譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選修7課件：Unit 4《Period Four Grammar and usage》.ppt

unit4publictransport grammarandusage i 分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成為v ing 過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成為v ed 分詞也有一般式 過(guò)去式 完成式及主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)等各種形式 ii 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別1 在時(shí)態(tài)上 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行 而過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成 developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家thedevelopedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家boilingwater沸騰的水boiledwater開水 2 在語(yǔ)態(tài)上 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng) 而過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng) theoppressingclass壓迫階級(jí)theoppressedclass被壓迫階級(jí)burningfire燃燒的火焰burnedskin燒傷的皮膚 iii 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)1 一般式 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 分詞的一般式的主動(dòng)式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生 其被動(dòng)式表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 主要作定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ) whenienteredtheroom ifoundhimreading 當(dāng)我進(jìn)入房間時(shí) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在讀書 ifoundtheflowerswatered 我發(fā)現(xiàn)花已澆過(guò)了 thebuildingbeingrepairedisahospital 正在修建的建筑物是一家醫(yī)院 hefoundthematterbeingtalkedeverywhere 他發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在談?wù)撨@件事 beingsurrounded theenemywereforcedtoputdowntheirguns 敵人被包圍 不得不繳械投降 2 完成式 主動(dòng) 被動(dòng) 分詞的完成式表示分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前 完成時(shí)態(tài)的分詞在句中常作狀語(yǔ) 一般不作定語(yǔ) nothavingmadeadequatepreparation wepostponedthesportsmeet 由于沒(méi)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備 我們推遲了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì) havingbeengivensuchagoodchance howcouldhegiveitup 給了這樣好的機(jī)會(huì) 他怎能放棄呢 3 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已完成 不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念 而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中 thebuildingrepairedislibrary 修建過(guò)的那個(gè)建筑物是我們的圖書館 thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary 正在修建的那個(gè)建筑物是我們的圖書館 4 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)間含義上的區(qū)別延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)的句子 而終止性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句 walkinginthestreettheotherday whileiwaswalkinginthestreettheotherday icameacrossanoldfriendofmine 那天我在馬路上走時(shí) 突然碰到了我的一個(gè)老朋友 arrivingattheairport wheniarrivedattheairport ifoundmylighthadtakenoff 到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的班機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了 iv 分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)分詞 短語(yǔ) 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 盡管在形式上它沒(méi)有主語(yǔ) 但其邏輯上的主語(yǔ)必須和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)保持一致 studyinginthecollege whenistudiedinthecollege ilearnedalotfrommyteachers 在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí) 我從老師那里學(xué)到了很多東西 但是 分詞有時(shí)也有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 它可以表示時(shí)間 原因 條件 伴隨的動(dòng)作 有時(shí)還可用介詞with without來(lái)引導(dǎo) hismotherbeingill heisabsenttoday 他的母親病了 他今天沒(méi)來(lái) 原因 timepermitting theywillstarttodoanewjob 如果時(shí)間允許 他們會(huì)開始做一項(xiàng)新工作 條件 herushedintotheroom hisfacecoveredwithsweat 他滿臉是汗地沖進(jìn)了房間 伴隨 theytraveledawholeday withoutanyfoodeaten 他們餓著肚子旅行了一整天 伴隨 注意 分詞用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí) 如果分詞是being havingbeendone形式時(shí) 沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義的being或havingbeen可以省略 theoldmanwasinabadcondition histemperature being over40 andhispulse being weakandrapid 那位老人處于不好的狀況 他的體溫超過(guò)40 脈搏既弱又快 thereport havingbeen read adiscussionbegan 讀完報(bào)告 開始討論 theexperiment havingbeen finished weleftthelabandwenthome 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后 我們離開了實(shí)驗(yàn)室回家了 exercisesinclass fillintheblankswiththewordsinthebracketsintheirproperforms 1 give moretime hewillmakeafirstclasstennisplayer 2 hear thatliyuchunwillgiveaperformanceinthecity hegotveryexcited 3 mygrandfatheralwaystellsmethatthe labour peoplearethewisestpeopleintheworld given hearing labouring 4 be astudentinthenewcentury weshouldknowwhatishonourablebehaviorandwhatisshameful 5 whenhearingthenewsthatfrancewasdefeatedintheworldcup hefelt disappoint becausehelikestheteamverymuch 6 hesentthecompanyanothere mail hope togetfurtherinformationaboutthejob 7 unless invite tospeak youshouldremainsilentattheconference being disappointed hoping invited 1 when differentcultures weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities a comparedb beingcomparedc comparingd havingcompared 2 victorapologizedfor toinformmeofthechangeintheplan a hisbeingnotableb himnottobeablec hisnotbeingabled himtobenotable 3 thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket thedesert a coveringb coveredc coverd tocover4 wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass hewouldanswercarelessly always thesamething a sayingb saidc tosayd havingsaid 5 generallyspeaking accordingtothedirections thedrughasnosideeffect a whentakingb whentakenc whentotaked whentobetaken 6 themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement a thepresidentwillattendb thepresidenttoattendc thepresidentattendedd thepresident sattending 7 don tsitthere nothing comeandhelpmewiththistable a dob todoc doingd anddoing 8 don tusewords expressionsorphrases onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge a beingknownb havingbeenknownc tobeknownd known 9 withsomuchtrouble wefailedtocompletethetaskontime a facedb facec facingd toface10 therearehundredsofvisitors infrontoftheartgallerytohavealookatvangogh spaintings a waitedb towaitc waitingd wait languagepoints 1 headv togoinaparticulardirection走向 往某地出發(fā)1 iwasheadingoutoftheroomwhenshecalledmeback 2 heheadedstraightfor wenttowards thefridge 3 ithinkweoughttoheadback home returntowherewestarted now beforeitgetstoodark 2 turnto 向某人求助don thesitatetoturntomeforhelpwhenyouareintrouble youmustlearntobeindependentbecauseyoucan talwaysturntoothers withnooneto insuchafrighteningsituation shefeltveryhelpless a turntob turnonc turnoffc turnover 3 theyhavedonesointhehopethatpeoplewilltakenoticeoftheproblemscausedbypoisonoussmokeandgasfromcars 1 inthehopeof 懷著 希望ihaven tphonedyoutillfouro clockinthehopethatyou dbefinished 2 takenotice of 注意togiveattentiontosomething iaskedhimtodrivemoreslowly buthedidn ttakeanynotice don ttakeanynoticeof takenonoticeofwhatyourmothersays she sjustinabadmood 4 itwasana whichwasbeyondmymodestexpectations beyondprep adv 1 outsideorafter astatedli