八年級英語聽力解題技巧.doc..doc

八年級聽力部分解題技巧一、如何提高聽力理解能力和做好聽力題？1.學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測預(yù)測是在做聽力理解之前根據(jù)各種暗示,如所給答案選項(xiàng),段落或?qū)υ挊?biāo)題等已有知識，對即將聽到的段落或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測。(1)從答案選項(xiàng)中預(yù)測Q: What does Tom do?A. Hes a truck driver. B. Hes a ship captain. C. Hes a pilot.錄音原文：W：Tom flew to Anchorage last night，then took some passengers from there to Dollars .M: Yeah, but he couldnt land because the airport in Dollars was snowed in.從選項(xiàng)看，問題應(yīng)是關(guān)于職業(yè)方面的，再從flew，passengers，airport這些信息詞中可知道Tom的職業(yè)。(2)從說話人口氣預(yù)測在A，B兩人的對話中，如果B是附和或贊成，往往說“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。但如A用否定句，B表同意時(shí)則用“No”，“Neither / Nor”等。2.做簡要筆記聽錄音時(shí)快速，準(zhǔn)確，簡要地記下有關(guān)信息(包括數(shù)字，人名，地名，關(guān)鍵詞)，前提是不要影響跟聽速度，采用自己習(xí)慣的符號。例：How much will the man pay for the tickets？ A.$18 B. $24 C. $30原文：W：Tickets for the movie are $ 6 for adults, half price for children. M: All right, Id like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please. 筆記可簡化為：$ 6 A (代表adult)，C，3A+2C 或6 A(3)+ half Chil(2)3.聽清數(shù)據(jù)，簡要記下，加以運(yùn)算。在獲取時(shí)間信息時(shí)，不要誤把會(huì)話中提到的時(shí)間簡單確定為問題的答案。聽力考查時(shí)間時(shí)往往要進(jìn)行簡單的時(shí)間換算。At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00錄音原文：W：Excuse me，could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is？M：Sure. Well，its 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 對話中提到了三個(gè)時(shí)間Its 3 now, in 2 hours , in 15 minutes.現(xiàn)在是3點(diǎn)，開往Manchester的火車要兩小時(shí)后才開，即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若簡單機(jī)械地把3點(diǎn)和2點(diǎn)相加，會(huì)得出火車5點(diǎn)才開的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)C。數(shù)字類問題分兩種：辨別類和計(jì)算類(1)要注意區(qū)分-teen和-ty及four和five的發(fā)音；辨別多位數(shù)，如電話號碼，門牌等(2) 計(jì)算時(shí)間，錢款，距離，年齡,人或物的數(shù)量等；聽出數(shù)字間的關(guān)系，更要聽清問題，因?yàn)閷\(yùn)算方法的要求通常寓于問題中；注意more，less，as much(many)as，another，double, to，past，quarter；記住時(shí)間是60進(jìn)制如出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)數(shù)字，應(yīng)注意鑒別問的是那一個(gè)。例：At what time does the office open ? A.At 8:15 B. At 8: 30 C. At 7:45聽力原文：M：I wonder why the office is still not open. W: But its not yet eight. In fact, its only a quarter to eight.常見的數(shù)字類型的表達(dá)：(1) 關(guān)于年份的讀法有下列幾種情形：a. 一般情況下,將表示年份的四個(gè)數(shù)字按前后分為兩組,每一組的數(shù)字都按基數(shù)詞來讀.例如：1865年讀作 eighteen sixty-five 1998年讀作 nineteen ninety-eightb. 如果前兩個(gè)數(shù)字為非“零”數(shù)字,后兩位數(shù)分別為“零”,則先讀出前兩位數(shù),然后將后面的兩個(gè)“零”讀為 hundred.例如：1900年讀作 nineteen hundred 1800年讀作 eighteen hundredc. 第三個(gè)數(shù)字為“零”（其他數(shù)字不是“零”）的年份的讀法應(yīng)當(dāng)將該“零”讀為Ou.例如： 1809年讀作 eighteen O nined. 關(guān)于千年的一些讀法. 2000年讀作 two thousand 2008年讀作 two thousand and eight 2015年讀作 two thousand and fifteen (或者twenty fifteen)(2) 日期的表達(dá)法1988年5月1日 寫作：May 1st, 1988 讀作: 也可寫作1st May, 1988 讀作: 一月（Jan.） 二月（Feb.） 三月(Mar.) 四月(Apr.) 五月(May) 六月(Jun.) 七月(Jul.) 八月(Aug.) 九月(Sep.) 十月(Oct.) 十一月（Nov.） 十二月(Dec.) 1st. =first 2nd=second 3rd= third 4th=fourth 5th=fifth 6th.=sixth 7th=seventh 8th= eighth 9th=ninth 10th=tenth 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th .31st(3) 鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)間的讀法： 7:00讀作 8:15讀作9:30讀作 10:03讀作9:45讀作 10:55 讀作 半小時(shí) half an hour 一個(gè)半小時(shí) one hour and a half(4) 電話號碼的讀法讀電話號碼時(shí)，每個(gè)數(shù)字一一讀出，“o”英式讀ou；美式則讀zero。英國人在讀兩個(gè)相同數(shù)字時(shí)，通常讀成double，例如：3456638讀作：threefourfive，doublesixthreeeight3074922讀作：threeohseven，fourninedoubletwo而美式則讀成：threezeroseven，fourninetwotwo (5) 門牌號 門牌號遇三位數(shù)分別讀出各數(shù)字，遇四位數(shù)時(shí)則分成兩半來讀。例如： Room 302讀作：Room three Oh twothree zero two3491 King Street讀作：thirty-four ninety-one King Street4.抓住關(guān)鍵，對癥下藥聽力考試常出現(xiàn)以Where提問的問句，考生要通過對話的具體情節(jié)和背景判斷對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。一般來說，特定場景的用語和關(guān)鍵詞是基本固定的，考生要對此多了解，熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place？/ Where does sb. work？/ Whats his job？之類的問題時(shí)，就會(huì)派上用場。如：restaurant： menu，bill，order，tip，hamburger，beer，souphotel： luggage，single room，double room，room number，check in(out)hospital： take medicine，temperature，pill，headache，fever, examinepost office： mail，deliver，stamp，envelope，parcelairport： flight，take off，land，luggagerailway station： round trip，single trip，sleeping carstore： on sale，size，wear，color，style, price，change , bargain，fitschool： professor，exam，course，term, dining hall，playgroundlibrary： librarian，renew，date，shelf, magazine, seat對于簡短對話，要根據(jù)問題的類型，從第二個(gè)講話者的答語中來捕捉關(guān)鍵詞如：Whats the man going to do? A. Run to the airport. B. Wait for another bus. C. Hurry to get the next bus.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)看，對話似乎與bus有關(guān)，主要信息捕捉范圍是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之間。聽音范圍明顯縮小。錄音原文 M：Excuse me，can you tell me when the next bus leave for the airport？W：It leaves in three minutes. If you run, you might catch it.關(guān)鍵詞“run”和“catch”正好對上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”。5.果斷選題，學(xué)會(huì)放棄相信第一感覺，當(dāng)機(jī)立斷，決不能反反復(fù)復(fù)，甚至影響后面的答題切記不可因某個(gè)小題未聽懂而患得患失，不可因一題失多題，造成一步跟不上，步步踏空的結(jié)果。注意做題方法。在做聽力題時(shí)，一定要做到聽前先把聽力試卷全部看一遍，尤其是聽對話和聽短文這兩種類型，以大概掌握主題內(nèi)容，縮小聽力范圍；聽第一遍時(shí)，不要急于做答，應(yīng)仔細(xì)把全文聽完，盡可能弄明白文章在講什么；聽第二遍的過程中，可以適當(dāng)?shù)刈鲆恍┯涗?，如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、數(shù)字、人物、天氣等等，同時(shí)把可能正確的答案做上記號，檢驗(yàn)核對。 總之，聽力部分的解題技巧可以總結(jié)如下：1、考生心理素質(zhì)尤為重要，要有自信心，沉著冷靜，靜心收聽，注意力要集中。2、 在做題前一定要快速瀏覽一遍題目和選項(xiàng)，以便聽時(shí)有所側(cè)重；3、將沒聽清楚的詞或句子放過去，不要影響了下一道題；4、在測試過程中要有積極、主動(dòng)、有意識、有選擇的去聽；5、平時(shí)加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練。二、聽力題型及解答技巧初中英語聽力測試一般考查考生對日期、天氣、人物、特征、地點(diǎn)、圖表以及具體事件的整體理解和反應(yīng)能力。主要題型有：聽音辨詞，聽句子選擇圖畫，聽句子選擇答語，句子理解，對話理解、短文理解、聽音填詞等。（1）聽音辨詞：這類試題主要是通過聽單詞或句子對近音詞、同音詞或近義詞進(jìn)行考查。這要求考生一定要聽清楚發(fā)音相近或易混淆的音素，如：sheep與ship，house與horse，除聽清楚發(fā)音外，還得聽懂句意，根據(jù)句意來選擇符合句意的同音詞。如： The earth goes around the _. (c) a、son b、some c、sun My English teacher has a little _. (a) a、son b、some c、sun（2）聽句子選擇圖畫：做這類試題，要求考生首先將給出的圖畫看清楚，了解圖畫的大致意思，這樣在聽句子時(shí)才不至于手足無措。另外在聽句子時(shí)，尤其要注意其中的名詞和動(dòng)詞。（3）聽句子選擇答語：這類試題主要考查考生運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行交際的能力，通過聽句子和對句子的理解，從所給的選項(xiàng)中選擇出適當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z。如：whats the date today？ (a) a、march 12 b、Monday c、9:00在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要多留意常用的交際用語，這對做好這類試題很有幫助。（4）句子理解：這類試題主要是考查考生對句子的理解程度，要求考生從所給出的答案中選出與所聽句子意思相同或相近的選項(xiàng)。在做這類試題時(shí)要求考生一定要注意所給句子中表示動(dòng)作、時(shí)間的詞語。（5）對話理解：這類試題主要有三種類型：一是聽對話和問題選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?；二是聽對話和問題選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膱D畫；三是根據(jù)所聽到的對話內(nèi)容用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語完成句子。它考查考生對對話內(nèi)容和情景的理解。同學(xué)們在做這類試題時(shí)一定要先將選項(xiàng)游覽一遍，看清它們之間的區(qū)別。在聽的時(shí)候要注意對話中的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、數(shù)字、原因等，可以做一些簡單的記錄。有些試題難度較大，只有在全部聽完之后才能得出正確答案。（6）短文理解：這類試題主要是考查考生對整篇文章的理解和判斷能力，一般以選擇正確答案或判斷正誤兩種形式出現(xiàn)。聽短文要注意聽大意，要善于捕捉整體信息，切莫一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞地聽，也不要聽一句就翻譯一句，更不必因一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)短語沒聽懂就停步不前。(一)、在聽短文之前應(yīng)該將所給的題目及選項(xiàng)流覽一遍，做到對短文的基本了解，同時(shí)帶著短文后的要求和指令去聽。(二)、聽的短文通常是結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊的故事，選用大多是圍繞who , when , where , what , how 或why所設(shè)的問題。因此，在聽的時(shí)候應(yīng)緊緊圍繞選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容作些速記，記下關(guān)鍵詞語，理清線索，抓好前后聯(lián)系，最后才準(zhǔn)確作出答案。如遇到生詞要根據(jù)上下文去猜或跳過，等全文聽完后再去思考它。千萬不能因小失大，影響整篇文章的理解和分析。 （7）聽音填詞：這類試題主要有兩種考查形式：一是根據(jù)所聽的句子填寫句中的空白；二是根據(jù)所聽的短文用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語填空。聽寫時(shí)要注意前后提示，有的被聽寫的詞可能就出現(xiàn)在短文中，這時(shí)可快速做一個(gè)符號，以便擠出時(shí)間聽寫其它空白。聽寫完后，還應(yīng)檢查一下，看用詞是否有誤、大小寫、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等有無錯(cuò)誤。 請看以下例題：（1）聽短文，選擇正確的答案：（ ）1、Mike got up at about _one cloudy morning. A.7:15 B.6:45 C.6:15 D.7:45 （ ）2、He put his books into the bag after he_. A. left the house B. saw his friend C. got to school D. washed his face （ ）3、He left home_. A. without breakfast B. after a quick breakfast C. with his brother D. with his sister （ ）4、On his way, he met his best friend,_. A. Jim B. Tom C. Bob D. John （ ）5、Both of them _ that morning. A. went to school late B. played on way to school C. were late for class D. forgot that they had no class 錄音原文： It was a cloudy morning. Mike woke up and suddenly found it was already 6:45.Its very late, he thought. He got up quickly, jumped out of the bed, washed his face, put his books into the bag, and ran out of the house without breakfast. On his way, he met his best friend Bob. Bob, we must hurry up, or well be late. he said. Then they ran all the way to school. When they got there, they found that they had no class that day. At that moment they remembered it was Saturday. （分析）本題在聽短文，選擇正確答案的題型中屬于較容易題。同學(xué)們在聽本題前，通過先快速瀏覽試題所給的5個(gè)問題及選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)所提供的信息，可以推測出短文所涉及的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于麥克一天早晨如何匆匆忙忙地趕去學(xué)校上課的情景。5個(gè)問題的內(nèi)容分別涉及Mike幾點(diǎn)起床；什么時(shí)間才把書放進(jìn)書包；他是否吃了早飯上學(xué)；在路上他碰到了誰以及那天早晨他究竟出了什么差錯(cuò)。帶著這些聽前分析的問題開始聽錄音。第一遍聽音時(shí)只聽不記，把注意力集中在有關(guān)問題的內(nèi)容上，把握全文大意。第二遍聽音時(shí)邊聽邊看邊記，重點(diǎn)把短文中有關(guān)內(nèi)容與相關(guān)的題目對上號，分析判斷后就能很快選出正確的答案，即：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D。 最后對所選定的答案進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證復(fù)查，以避免疏忽造成的錯(cuò)誤。（2）聽短文，選擇正確答案：（ ）1. What did the man have to do in the morning? A. He fed the chickens. B. He cleaned the bath-room. C. He carried water for the family.（ ）2.Why did the man go to school on foot? A. No bus ran in the direction. B. The school was near. C. His family was poor. （ ）3.What did the man do every Sunday? A. He was taken to church three times. B. He stayed at home all day. C. He played in the street.（ ）4.What can we learn from what the speaker said? A. He is a retired teacher of history. B. He thinks children were happier in the past. C. He lives on a farm far away from cities.錄音原文：Now, you want to know about life in the past, right? I can tell you. When I was a boy, things were different. I had to get up at six every morning. That was not very bad in summer, but in winter it was cold. And we didnt have any hot water in the house. We had to wash in cold water. We didnt have a bath-room. My dad had some chickens. I had