高中英語閱讀之猜測詞義課件人教版必修一.ppt

welcometoourclass 囧 今天好囧啊 等了半天打不到的士 墻角數(shù)枝槑 梅 凌寒獨自開 遙贊它是雪 只能說你呆 ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading whatwillyoudo ignorethemandcontinuereading lookthemupinthedictionary chinawillseethelongestsolareclipsein500yearsonjuly21 ascientistwangsaidonsaturday thetotaleclipsewilllastuptosixminutes anditisthelongesteclipsethatcanbeseeninchinainalmostyearsfrom1814to2309 hesaid guessthemeaning 2010年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求 要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料 例如公告 說明 廣告以及書 報 雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章 考生應(yīng)能 理解主旨要義 理解文中具體信息 根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義 作出簡單判斷和理解 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度 抓主旨明細節(jié)猜詞義做推斷 猜測詞義讀懂文章 高三英語閱讀指導 閱讀篇 2005 2009年閱讀理解試題分類情況 猜測詞義題目類型 對考綱外生詞的猜測 manyunitednationsemployeesarepolyglots mr jim forexample speaksfivelanguagesfluently polyglot mostprobablymeans 對考綱內(nèi)熟詞新義的猜測 ihadfirstknownshewaswrongthatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment 04全國卷 cloud means thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic ifyouaskyourbraintolearn itwilllearn 07四川卷 bysaying thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic thewritermeansthebraincanbe a usedb masteredc developedd researched 對句義的猜測 詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有 1 theword refersto probablymeans couldbestbereplacedby 2 theword ismostlikelytomean 3 whatdoyouthinktheexpression standsfor 4 theunderlinedword means 語境法contextclues 構(gòu)詞法wordformation 猜測詞意 2010高考閱讀理解專題 wordformation構(gòu)詞法 英語單詞大多是由詞根 詞頭 前綴 和詞尾 后綴 所組成 詞根是單詞最基本的部分 表達單詞的基本含義 在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴 可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義 只要我們掌握了各種詞根 詞頭和詞尾的基本含義 那么就可以很容易猜測出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了 中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有 super 超 mini 極小的 微小的 micro 極微小的 re 再 反復 mis 誤 惡 im 不 un 不 非 in 不 非 non 不 非 able 能 的 less 不 無 wards 向 supermanmicrowave 超人 nonnaturalmispronounce 非自然的 homelessnonsmoker 無家可歸的 rebuildeastwards 重建 canyouguesstherightmeanings 微波 非煙民 發(fā)錯音 向東 mary ofcourseyouareoverweight youeattoomuchjunkfood evenworse youexcerciseinfrequently evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend rubinwrites thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings 2003nmet withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence unconditional nonjudgmental 無條件的 絕對的 沒有判斷力的 1 05重慶卷 1 whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim 2 it struethatlighthousewerebuiltinout of the wayplace 3 whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife word formation 合成形容詞 詞性變化 復合法 轉(zhuǎn)化法 派生法 詞的派生 語境法猜測詞義 logicalrelations ex1 apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter hisuncleisazoologist anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear weareonthenightshift frommidnightto8a m thisweek 木匠 動物學家 牧人 夜班 語境法猜測詞義 定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或is becalled beknownas bedefinedas等詞匯或破折號來表示 或由thatis tosay inotherwords toputitanotherway引出一些具體的解釋性的短語解釋生詞 小結(jié) ex 2thenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear motherwastall fatandmiddle aged myauntwasanoldwoman almostasplumpasmother andmuchshorter 替代 豐滿的 thoughtom sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean hisneckstillremainsgrubby johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings hiswife however isverythrifty 污穢的 節(jié)約的 inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil somehumanactionsarelearned butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate 混亂 天生的 語境法猜測詞義 由and或or like as as thesameas等連接的兩個詞構(gòu)成同義關(guān)系 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but while however insteadof ratherthan unlike yet otherwise though onthecontrary等 小結(jié) 05廣東卷 unlikevitaminc leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown theymustbecarefullycultivated theunderlinedwordroughlymeans a encouragedb comparedc examinedd developed ex3 rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 彈性的 混濁的 sinceicouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting iboughtareplica aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference he ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong 復制品 精明的 修剪 語境法猜測詞義 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞 如because as since for so thus asaresult so so that such thattherefore等 表示前因后果 小結(jié) 06陜西卷 thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads inparagraph2 aroofovertheirheads mostprobablymeans a acapb acarc ahomed acovering ex 4carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt headlights andgoodbrakes onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry suchaschickens ducksandgeese fortheireggsandmeat 家禽 裝置 thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances suchaswashingmachine fridgeandmicrowaveovenect difinedmostbroadly folkloreincludesallthecustomes beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddowmfromgenerationtogeneration 家電 民俗 語境法猜測詞義 常用suchas like forexample forinstance等引出例子 可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義 小結(jié) 對考綱外生詞的猜測 manyunitednationsemployeesarepolyglots mr jim forexample speaksfivelanguagesfluently polyglot mostprobablymeans 通曉多種語言的 ex 5whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled 麻藥 波紋 膨脹 冷縮 oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid inthestrongwind thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold 癥狀 易揮發(fā)的 顫抖 語境法猜測詞義 小結(jié) 根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗 或運用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來 因此平時多了解英美國家的風俗習慣 宗教信仰 社會生活等 可以幫助加深對文章的理解 遇到生詞 猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了 chinawillseethelongestsolareclipsein500yearsonjuly21 ascientistwangsaidonsaturday thetotaleclipsewilllastuptosixminutes anditisthelongesteclipsethatcanbeseeninchinainalmostyearsfrom1814to2309 hesaid 05福建卷 rainforestsliketheamazonareimportantformoppingupco2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming thephrase moppingup intheparagraphmeans a cleaningupb takinginc wipingoutd givingout ex 6whatdoes inthepubliceye mean a 公眾熟悉的 出名的tips inpublic在公眾場合thepublic大眾eye眼睛 guess b 在群眾的眼里c 公開的d 令人眼熱的 mrzhangoftenappearsinpublic butheisnotfamous heisnotinthepubliceye janeisusuallyprompt a lateb ontimec pleased janeisusuallypromptforherclasses janeisusuallypromptforallherclasses butshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass adj 敏捷的 迅速的 即時的adv 準時地 語境法猜測詞義 小結(jié) 所謂 詞不離句 句不離章 講的就是對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景 猜測生詞義或句意時 一定要認真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子 進行合情合理的推測 排除膚淺的表義 選擇蘊含在其中的深意 theashesofthegreatwallarefallingdown ithinkthegreatwallisnowlikean80yearsoldman insomeplacesitisstillstanding butreallyunlessthereissomegoodmedicine mostofitwon tbestandinginthenextfiftyoronehundredyears ifpeopledon ttakemedicine thegreatwallwillfalldown b thegreatwallislikean80year oldman whoneedsmedicalcare c wemusttakesomemeasurestopretectthegreatwall ormostofthegreatwallwillbreakdownin50or100yearsd thegreatwallisfallingdown anditwilldisappearinthefuture 對句義的猜測 thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic ifyouaskyourbraintolearn itwilllearn 07四川卷 bysaying thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic thewritermeansthebraincanbe a usedb masteredc developedd researched butit satwo waystreet ijustheardaboutathousandshenzhenofficeworkerswhohavegonetobangaloretotraininsoftware meanwhile alltheindianitmajorsaresettingupastrongpresenceinchina 09遼寧卷 whatdoesthewritermeanby it satwo waystreet whatdoesthewritermeanby it satwo waystreet chinaandindiahavedifferenttrafficrules b teatradeworkswandersinbothindiaandchinac chineseproductsarepopularinbothchinaandindiad theexchangesbetweenindiaandchinabenefitboth d inquiry basedactivities i 探究活動 1 1 therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys aglacierisariverofice a 雪山b 樹枝c 冰河d 冰2 heisaresoluteman oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething hewon tgiveituphalfway a weakb firmc kindd clever 小試身手 3 mr brownisnowworkingatprincetonuniversityfarawayfromhome forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks a 租用b 借出c 購買d 參觀 4 theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer a workb studyc named interest 5 theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady a 愛貓的b 古怪的c 閑不住d 動物保護主義者6 inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes frompenurytogreatwealth a 便士b 溫飽c 非常貧困d 虛弱 7 mrs smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype a 活潑的b 好動的c 多嘴多舌的d 可愛的8 thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity a townb capitalc countrysided house9 thisboyisnotstupid onthecontrary noonecouldbemoreintelligent a 勤奮的b 愚蠢的c 聰明的d 情報 10 childrenarealwaysboasting theysaythingslike mydad scarisbiggerthanyourdad s mymomissmarterthanyours and myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours theword boasting means a 驕傲b 吹牛c 頑皮d 幼稚 inquiry basedactivities ii 探究活動 2 passage1tensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheantarcticicesheetandblockedtheirparents roadtothefeedingareas adelineandemperorpenguinsnestingontherossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks bornduringthenovember decemberbreedingseason whatdoestheunderlinedword obtain probablymean a eatb getc selld buy b passage2aman spositionamongtheblack tentpeopledependsonhisancestors relatives andfellowtribesmen iftheyarehonored heisalsohonored iftheyaredisgraced hetooisdisgraced thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily hislineage 宗系 andhistribe theword disgrace means inthistext a honorb endangerc proudd shame d passage3therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished afewmembersofthesenate 參議院 opposedthisdecision butthemajorityvotedthattherulershouldleavethecountryforever theunderlinedword banished mean a killedbystoningb sentawayc imprisonedd punishedbywhipping b passage4myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields iwouldwalkbehindanox guidinghimwithabroomstick for 1aday iworkedeighthoursstraight withnofoodbreaks itwasverytediouswork butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus ihadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasicould whatdoestheunderlinedword tedious probablymean a