，交通便利以后，頻頻南調(diào)北運(yùn)，外加塑料大棚養(yǎng)殖什么的，水果上市不分了季節(jié)。 As the transportation system had developed and economy had improved in China, fruit could be transported to every corner of the country and, with greenhouses, at any season.,練習(xí) 落花生 許地山 我們屋后有半畝隙地。母親說(shuō)：“讓它荒蕪著怪可惜，既然你們那么愛吃花生，就辟來(lái)做花生園罷。”我們幾姊弟和幾個(gè)丫頭都很喜歡買種的買種，動(dòng)土的動(dòng)土，灌園的灌園，過(guò)不了幾個(gè)月，居然收獲了！ 媽媽說(shuō)：“今晚我們可以做一個(gè)收獲節(jié)，也請(qǐng)你們爹爹來(lái)嘗嘗我們底新花生，如何？”我們都答應(yīng)了。母親把花生做成好幾樣的食品，還吩咐這節(jié)期要在花園里底茅亭舉行。 那晚上的天色不太好，可是爹爹也到來(lái)，實(shí)在很難得！爹爹說(shuō)：“你們愛吃花生嗎？”,我們都爭(zhēng)著回答：“愛！” “誰(shuí)能把花生的好處說(shuō)出來(lái)？” 姊姊說(shuō)：“花生的氣味很美?！?哥哥說(shuō)：“花生可以制油。” 我說(shuō)：“無(wú)論何等人都可以用賤價(jià)買它來(lái)吃；都喜歡它。這就是它的好處?！?Version Peanuts By Xu Dishan There was a small piece of open land behind our house. One day, mother said to us, “its a pity to leave it lying waste. Since you are so fond of peanuts, lets turn it into a peanut garden.” Hearing that, we kids and the little maids were so delighted that we set about working immediately. Some went to buy the seeds, some broke ground and others watered the garden. To our happy surprise, several months later we had a real harvest.,The harvest over, mother suggested, “what about holding a celebration of our harvest this evening and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-reaped peanuts?” To this we all agreed. Mother prepared many kinds of peanut food and told us to hold the celebration in the thatched pavilion in the garden . The sky was not so clear that evening. But to our great pleasure, we had Daddy with us. He asked us, “do you like peanuts?” We all rushed to the answer, “Yes!”,“Who can tell us the advantage of peanuts?” My elder sister said, “They taste good.” “We can extract oil from them,” was my elder brothers reply. I said, “They are so inexpensive that everyone can afford them and like them. Thats their advantage.”,練習(xí) 那女媧氏煉石 補(bǔ)天之時(shí)，與大荒山無(wú)稽崖，煉成高十二丈，見方二十四丈的頑石三萬(wàn)六千五百零一塊。 Version When the goddess Nu Wa melted down rocks to repair the sky at Baseless Cliff in the Great Waste Mountain, she made thirty-six five hundred and one blocks of stone, each a hundred and twenty feet high and two hundred and forty feet square.,練習(xí) 那些賣酒的青簾高揚(yáng)，賣菜的紅炭滿爐，仕女游人，絡(luò)繹不絕，真不數(shù)“三十六家花酒店，七十二做管弦樓?！?Version Dark trade-signs flutter above the wineshops, and red charcoal glows in the tea-house stories, while men and women stream by, on pleasure bent, to throng the countless taverns and music halls.,練習(xí) 福建省位于中國(guó)東南沿海，原是一個(gè)人口較少、資源貧乏、經(jīng)濟(jì)比較落后的小省。七十年代末以來(lái)，充分利用中央賦予的特殊政策，在突破舊體制方面先行一步，以市場(chǎng)為取向的改革取得實(shí)質(zhì)進(jìn)展，有力地推進(jìn)了福建省國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)事業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，不論是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度還是國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值都躍居全國(guó)前矛。,Version Situated on the southeast China coast, Fujian Province used to be an economically backward province small in population and poor in natural resources. But this has changed since the start of the reform in the late 70s. Taking full advantage of the special polices granted by the central government, Fujian Province has taken the initiative in breaking through traditional economic structure and moving toward a market economy. The substantial progress achieved has efficiently facilitated a rapid development in Fujians economy and society and made it possible for the province to leap to the leading position together with a few other provinces in the country in terms of economic growth rate and GDP.The deepening of reform and new leaps in economy are all in urgent need of science and quality personnel to back up.,練習(xí) 這對(duì)于福州大學(xué)這樣一所全省唯一的以工為主、理工結(jié)合的新型地方大學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，既是一種機(jī)遇，更是一種挑戰(zhàn)。為了適應(yīng)福建省改革開放和經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展的需要，福州大學(xué)也進(jìn)入了發(fā)展的快車道：經(jīng)過(guò)40年，特別是近20年的改革和發(fā)展，在校生規(guī)模從1978年不足2000人發(fā)展到今天逾萬(wàn)人；學(xué)科專業(yè)設(shè)置已基本涵蓋了本省主要經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域和產(chǎn)業(yè)部門，并已形成了包括研究生、本專科、成人、留學(xué)生教育在內(nèi)的多層次、多規(guī)格、多形式的辦學(xué)格局；已被列為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)建設(shè)的百所大學(xué)之一。,Version This has provided a challenge as well as an opportunity for Fuzhou University, a university of science and engineering, concentrating mainly on engineering, the only local university of its type in Fujian Province. To keep pace with the reform and the rapid economic development in the province, Fuzhou University is now on its development fast lane.,Version The past 40 years, especially the past 20 years, have seen the number of students enrolled jump from less than 2000 in 1978 to more than 10,000 today and specialties offered cover almost all the economic and industrial sectors and fields in the province. A variegated pattern of school running has been created which includes graduate education, undergraduate education, short 2-to-3-year higher education programs, adult education and education programs for overseas students. As a result, the university has entered the list of 100 selected universities in China with additional resources for further development.,練習(xí) 白居易十六歲時(shí)，帶著自己的詩(shī)稿去京城長(zhǎng)安，拜訪老詩(shī)人顧況，希望得到他的指教。顧況看他還是個(gè)孩子，就不怎么當(dāng)回事，又看到詩(shī)稿上的名字是“居易”就開玩笑地說(shuō)：“長(zhǎng)安這地方米貴，在這里居可不易呀！”但當(dāng)他讀到“野火燒不盡，春風(fēng)吹又生”等詩(shī)句時(shí)，不禁拍案叫絕，馬上改變語(yǔ)氣，鄭重地說(shuō)：“能寫出這樣的詩(shī)句，居下去是不難的，剛才是玩笑，不要見怪。”這樣，白居易的名字便傳開了。,Version At the age of sixteen, Bai Juyi went to Changan, the imperial capital, bringing with him his poems, to see an old poet, Gu Kuang, hoping to get his guidance. Seeing he was only a child, Gu Kuang did not take him seriously and said jokingly about “”Juyi (meaning literally “easy (yi) to live (ju)”) on the manuscript, “Rice here in Changan is expensive. Its not yi to ju”. But he exclaimed, tapping his desk approvingly when he came upon such lines: No prairie fire can burn it utterly, The spring wind brings it back to life again. His while tone immediately changed and he said seriously, “A man who can write such wonderful lines wont find it difficult to live here. Pardon me for joking.” Soon the name Bai Juyi was widely known.,詞性和語(yǔ)態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 Shift between parts of speech and voices,v.- n. 他喜歡在晚飯后靜靜地抽支煙。 He likes a quiet smoke after supper. 他在講話中特別強(qiáng)調(diào)提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。 In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products. 林則徐認(rèn)為，要成功地禁止鴉片買賣，就得首先把鴉片焚毀了。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the opium trade must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.,你一定很不善于學(xué)習(xí)，要不然就是教你的人很不會(huì)教。 You must be a very bad learner, or else you must be going to a very bad teacher. Exceptional cases: n.-v. 他的講演給聽眾的印象很深。 His speech impressed the audience deeply. 他在最后的一幕里占了很突出的地位。 She figured prominently in the last act.,V.-adj. (表示知覺、情感等心理狀態(tài)） 1、獲悉日本遭受大地震，我們極為關(guān)切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that Japan has been struck by the devastating earthquake. 2.、他們懷疑他是否負(fù)擔(dān)得起。 They are doubtful whether he can afford it. Advv 匆匆地下結(jié)論 jump to a conclusion 偷偷地看一眼 steal a glance 急忙趕來(lái)相助 rush to help 他笑著同意了。He smiled his consent.,Shift between voices (漢語(yǔ)重思維形態(tài)的主體性，主體“盡在不言中”。漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)-英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)） 飯?jiān)阱伬?，我在屋里?The meal has been prepared and Im waiting for you in the bedroom. 如果開支確屬必要，錢總是可以籌到的。 If the expenditure is really necessary, the money can be found/fund can be raised somehow.,v.-prep. 這種人鬧什么東西呢？鬧名譽(yù)，鬧地位，鬧出風(fēng)頭。 What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight. 有人給他撐腰。 He has someone behind him. 他是一個(gè)脫離了低級(jí)趣味的人。 He is a man above vulgar interests.,練習(xí) 社會(huì)透視：勸君別再湊熱鬧 一個(gè)扒手的自白 “人堆是我們作案的主要場(chǎng)所，一來(lái)人多了我們好下手，二來(lái)這些人往往只顧熱鬧、軋鬧猛，對(duì)自己所帶錢物很少注意，因此我們很容易得手?！?“到了街上，你不用愁找不到人堆，猴子耍把戲，賣狗皮膏藥的，還有其他各種灘頭的前面，都可以找到看熱鬧的人。即使一時(shí)沒有地?cái)偅阋膊挥贸?，街上騎車的、走路的這么多，總有相撞一下，或口角一下的，這樣又可以有人堆了。實(shí)在沒有人堆，可以制造。只要兩個(gè)人以假亂真，打上一架，保證馬上有成百人圍觀。”,Version A Perspective on Society: Please dont join in the fun A Pickpockets Confession Crowded places are where we choose to pick and steal because its easy for us to start among a crowd and those people are so deep in the fun(whats going on there) that they pay little attention to their purses and wallets. Our attempts can always come off without fail ( we get things /our job done easily).,Version In the street , it will never be difficult to find some crowds. There are curious crowds gathering in front of (around) jugglers (monkey shows), quacks(charlatans; mountebanks selling quack medicines) and stalls of all sorts. (In the street, you can always find crowds such as spectators around a circus, standers-by(bystanders) around a medicine peddler or onlookers before various stalls.) I never feel worried without them. There are so much traffic (so many people walking or riding bicycles) in the street and things like clashes and quarrels always happen. They can attract crowds of onlookers. Crowds can even be made.(If you are not lucky enough to find a crowd, you can make one.) If two persons start a pretended fight, Im sure there will be hundreds of people gathering and watching. (A pretended fight will be enough to attract hundreds of people),練習(xí) 黎明前的北平 天氣一天比一天寒冷。北海公園的湖上已結(jié)了厚厚的冰層，馬路兩旁樹木上的葉子已經(jīng)落盡，只有光禿禿的樹枝在寒風(fēng)中瑟瑟顫抖著。 北平已被強(qiáng)大的人民解放軍包圍，城門緊閉，糧食、蔬菜、魚肉都運(yùn)不進(jìn)來(lái)。我們吃著早已準(zhǔn)備的醬蘿卜，有時(shí)也用黃豆泡豆芽。,時(shí)不時(shí)可以聽見解放軍的炮聲。但是北平城內(nèi)還有著數(shù)量龐大的國(guó)民黨軍隊(duì)，雖然已如甕中之鱉，但如果負(fù)隅頑抗，仍將給人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成巨大的損失。何去何從？急待抉擇。當(dāng)時(shí)，統(tǒng)帥這批軍隊(duì)的傅作義將軍在無(wú)可奈何的情況下，邀請(qǐng)了北平的一些學(xué)者名流，征詢意見。 會(huì)場(chǎng)設(shè)在中南海內(nèi)，空氣異常嚴(yán)肅緊張。傅作義將軍作了簡(jiǎn)短的致詞，表示愿意虛心聽取大家的意見。墻上的掛鐘“滴答滴答”地響著，很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有人發(fā)言。大家只是用疑慮的眼光互相探詢著，擔(dān)心如果發(fā)言要求和平解放北平，會(huì)帶來(lái)很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。,最后，沉默的空氣還是被打破了。許多人紛紛發(fā)言，熱烈希望傅作義將軍以北平人民的安全和保護(hù)故都文化勝跡為重，盡量爭(zhēng)取早日和平解放北平。 傅作義將軍一直耐心而認(rèn)真地聽著大家的發(fā)言。最后，他站起來(lái)，表示感謝大家直言不諱。 會(huì)后，人們奔走相告，感到北平和平解放的希望越來(lái)越大，漫長(zhǎng)的黑夜終于即將過(guò)去。,Version Peking before Dawn It was getting colder and colder. The lake in Beihai Park was already covered with a thick layer of ice. Trees on both sides of the road were stripped of all their leaves, leaving only their bare branches shivering in the icy wind.,Peking was then besieged by the mighty Peoples Liberation Army. All the city gates were shut tight (strongly guarded), (shutting out all the food that was to come into the city)making it impossible to transport any food (grain, vegetable, meat and fish) from outside. Owing to the dwindling sources of food in the city, what we had for dishes were only (pickles)pickled radish which was prepared long before, and sometimes sprouts made of soybeans.,Every now and then came the thundering of cannons fired by the PLA. In the city, there were still a large contingent of Kuomingtang Troops in garrison. Stricken animals as they were, they might (endanger)bring about great loss of peoples lives and properties if they continued to resist desperately. General Fu Zuoyi, then the commander of the troops, was placed in a dilemma whether to surrender to the PLA or put up a desperate fight at the sacrifice of the city and the people. In an attempt to find a way out, he invited some distinguished scholars and celebrities in Peking to meet with him for their suggestions and advices.,The meeting was held in Zhongnanhai, then the headquarters of Fus troops, with an unusual tension permeating the air. To start with , General Fu expressed in his brief opening speech his willingness to hear all kinds of opinions from those present. But after his speech, the whole room fell into silence.( his speech was followed by an unusual silence). For a very long time, the only sound to be heard was the ticking of the wall clock. Glances of doubt and inquiry were exchanged and it was obvious that no one dared to speak because of the fear that they might be taking a great risk if they made any suggestion about giving up resistance.,Finally, someone found his voice to speak, breaking the silence and bringing the meeting to life. The participants, one after another, spoke to express their hope that General Fu would, valuing above everything else the safety of the people and the preservation of cultural and historical sites in the ancient capital, exert his efforts to do something for an earlier and peaceful liberation of Peking. All the while, General Fu listened with patience and attention. In the end, he stood up to express his appreciation to all the participants for their unreserved frankness.,The news spread around soon after the meeting. People in Peking were more and more assured that their hope for a peaceful liberation would come true and a long night of darkness would soon depart and a promising dawn was coming.,Culture: 1. The customs, beliefs, art, music, and all the other products of human thought made by a particular group of people at a particular time. e.g.: ancient Greek culture, a tribal culture pop culture Artistic and other activity of the mind and the works produced by this.,文化定義 1、人類在社會(huì)歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程中所創(chuàng)造的物質(zhì)財(cái)富和精神財(cái)富的總和。特別是精神財(cái)富，如文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、教育、科學(xué)等。 2、考古學(xué)用語(yǔ)，指同一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的不依分布地點(diǎn)為轉(zhuǎn)移的遺跡、遺物的綜合體。同樣的工具、用具，同樣的制造技術(shù)等，是同一種文化的特征，如： 仰韶文化、龍山文化 3、指運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言文字的能力及一般的知識(shí)，如： 文化水平、學(xué)文化,Leo Loveday, an American sociolinguist It does not refer to theatre going or the possession of a refrigerator. It refers to something rather abstract and difficult to grasp immediately as one is part of it. It involves the implicit norms and conventions of a society, its methods of going about doing things, its historically transmitted but also adaptive and creative ethos, its symbols and its organization of experience.,Culture is a historical phenomenon 龜 蛤蟆 a toad lusting after a swans flesh Elevation vs. degeneration Culture is a geographical phenomenon green hat/cap: an Aussies experience 龍 She was guarded by a woman obviously her mother, who tried to stare Hagan down with a cold arrogance that made him want to punch her in the face. The angel child and the dragon mother, Hagan thought, returning the mothers cold stare. ( The Godfather p54),十里蛙聲不斷，九溪曲流不斷。 You can hear frogs continuous crying in ten miles and can enjoy the babbling of the winding streams. 別以為熊貓長(zhǎng)得都一樣，嬌嬌是特別的漂亮。 You may think pandas look all alike, but Jiaojiao is particularly beautiful. 愛屋及烏 Love me, love my dog. dog red,The same is true of translation theory. It is not necessary for everyone to know translation theory, nor is it even necessary for pastors and teachers to know everything about translation theory. It is necessary for pastors and teachers in the American church at the end of the twentieth century to know something about translation theory, for two reasons.,First, it will affect the way we interpret the Bible for our people. If we are completely unaware of translation theory, we may unwittingly mislead our brothers and sisters in our interpretation. Second, there are so many English translations available, that no contemporary pastor will be able to escape the inevitable questions about which translations are superior.,譯文評(píng)價(jià)及改進(jìn),“Farewell, Mr. Jack, ” said the Doctor, standing up, on which we all stood up. “A prosperous voyage out, a thriving career abroad, and a happy return home!” “一路平安，杰克先生，”博士站起來(lái)說(shuō)道，于是我們大家都站起來(lái)了?！霸诼飞弦粋€(gè)順利的航程，在國(guó)外一種的事業(yè)，在將來(lái)一個(gè)快活的還鄉(xiāng)！” “再見，杰克先生，”博士站起來(lái)說(shuō)道，于是我們大家都站起來(lái)了?！白Ｄ匠添樌≡诤Ｍ馐聵I(yè)發(fā)達(dá)/繁榮！早日衣錦還鄉(xiāng)！”,“諸位記者！”他咳嗽了聲，站了起來(lái)。但是那些正在談笑的招待對(duì)象，并未注意他的動(dòng)作。連坐在附近的官方記者也沒有特別的反應(yīng)。 “Reporters!” He coughed and stood up.These who were invited were only chattering and laughing without paying any attention to his gesture. Even the governmental reporters sitting nearby failed to make special response. “Ladies and gentlemen!” He cleared his throat and stood up. The reporters being treated were still chat