定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句的區(qū)別和比較.doc

定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句考點(diǎn)一 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1whose是一個(gè)表示所屬關(guān)系的詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，of which可以代替whose指物，詞序一般是名詞of which或of which名詞。of whom 可以代替whose指人，詞序是名詞of whom。Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.父母親在大城市里打工的許多孩子在村莊里被照顧的非常好。The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.那座在暴風(fēng)雨中屋頂受損的古廟現(xiàn)在正在維修中。2which，that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that；which代指前面整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容。They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school.關(guān)于他們記得的上學(xué)時(shí)的人和事，他們討論了一小時(shí)。The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information.因特網(wǎng)是一個(gè)龐大的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，它使得世界上成千上萬的人們共享信息成為可能。3who，whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.近千人在這一社區(qū)居住，他們當(dāng)中很多都是從農(nóng)村老家來城市尋求更好的日子的?？键c(diǎn)二 介詞提前了的定語(yǔ)從句 1與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成搭配。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個(gè)人能為她提供幫助。2與定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞構(gòu)成搭配。Patience，without which you cant do the work well，is a kind of quality.耐心是一種品質(zhì)。沒有了耐心，你不能做好工作。3ofwhich/whom表示所屬關(guān)系。(表所屬關(guān)系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price)was very reasonable.最近我買了個(gè)古老的花瓶，它的價(jià)錢很合理?？键c(diǎn)三 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，when指時(shí)間，where指地點(diǎn)，why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ)。Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids.我有時(shí)間和孩子們一起度過一天的機(jī)會(huì)很少。After graduation Id like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.畢業(yè)后我要找到一份能利用在學(xué)校所學(xué)知識(shí)的一份工作。2先行詞是時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，如果在從句中不作狀語(yǔ)，則不能用when或where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而要用which/that。Is this the reason(that /which)he gave us for the delay of the project?這是他給出工程推遲的原因嗎？考點(diǎn)四 先行詞為point, situation, case等的定語(yǔ)從句 point，situation，case，activity等，從表面上看它們不是表地點(diǎn)的，但卻表示類似地點(diǎn)的意義，因此它們作先行詞時(shí)，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞要用where；如果不作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where作狀語(yǔ))把孩子放在一個(gè)能使他們從另外一個(gè)角度認(rèn)識(shí)自己的環(huán)境中對(duì)他們有益。I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.(where作狀語(yǔ))我已經(jīng)到了應(yīng)該自己作決定的那個(gè)人生階段。Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作賓語(yǔ))現(xiàn)在只有一點(diǎn)我希望你弄清楚?？键c(diǎn)五 主語(yǔ)從句 主語(yǔ)從句在主句中作主語(yǔ)，位于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，但多數(shù)情況下由it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子的后面，其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itben./adj.that/whether/why/when從句。It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.我真的沒有想到你能說服他改變主意。It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.盡管已經(jīng)有兩千名病人服用了這種藥品，但是，這種藥品會(huì)帶來什么副作用還不明確。Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasnt been proved up to now.外太空是否存在像地球上一樣的生物迄今尚未確定考點(diǎn)六 同位語(yǔ)從句 1同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt 等名詞的后面，是對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋，說明前面名詞的具體含義。There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100meter race.看起來似乎李華在一百米比賽中沒有可能獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.歐洲人普遍相信雞湯可以幫助治愈流感。The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country should equally share the expense of the committee.每一個(gè)成員國(guó)是否均等分擔(dān)委員會(huì)的費(fèi)用在會(huì)議上提出。I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。2同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明，引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制，引導(dǎo)詞在句中作一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。(此句為同位語(yǔ)從句，進(jìn)一步解釋“the news”的內(nèi)容)The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定語(yǔ)從句，它指的是“你昨天告訴我的那個(gè)消息”)考點(diǎn)七 表語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)，位于主句的系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連詞有that，whether，as if；疑問代詞有who，what，which；疑問副詞where，why，when，how等。The problem is that we dont have much time left.問題是我們剩下的時(shí)間很少。My question is who is responsible for all this.我的問題是誰對(duì)這事負(fù)責(zé)?？键c(diǎn)八“疑問詞ever”與“no matter疑問詞”的區(qū)別 “疑問詞ever”與“no matter疑問詞”雖然都有“無論”的意思，但是用法有區(qū)別：“疑問詞ever”既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，而“no matter疑問詞只能用來引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。The poor young man is ready to accept whatever help he can get.這位可憐的年青人無論什么樣的幫助都樂意接受。The howto book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.指南類的書對(duì)想從事這項(xiàng)工作的人會(huì)有幫助。Whatever/No matter what you say ，I will not believe you.無論你說什么，我都不會(huì)相信你。語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練1(2011年高考重慶卷) It is still under discussion_ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.AwhetherBwhenCwhich Dwhere解析：本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那個(gè)舊公交車站是否應(yīng)該被一家現(xiàn)代化賓館所取代仍在討論中?！癐t”作形式主語(yǔ)，“_the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意及題干中的“or not”可知答案為whether，“whether.or not”在名詞性從句中意為：是否。 答案：A2(2011年高考湖南卷) Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious_the problem itself is.Awhat BthatCwhich Dwhy解析：本題考查名詞性從句。句意：在一個(gè)問題得到解決之前，必須要清楚問題本身是什么。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知it作形式主語(yǔ)，后面的“_ the problem itself is ”作真正的主語(yǔ)，該從句缺少表語(yǔ)，故用what引導(dǎo)。 答案：A3(2011年高考四川卷) The school shop，_customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.Awhich BwhoseCwhen Dwhere解析：句意：這家校內(nèi)商店放假時(shí)關(guān)門，它的顧客主要是學(xué)生。考查定語(yǔ)從句。本句沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞，故可判斷逗號(hào)后面是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；本句先行詞是the school shop，還原到從句后為：The school shops customers are mainly students.因此選B，用whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。 答案：B4(2011年高考山東卷)The old town has narrow streets and small houses_are built close to each other.Athey BwhereCwhat Dthat解析：句意：這個(gè)古老的小鎮(zhèn)擁有建造得彼此靠得很近的狹窄街道和小房子。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是narrow streets and small houses，還原到從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞that。A和C不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B是關(guān)系副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)。 答案：D5(2011年高考湖南卷)Julie was good at German, French and Russian，all of_she spoke fluently.Awho BwhomCwhich Dthat解析：句意：Julie擅長(zhǎng)德語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和俄語(yǔ)，所有的(三門語(yǔ)言)她都說得很流利。先行詞為German，F(xiàn)rench，Russian，代入定語(yǔ)從句后為：She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可見，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作of的賓語(yǔ)，先行詞指“物”，且介詞提前，故用which。 答案：C6(2012年武漢聯(lián)考)Faced with trouble or difficulty，a person takes_ help that is available.AwhateverBwheneverCwherever Dhowever解析：句意：面對(duì)困難或挫折，一個(gè)人會(huì)接受任何可能得到的幫助。whatever在此修飾help，意為“無論什么”，而其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，不作形容詞，不能修飾名詞，故排除。 答案：A7. (2011年銀川調(diào)研)She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_ it takes to save her life.Awhichever BhoweverCwhatever Dwhoever解析：句意：她對(duì)我們彌足珍貴。我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好盡一切努力挽救她的生命。這里的whatever既作take的賓語(yǔ)，也引導(dǎo)do后的賓語(yǔ)從句。 答案：C8(2011年鄭州調(diào)研)Being angry is OK, but knowing how to tell someone_made you angry is important.Athat BwhichCwhy Dwhat解析：考查名詞性從句。句意：生氣沒什么，但是知道如何告訴別人什么導(dǎo)致你生氣是很重要的。tell someone之后是賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句缺少主語(yǔ)，因此空處填what。 答案：D9Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two days ago， _some have gone bad due to the bad weather.Aof those Bfrom whichCof which Din which解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處表示“其中的一些西紅柿”，故用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。答案：C10Everyone will go through lifes stages of ups and downs，_selfrespect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.Awhen BwhichC. as D. that解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：每個(gè)人都將經(jīng)歷人生的浮沉階段，其間，自尊在一個(gè)人的成熟過程中起著關(guān)鍵作用。根據(jù)句意可知，后半句是定語(yǔ)從句，when在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 答案：A11(2012年揚(yáng)州測(cè)試)_you didnt know the rules wont be an excuse for your failure to report.AThat BWhereCWhat DWhy解析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：不要把你不知道規(guī)則作為你報(bào)道失敗的借口。that引導(dǎo)陳述句作主語(yǔ)，that不能省略。答案：A12(2012年南京模擬)In recent years, there has been a heated argument about_it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.Awhether BifCwhat Dthat解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句?？瞻滋幵诮樵~about之后，表示“是否”之意，且在介詞之后引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，只能用whether，介詞后通常不用if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。答案：A13The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware_she had gone.Athat where Bof the place which Cof what