2020版高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時達標4Unit4Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1.docx

課時達標(四) Unit 4 Earthquakes 閱讀理解A課標話題人與自我公民義務(wù)與社會責(zé)任體裁應(yīng)用文詞 數(shù) 278難度 When a Canadian woman was hit by a train and badly injured in northern Italy, rescue services quickly went to her aid on the tracks. But as they treated the victim, a young man photographed the scene from the station platform in a selfie(自拍) that has caused widespread anger. Corriere della Sera said he appeared to be making a “V for victory” sign with one hand while taking the shot with the other.Police caught the young selfietaker and forced him to delete his picture. The young man has been investigated(調(diào)查) and does not appear to have committed a crime. But the image of him pointing his mobile phone at the rescue scene has appeared on many front pages in Italy and it attracted incredulity to the investigation so that the public insisted that further investigations should be carried out.Journalist Giorgio Lambri, who pictured this young selfietaker, complained “we have completely lost a sense of morality”. Besides, a commentary in La Stampa spoke of “a cancer that affects the Internet”. The young man who took the selfie was not bad, argued Antonella Boralevi. Instead, he had turned off his soul and his personality and become an “automaton(機械行事之人) of the Internet”What remains unclear is how the young woman was hit by a train in the first place. According to reports at the time, the control system for closing the trains doors was faulty and the woman may have fallen out of the train while opening a door on the wrong side. However, there was also a suggestion that she may have been rushing to board the train as it was leaving the station.語篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要講述了一名男子在救援現(xiàn)場自拍引發(fā)了公眾的不滿和批評。1What does the underlined word “incredulity” probably mean?ASuspicionBResistance.CAttentionDSensitivity.解析A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上一句可知，男子被調(diào)查后發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒有犯過罪，再結(jié)合畫線詞后的the publiccarried out可知，公眾要求對其進行進一步調(diào)查，故可推知，公眾應(yīng)該是懷疑警方之前的調(diào)查結(jié)果，故選A項。2According to Antonella Boralevi, the man who took the selfie _.Awas a bad personBwas not very moralCshould be forgivenDdid this automatically解析D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，Antonella Boralevi認為拍照的男子本性不壞，只是過分沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)和自拍，遇到什么事都會不自覺拍照，故選D項。3What does the last paragraph focus on?AThe failure of the trains doors.BThe process of the woman being hit.CThe likely causes of the train accident.DThe severity of the womans injuries.解析C主旨大意題。最后一段主要探究女子是如何被火車撞到的，即火車事故發(fā)生的可能原因，故選C項。4Where can we probably find this article?AIn a reviewBIn a newspaper.CIn a research reportDIn a photography magazine.解析B文章出處題。本文主要講述了一名男子因在救援現(xiàn)場自拍而引發(fā)公眾的不滿和批評，屬于紀實性新聞，最可能出現(xiàn)在報紙上，故選B項。B課標話題人與自然自然災(zāi)害與防范體裁說明文詞 數(shù) 372難度 In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, “No, thanks. Ive got a good horse under me.”The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system, but there simply wasnt enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city planners that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet.This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into mainfloors, or hoist(吊起) the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small woodframe buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a sixstory brick building?Thats where George Pullman came in. He had developed some housemoving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤頂) beneath the buildings foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullmans sign each man turned his jackscrews by the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didnt even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicagos early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicagos waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the citys next step was to clean the polluted river.語篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要介紹了芝加哥為了應(yīng)對洪水泛濫的問題而實行的一些解決方案。5The author mentions the joke in Paragraph 1 to show _.Ahorses were fairly useful in ChicagoBChicagos streets were extremely muddyCChicago was very dangerous in the springDthe Chicago people were particularly humorous解析B寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可推知，作者提及這個笑話是為了表明芝加哥的街道曾經(jīng)非常泥濘，故選B項。6The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to _.Aget rid of the street dirtBlower the Chicago RiverCfight against heavy floodsDbuild the pipes above ground解析D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，Ellis Chesbrough讓城市規(guī)劃者相信在地上建管道才能解決洪水泛濫帶來的問題，故選D項。7What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?AIt went on smoothly as intended.BIt interrupted the business of the hotel.CIt involved Pullman in turning ten jackscrews.DIt separated the building from its foundation.解析A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，用螺旋千斤頂把the Tremont Hotel升高時，賓館正常營業(yè)，很多顧客甚至對此一無所知，即此事進展順利，故選A項。8The passage is mainly about the early Chicagos _.Apopular lifestyles and their influencesBenvironmental disasters and their causesCengineering problems and their solutionsDsuccessful businessmen and their achievements解析C主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講述早期芝加哥在應(yīng)對洪水泛濫的過程中，一些建筑工程曾面臨的問題及所采取的相應(yīng)解決辦法，故選C項。 七選五課標話題人與自然自然科學(xué)研究成果體裁說明文詞 數(shù) 204難度 A new study suggests that the timing of a wound affects the speed at which it heals. Wounds suffered during the day heal around 60 percent faster than those at night.The study showed how the bodies circadian rhythm(晝夜節(jié)律) controlled the healing of wounds. _1_ It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a cyclea series of activities that repeat themselves day after day. _2_ In the study, researchers found that skin cells moved faster to repair wounds suffered during the day. Their findings were published in the journal Science Translational Medicine.The researchers examined cells, mice, and burnt injury databases. _3_ Nighttime burnsburns suffered between 8 oclock at night and 8 oclock the next morningwere 95 percent healed after an average of 28 days.But after an average of 17 days, daytime burnsburns suffered between 8 oclock in the morning and 8 oclock at nightwere 95 percent healed. _4_ Wounds are very costly to treat. _5_ In Britains National Health Services, for example, such services cost around $6.56 billion per yearExperts say the high costs result, in part, from a lack of drugs that speed up the closure of wounds.AEach cycle lasts about 24 hours.BThe circadian rhythm is like a clock or timer.CSpecifically, their investigation found the following information.DThe new studys findings could help scientists develop better drugs.EIn other words, nighttime injuries took an average of 11 days longer to heal.FWorldwide, billions of dollars are spent every year on woundtreatment services.GThats what a group of researchers from a university in Canada recently published.語篇導(dǎo)讀本文主要介紹了人體晝夜節(jié)律影響傷口愈合速度的研究結(jié)果。1解析B順承關(guān)系。本段主要介紹人體晝夜節(jié)律的定義和功能。根據(jù)空前的circadian rhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)和空后的It tells our bodies when to wake up, eat and sleep in a cycle可知，B項符合語境，其中的The circadian rhythm承接上文，故選B項。2.解析A順承關(guān)系?？涨爸v到了人體晝夜節(jié)律的功能，A項進一步介紹人體晝夜節(jié)律的基本情況，其中的Each cycle與空前一句中的a cycle呼應(yīng)，故選A項。3解析C順承關(guān)系?？涨耙痪渲v到研究人員檢查了細胞、老鼠和燒傷的數(shù)據(jù)庫，空后是研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)，C項承上啟下，符合語境，故選C項。4解析E總結(jié)關(guān)系。上一段講述夜晚傷口的愈合情況，本段講述白天傷口的愈合情況，再結(jié)合選項內(nèi)容可知，E項符合語境，故選E項。5解析F詮釋關(guān)系。本段第一句是中心句，主要講述治療傷口的費用昂貴，F(xiàn)項符合語境，故選F項?？旖猓罕径沃饕v的是治療傷口的費用昂貴，選項中只有F項提到了費用問題，據(jù)此可直接鎖定答案。 短文改錯(2019河北辛集中學(xué)月考)Dear Mike，Im sorry to hear that you are in hospital with eyesight decreasing and some other . I hope you will recover soon.Y