英語必修1-2語法總復(fù)習.ppt

幫你復(fù)習 語法 直接英語和間接英語句型轉(zhuǎn)換 一 句型的變化 一 如果直接引語是陳述句 間接引語一般是用that來引導 口語中that?？梢允÷?Iliketolistentorockmusic saidPeter Petersaidthathelikedtolistentorockmusic 溫馨提示 如果直接引語中出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的陳述句并列時 第一個that可以省略 后面一個不能省略 以免引起歧義 如 Theteachersaid Thetextisveryimportant Youshouldlearnitbyheart Theteachersaid that thetextisimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart 二 如果直接引語是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句時 間接引語常變?yōu)橛蓋hether if引導 而且要用陳述句語序 如 1 Theboyaskedhismother CanIgotoplayfootballwithmyfriendsonSaturday Theboyaskedhismotherwhether ifhecouldgotoplayfootballwithhisfriendsonSaturday 2 Willyougotothemuseumthisweekendornextweekend LiHuaaskedme LiHuaaskedmewhether ifIwouldgotothemuseumthisweekendorthenextweekend 三 如果直接引語是特殊問句 間接引語用特殊疑問詞引導 而且用陳述句語序 如 Howmuchtimedoyouspendonthehomework heaskedme HeaskedmehowmuchtimeIspentonthehomework 四 如果間接引語是表示請求 提議 建議 勸告等意義的問句 要借助其他句型結(jié)構(gòu)來表達 如 1 Wouldyoubuymesomestampswhileyouareintheoffice Hesaidtome HeaskedmetobuyhimsomestampswhileIamintheoffice 2 Whydon tyoucomeandplayfootballwithme Heasked Headvisedmetoplayfootballwithhim 溫馨提示 表示請求 勸告時 通常用 ask advise want等 賓語 動詞不定式 結(jié)構(gòu) 五 如果直接引語是祈使句 間接引語要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改 即改為 tell ask order warn advise等 sb not todosth 如 1 Thepolicemansaidtothechildren Don tplayfootballinthestreet Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet 2 Listentomecarefully please theteachersaidtous Theteachertoldustolistentohimcarefully 溫馨提示 如果祈使句中出現(xiàn)了please 在間接引語中必須省略 六 如果直接引語是感嘆句 變間接引語時 用what how或that來引述 如 Whatabeautifulhouseitis hesaidtome Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse 二 時態(tài)的變化 一 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r 則間接引語中的時態(tài)不變 如 Hesays I mtootired Hesays that heistootired 二 如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時 則間接引語中的時態(tài)相應(yīng)地變?yōu)榕c過去相關(guān)的時態(tài) 具體變化如下 一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時 1 Theoldmansaid GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina TheoldmansaidthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinChina 2 WangLiniswaitingforyououtsideoftheschoolgate LiFangsaidtome LiFangtoldmethatWangLinwaswaitingformeoutsideoftheschoolgate 溫馨提示1 當轉(zhuǎn)述的是客觀事實 科學真理 格言或諺語 重復(fù)出現(xiàn)或現(xiàn)在習慣性的動作時 間接引語的時態(tài)不變化 如 1 Hesaid Theearthtravelsaroundthesun Hesaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun 2 Failureisthemotherofsuccess Theteachersaidtous Theteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess 溫馨提示2 當直接引語中的謂語動詞含有情態(tài)動詞must need oughtto hadbetter等 變間接引語時 間接引語中謂語動詞的形式不變 如 1 Hesaid Youhadbetteraskforhelpwhenyouareintrouble HesaidthatIhadbetteraskforhelpwhenIwasintrouble 三 人稱代詞的變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時 間接引語中作主語的人稱代詞或其他物主代詞要作相應(yīng)的變化 一般情況下要遵循以下幾條原則 一 直接引語的主語是第一人稱 變?yōu)殚g接引語時 要和主句的主語保持一致 如 CanIuseyourbikeforamoment theboysaidtome Theboyaskedmewhetherhecouldusemybikeformoment 二 直接引語的主語是第二人稱 變?yōu)殚g接引語時 要和主句的賓語保持一致 如 TheteacheraskedJoan Whyareyoulateagain TheteacheraskedJoanwhyshewaslateagain 三 直接引語的主語是第三人稱 變?yōu)殚g接引語時 間接引語中的主語人稱不變 如 Heaskedme HowlonghasTeddystayedinChina HeaskedmehowlonghasTeddystayedinChina 四 主句謂語動詞的變化 一 直接引語是陳述句 謂語動詞是say said 的不變 是saidtosb 常變?yōu)閠oldsb 如 Hesaidtohisfriend Iamgladtoseeyou Hetoldhisfriendthathewasgladtoseehim 二 直接引語是特殊疑問句 一般疑問句或選擇疑問句 said變?yōu)閍sked saidtosb 變?yōu)閍skedsb 如 Howcanyoudothat MarysaidtoBetty MaryaskedBettyhowshecoulddothat 三 直接引語是祈使句 變間接引語時 謂語動詞可根據(jù)語氣強弱選則beg advise ask tell order warn等 如果祈使句是否定句 還需在不定式符號to前加not 如 Isaidtoher Pleasepassmeaglassofwater Iaskedhertopassmeaglassofwater Shesaid Don tsmokeinthepublicplace Shetoldmenottosmokeinthepublicplace 四 直接引語是感嘆句 變間接引語時 引述動詞常用tell exclaim或say等 如 Howwellhelooks hesaid Heexclaimedhowwellhelooked Hesaidthathelookedwell 五 指示代詞 時間狀語 地點狀語和方向性動詞的變化 一 指示代詞的變化thisthatthesethose但有時如果所說的東西就在眼前 也可不變 如 Hesaid Ilikethisbook Hesaidthathelikedthisbook 書在眼前 二 時間狀語的變化todaythatdaythismorning afternoon etc thatmorning afternoon etc yesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthefollowing nextdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodayslaternextweek month etc thenextweek month etc lastweek monththeweek monthbeforenowthen 如果引述的時間和說話時間相同 如就在同年 同月 同日 時間狀語也可不變 如 MrBlacksaid IvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalltheyearbefore MrBlacksaidthathehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear 三 地點和方向性動詞的變化heretherecomego如果說話人所在地和引述地點相同 here come也可不變 如 Hesaid Iwillcomeherethisevening Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethisevening 同時同地引述 Hesaidthathewouldgotherethatevening 鞏固練習 將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語或直接引語1 Hesaidtome Iwrotealettertomyparentslastweek He methat aletterto parents 2 Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest mothersaidtoherdaughter Mother herdaughterthatthesun uptheeastand inthewest toldhehadwritten histheweekbefore told rises sets 3 Don tbelateagain Jim saidtheteacher Theteacher belateagain 4 HaveyouseenthefilmHarryPotter heasked Heaskedme thefilmHarryPotter 5 MrWangaskedthestudentshowtheycouldimprovetheirspokenEnglish improve spokenEnglish MrWangsaidtothestudents toldJimnotto ifIhadseen Howcanyouyour GrammarII定語從句 1 定語從句的分類2 定語從句的引導詞3 關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)和先行詞之間的關(guān)系4 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況6 as引導的兩種定語從句 3 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome that themachine who theboy whose theboy s where intheschool 關(guān)系代詞實際上是先行詞的復(fù)指 關(guān)系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格 關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞 先行詞 4 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況 Fillintheblanks usingrelativepron orrelativeadv 1 Thisisthefactory Ionceworked 2 Thisisthefactory I vevisited 3 Theday IalwaysrememberisOct 1 4 Theday NanjingwasliberatedisSep 11 5 Thereason hehasn tcomeisthathehasbeenill 6 Don tbelievethereason hegiveyou where that which that which when why that AttributiveClause NOTES 1 當表示時間 地點 原因的名詞 day time place factory reason等作先行詞 在定語從句中作狀語時 用when where why 在從句中作主語或賓語時 就用that或which 5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況 Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition wehavetwochoices Placingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformal eg Thewomanwho whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress ThepaintingatwhichIlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedisacollegestudent AttributiveClause Prep which whom1 介詞與定語從句的先行詞是一種習慣性的搭配 Thefarm Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook 2 介詞與從句中的動詞是一種習慣性的搭配 Whoistheman ourteacherisshakinghands 3 介詞與從句中的形容詞一起構(gòu)成一種習慣性的搭配 Oursisabeautifulcountry wearegreatlyproud onwhich withwhom ofwhich AttributiveClause 4 表示 所有格 或 整體中的部分 時 用介詞of Thereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory 80percent arewomen ofwhom C Fillintheblanks usingrelativepronoun relativeadv orprepositionwithwhich whom Inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp 2 Whenyoureadthebook you dbettermakeamark youhaveanyquestions 3 Barcelonaisthecity the25thSummerOlympicwereheld towhom where where 1 Doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebook shepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich 介詞 關(guān)系代詞練習 6 Thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 Chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheYellowRiver 8 Thetower peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill 9 Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling 10 Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear fromwhich towhom ofwhich ofwhich underwhich as引導的非限制性定語從句 Theearthisround isknowntoall Theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround It which as As It as具有正如之意 與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 定語從句在句首時只能用as ThisisthesamepenasIlost ThisisthesamepenthatIlost Pleasecompare 這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣 這本書就是我丟的那本 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare as that 這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書 定語從句 這本書如此有趣 大家都喜歡 結(jié)果狀語從句 1 定語從句的分類2 定語從句的引導詞3 關(guān)系詞的實質(zhì)和先行詞之間的關(guān)系4 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況6 as引導的兩種定語從句 3 先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系 Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome that themachine who theboy whose theboy s where intheschool 關(guān)系代詞實際上是先行詞的復(fù)指 關(guān)系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格 關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞 先行詞 4 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法及其容易混用的情況 Fillintheblanks usingrelativepron orrelativeadv 1 Thisisthefactory Ionceworked 2 Thisisthefactory I vevisited 3 Theday IalwaysrememberisOct 1 4 Theday NanjingwasliberatedisSep 11 5 Thereason hehasn tcomeisthathehasbeenill 6 Don tbelievethereason hegiveyou where that which that which when why that AttributiveClause NOTES 1 當表示時間 地點 原因的名詞 day time place factory reason等作先行詞 在定語從句中作狀語時 用when where why 在從句中作主語或賓語時 就用that或which 5 介詞加關(guān)系代詞的情況 Whenweusearelativepronounwithapreposition wehavetwochoices Placingtheprepositionbeforetherelativepronounismoreformal eg Thewomanwho whomSpielbergismarriedtoisanactress ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress ThepaintingatwhichIlookedwaspaintedbyVincentvanGogh Thegirlwithwhomyoutalkedisacollegestudent AttributiveClause Prep which whom1 介詞與定語從句的先行詞是一種習慣性的搭配 Thefarm Ionceworkedhastakenonanewlook 2 介詞與從句中的動詞是一種習慣性的搭配 Whoistheman ourteacherisshakinghands 3 介詞與從句中的形容詞一起構(gòu)成一種習慣性的搭配 Oursisabeautifulcountry wearegreatlyproud onwhich withwhom ofwhich AttributiveClause 4 表示 所有格 或 整體中的部分 時 用介詞of Thereareoveronethousandworkersinthefactory 80percent arewomen ofwhom C Fillintheblanks usingrelativepronoun relativeadv orprepositionwithwhich whom Inthedarkstreet therewasn tasingleperson shecouldturnforhelp 2 Whenyoureadthebook you dbettermakeamark youhaveanyquestions 3 Barcelonaisthecity the25thSummerOlympicwereheld towhom where where 1 Doyoulikethebookshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebook shepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks 5 Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies onwhich forwhich fromwhich aboutwhich throughwhich 介詞 關(guān)系代詞練習 6 Thereisatalltreeoutside standsourteacher 7 Chinahasalotofrivers thesecondlongest istheYellowRiver 8 Thetower peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill 9 Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling 10 Hepaidtheboy 10forwashingtenwindows most hadn tbeencleanedforatleastayear fromwhich towhom ofwhich ofwhich underwhich as引導的非限制性定語從句 Theearthisround isknowntoall Theearthisround isknowntoall isknowntoall theearthisround isknowntoallthattheearthisround It which as As It as具有正如之意 與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 定語從句在句首時只能用as ThisisthesamepenasIlost ThisisthesamepenthatIlost Pleasecompare 這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣 這本書就是我丟的那本 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllikeit Thisissointerestingabook wealllikeit as that Pleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare as that 這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書 定語從句 這本書如此有趣 大家都喜歡 結(jié)果狀語從句 GrammarIII被動語態(tài) 3 一般將來時的被動語態(tài) 2 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài) 1 一般過去時的被動語態(tài) was weredone has havebeendone will begoingto bedone 4 進行時的被動語態(tài) be beingdone Choosetherightanswers 1 Thenewfactory inourcitylastyear builtB hasbuiltC isbuildingD wasbuilt2 Thiskindofmachine cuttingpaper A usesforB isusingforC isusestoD isusedfor3 Weknowthatthiskindofbike inShenzhen ismadeB makesC ismaking4 Thisdressis silk makeofB madeofC madein 5 Beijingwill beautifulflowerswhenNationalDaycomes A coverB coverwithC becoveredD becoveredwith6 Theriversmellsterrible Peoplemust dirtythingsintoit A bestoppedtothrowB bestoppedfromthrowingC stoptothrowD stopfromthrowing7 Thiswork nextMonday A mayfinishB finishC finishesD maybefinished8 Thekey forlockingtheclassroomdoor A usesB isusedC isusingD use MultipleChoice 1 Ifthework youcangoandplaygames A finishedB hasfinishedC willbefinishedD isfinished 2 Itwasrainingheavilyoutside thechildrenweremade intheclassroom 4 Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful rubbish intotheriver A nee