高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用法講解.doc

、、、、、關(guān)系代詞的用法英語(yǔ)中的關(guān)系代詞有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它們的用法如下：1、who，whom的用法who和whom指人，who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)；whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略。在口語(yǔ)中可用who代替whom。In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. 起初，買(mǎi)到西紅柿的人常常會(huì)生氣。(作主語(yǔ))The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你應(yīng)該給他寫(xiě)信的人是波爾先生。(whom作賓語(yǔ)能省略)His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. 他很愛(ài)你的母親，她于1818年去世了。（whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)但不能省略）2、whose的用法whose 指人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，指物時(shí)?？捎胦f which取代。I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有個(gè)朋友，他父親是市長(zhǎng)。We lived in a house whose window faces south. 我們住在窗口朝南的房子里。3、which 的用法which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略。Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world. 今天，那些曾經(jīng)只在中國(guó)生長(zhǎng)的果樹(shù)能夠在世界上許多地方看到了。（作主語(yǔ)，不能省略）They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.他們需要一種不像水稻那樣需要水的作物。（作主語(yǔ)，不能省略）It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用來(lái)記錄乘客所購(gòu)買(mǎi)的車(chē)票。(作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)He came late, which we all know. 我們都知道，他來(lái)晚了。（作賓語(yǔ)，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不省略）4、that 的用法that 多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指物時(shí)其用法和which大致相同，但也有區(qū)別。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有來(lái)自農(nóng)村的人工作都更努力。（that指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略）This is all (that) I can tell you. 這是我能告訴你的全部情況。（that指物，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，常省略）This is the best play that was written by Jack. 這是杰克寫(xiě)的最好的一個(gè)劇本。（that指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不能省略）She is the only person(that) I can trust. 她是我唯一可以依賴(lài)的人。（that指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）5、關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別（1)相同點(diǎn)這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，都可以指物；在從句中都可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)都可省略。The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai.剛開(kāi)的那列火車(chē)是去上海的。(作主語(yǔ))The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我們昨天晚上看的電影好極了。(作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)（2）用that，不用which的情況當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)。all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等不定代詞時(shí)（something之后也可用which）。To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要開(kāi)始工作，我所需要的是你的許可。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事嗎?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他幾乎沒(méi)有回答老師的那些問(wèn)題。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.這是這家書(shū)店售出的最有趣的書(shū)之一。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.該做的第一件事是弄點(diǎn)吃的。當(dāng)先行詞有the very，the only，the same等修飾時(shí)。Thats the only thing that we can do now.目前我們只能這樣了。Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原話(huà)。當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)既指人又指物的并列詞組時(shí)。They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他們?cè)谡務(wù)撛诠S里看到的人和事。They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他們聊起他們所能記得起的學(xué)校里的人和事來(lái)，聊了約半個(gè)鐘頭。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。China is not the country that it was.中國(guó)已經(jīng)不是過(guò)去的中國(guó)了。當(dāng)要避免與疑問(wèn)詞which重復(fù)時(shí)。Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪輛車(chē)是北京制造的?當(dāng)先行詞為the way, the time, the period等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that，但通常被省略。I dont like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜歡你對(duì)她說(shuō)話(huà)的方式。（3）用which，不用that的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一項(xiàng)有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. 卡羅爾說(shuō)這項(xiàng)工作將在十月前做，對(duì)此我個(gè)人表示懷疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 桃樂(lè)茜總是吹噓她在戲劇中的角色，這當(dāng)然使別人不高興。直接放在介詞后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other.語(yǔ)言是最重要的工具，沒(méi)有它，人們便無(wú)法交流。巧記that和which的區(qū)別：that，which可互換，下列請(qǐng)況勿照辦；that情況比較多，不妨對(duì)你說(shuō)一說(shuō)；不定代詞這路貨，全用that準(zhǔn)沒(méi)錯(cuò)；先行詞前被限制，千萬(wàn)不要用which；要用which別著急，介詞提前逗隔離。6、關(guān)系代詞who與that的區(qū)別（1）當(dāng)先行詞是he、people、those等時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞常用who。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。Those who are for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人請(qǐng)舉手。Ill never forget the people who have helped me. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那些幫助過(guò)我的人。（2）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞作定語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)常用that。She isnt the little girl that she used to be. 她再也不是過(guò)去的那個(gè)小姑娘了。He is the man that I asked for help yesterday.他就是我昨天求助的人。7、as的用法（1）as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常構(gòu)成such.as或the same.as固定搭配，as在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那種工具。(作賓語(yǔ))Many of the sports were the same as they are now.過(guò)去的許多運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目同現(xiàn)在的一樣。(作表語(yǔ))Dont read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand.不要讀那些不值得讀的書(shū)，只去讀那些你能讀懂的書(shū)就可以了。He lent me as much money as he had.她把所有的錢(qián)借給了我。Repeat this as often as is necessary.根據(jù)需要反復(fù)這樣做。(作主語(yǔ))（2）suchthat與suchas“suchthat”表示“如此以致”的意思，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；而“suchas”表“像這樣的”的意思，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中充當(dāng)主、賓或表語(yǔ)等。He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一個(gè)如此誠(chéng)實(shí)的人以至于我們都尊敬他。He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我煤泥烘干機(jī)們所尊敬的這種誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。（3）the samethat與the same as“the samethat”表同一人或物，而“the sameas”表同種類(lèi)的東西。試比較下列兩個(gè)句子：This is the same book that I lost.這就是我丟失那本書(shū)。（指同一本書(shū)）This is the same book as I lost.這本書(shū)跟我丟失那本書(shū)一模一樣。（并不是原來(lái)的那一本）（4）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句as作關(guān)系代詞，還可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可以用來(lái)代替一個(gè)句子或單詞，as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.眾所周知，月球一月繞地球一周土工格柵。8、but 的用法but既可指人，又可指物，常在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。but 本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相當(dāng)于“that/which/whonot”。它前面的主句必須有“否定”的詞(如no, not, little, few, hardly等)。but引導(dǎo)的肯定定語(yǔ)從句和否定的主句連用，通過(guò)雙重否定達(dá)到強(qiáng)烈肯定的效果。There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who doesnt love her children.)沒(méi)有不愛(ài)自己子女的母親。There were few people but were hurt.(= There were few people who/that were not hurt.)幾乎沒(méi)有人不受傷。9、than的用法than既可指人，又可指物，可作關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，than前通常有比較級(jí)的詞。Dont give children more money than is needed.給孩子們的錢(qián)不要超過(guò)所需。He has got more than he asked for.他所得到的比他所要求的還要多。Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.來(lái)參加晚會(huì)的朋友比我們預(yù)料的還要少。關(guān)系副詞英語(yǔ)中的關(guān)系副詞有where，when，why等。1、when的用法when指時(shí)間，修飾表時(shí)間的先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從何中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天氣很熱的月份。He came last night when I was out. 他昨晚來(lái)時(shí)，我出去了。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?你還記得十年前的一個(gè)下午，我到你家借項(xiàng)鏈的事嗎?2、where的用法where指地點(diǎn)，修飾表地點(diǎn)的先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎住了五十年后，他回到他童年時(shí)生活的小城鎮(zhèn)。I can still remember the sitting-room where my mother and I used to sit in the evening.我還記得那間我媽媽和我晚上常坐在一起的起居室。She will go home where she can rest. 她要回家了，在家里她可以休息。One morning, an elephant was led down the road where they stood. 一天上午，有人趕著一頭象沿著他們站立的那條路走過(guò)來(lái)。注意：先行詞為表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞不一定都用when或where。如果關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，就要用關(guān)系代詞whch或that。This is the factory that/which we visited last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那家工廠。I wont forget the time that we spent in the countryside.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我在農(nóng)村度過(guò)的那段時(shí)光。3、why的用法why指原因，修飾名詞reason，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。This is the reason why he did so. 這就是他這樣做了的理由。Do you know the reason why he left early?你知道香椿苗他為什么早走嗎？巧記定語(yǔ)從句的用法主句型，從句型，兩種句子要完整。從句緊靠先行詞