譯林版高中英語選修8學(xué)案：例句精講 Unit4　.doc

例句精講1. joining us in the studio are isabel rose from the cannes film festival,.and xu li from the shanghai international film festival.來到我們節(jié)目現(xiàn)場的有來自戛納電影節(jié)的伊莎貝爾羅斯還有來自上海國際電影節(jié)的徐立?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】這是一個倒裝句，正常語序應(yīng)該是isabel rose.and xu li from the shanghai international film festival are joining us in the studio.當句子的主語太長時，為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，往往使用倒裝語序，將主語放在句子的后半部分。如：nearby was the house in which they had lived for more than twenty years.附近就是他們住了二十多年的那幢房子。【要點剖析】當句子的謂語是be, stand, sit, lie等動詞，而句子主語部分較長時，位于句首會使整個句子比例失調(diào)，因此往往采用完全倒裝形式，把表語部分提到句首。如：1)present at the meeting were professors from key universities and some government officials.出席會議的是來自重點大學(xué)的教授和一些政府官員。2)such was albert einstein, a simple man of great achievements.阿爾伯特愛因斯坦就是這樣一個人，一個淳樸而又取得巨大成就的人。誤區(qū)警示 因為這種倒裝形式中主語在后面，需要注意句子的主謂一致問題。如：from the speakers in the buildings comes the fire alarm.從各個大樓的擴音器里傳來火警的聲音。2. considering the history of our festival, we feel it is important not to favour films from any one country.考慮到電影節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)，我們覺得不偏愛任何一個國家的電影很重要?！厩山饩錁?gòu)】1）句中considering the history of our festival引導(dǎo)的短語作原因狀語。2）動詞favour意思是“偏愛”。如：matt feels his parents favour his younger brother.馬特覺得父母偏愛他的弟弟?！就卣寡由臁?）considering prep. 就而論；考慮到；鑒于；現(xiàn)在分詞形式用作介詞，所以也稱為分詞介詞，類似的還有：including包括；regarding 關(guān)于；concerning關(guān)于。如：considering hes only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鑒于他才剛剛開始，他懂得的已經(jīng)不少了。現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語常見功能如下：作原因狀語：not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.因為沒收到回信，他決定再寫一封信。作結(jié)果狀語his wife died in 1962, leaving him with three children.他妻子1962年死了，留給他三個孩子。作伴隨或方式狀語holding his head high, he walked past the pole.他昂著頭，走過竹竿。作并列狀語the train started at five, arriving (=and arrived) at beijing at twelve.火車五時開出，十二時到達北京。用于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow.如果天氣允許，我們明天要出去郊游。2）favour v.較喜歡；偏愛；有助于；有利于；外貌像；長得像（父母或長輩）the warm climate favours many types of tropical plants.溫暖的氣候?qū)Ω鞣N熱帶植物生長有利。she definitely favours her father.她酷似她的父親。3. harry has contradictory feelings about his new life. at first, he enjoys it, but later, he learns the confidential information that the schools evil wizard, voldemort, is the one who killed his parents.對于新生活，哈利有一種矛盾的心情。起初，他很喜歡新生活，但是后來，他知道了一個秘密，學(xué)校的邪惡巫師伏地魔就是殺死他父母的人。【巧解句構(gòu)】句中“that the schools evil wizard, voldemort, is the one who killed his parents”是一個同位語從句，指代“the confidential information”的內(nèi)容?！就卣寡由臁客徽Z從句是用來說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容的。這些名詞常見的有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,promise,order,story,problem,fear,belief,word,message,information,proof,announcement,desire,doubt,answer,proposal,advice,condition等。同位語從句功能：同位語從句跟在一個名詞后，對其作進一步解釋、說明（有時也會被其他詞將它和名詞分開）。如：i had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在這兒。word came that they had arrived.有消息說他們已經(jīng)到了。【辨析比較】同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：a.從意義上講，前者對名詞加以補充說明，后者對名詞進行修飾和限定。b.從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，前者由連接詞引導(dǎo)，后者由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)。c.從內(nèi)涵上講，前者所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關(guān)系，后者所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。d.引導(dǎo)同位語的連詞不可以省略，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞作賓語時?？梢允÷浴.同位語從句說明的名詞多為抽象名詞，而定語從句則無此限制，常見的跟同位語從句的名詞有news（消息），fact（事實），idea（主意），thought（想法），hope（希望），order（命令）等。如：the news that they won the match is true.他們比賽獲勝的消息是真的。（同位語從句）the news that you told me yesterday is true.昨天你給我講的消息是真的。（定語從句）the order when we should return hasnt reached us.我們什么時候返回的命令還未到。（同位語從句）the day when new china was founded will never be forgotten.新中國成立的那天永遠不會被忘記。（定語從句）4. i think this is more to highlight the advanced special effects than to help the films plot.在我看來，這是為了更加突出電影高超的特效，而不是有助于表現(xiàn)電影的情節(jié)。【巧解句構(gòu)】句中more.than.意思是“與其說，倒不如說”。如：he is famous more for his spirit than for his achievements.與其說他以成就聞名，倒不如說他以精神著稱?！就卣寡由臁?）more than 多于;不止，不僅僅the stone weighs more than ten tons.這塊石頭重達10噸多。bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不僅僅用于建筑。2）more than與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞、動名詞或分詞連用時，意為“不止是，非常，豈止”等。如：they are more than classmates. they are close friends.他們倆遠不止是同學(xué)，他們是知心朋友。they were more than glad to help.他們是極其愿意幫忙的。she speaks english more than fluently.她的英語何止是流利，簡直是相當?shù)氐馈?）more than one+n.意為“不止一個”，雖在語意上為復(fù)數(shù)，但作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。its no/not more than a mile to the sea.到海邊的路程不超過一英里。more than one school has been closed.不止一家學(xué)校關(guān)門了。（反）less than少于（反）less/fewer adj.少的（原級）many/much adv.多（最高級）most adv.（合）moreover adv.此外；而且more or less差不多；幾乎more is meant than meets the ear.言外之意。the more.the more.越越once more再一遍and what is more再者；而且more than a little非常more and more越來越no more than與一樣不；不過；僅僅【辨析比