中考學(xué)科備考復(fù)習(xí)策略英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)匯總.docx

6悅考網(wǎng)中考學(xué)科備考復(fù)習(xí)策略：英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)匯總中考英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):知識(shí)概要由于英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣與中國(guó)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書(shū)寫(xiě),或與人交談中造成誤用中國(guó)方式來(lái)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句作解答。例如一個(gè)小女孩十分好看,可愛(ài),外國(guó)人見(jiàn)到時(shí)會(huì)講: You are so beautiful 這時(shí)的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語(yǔ)不錯(cuò),他們會(huì)講: Your English is very good 這時(shí)中國(guó)人常常會(huì)說(shuō):不,我說(shuō)的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語(yǔ),但是不符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。它正確的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語(yǔ)有一些規(guī)律可講,但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)的生活習(xí)慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門(mén)外語(yǔ)。正誤辨析誤 - What can I do for you?- Yes, please help me正 - What can I do for you?- Id like to buy a sweater析 What can I do for you? 這一問(wèn)語(yǔ)實(shí)際上用于的情景很多,要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為:您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場(chǎng)合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。誤 - Which colour do you like?- Sorry, I dont like 正 - Which colour do you like?- I prefer blue析 由 which 來(lái)提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it誤 Do you like to come with us tonight?正 Would you like to come with us tonight?析 Do you like 問(wèn)的是對(duì)方的習(xí)慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like 則是一次性的邀請(qǐng)、提議。邀請(qǐng)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法還有如下幾種:Shall we go? 我們走吧!Lets go? 讓我們走吧!How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?What about a cup of coffee喝杯咖啡如何?Why not buy it? 為什么不買(mǎi)呢?其肯定答語(yǔ)一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure誤 - Whats the problem?- Ive got a headache正 Whats wrong with you?Ive got a headache析 Whats wrong with you? 是詢問(wèn)對(duì)方身體狀態(tài)如何,而 Whats the problem?是問(wèn)對(duì)方遇到了什么麻煩。誤 - Now, Im back Can I play?- Perhaps Youd better do your homework first正 - Now, Im back Can I play?- Im afraid not Youd better do your homework first析 Perhaps 是表示對(duì)一種拿不準(zhǔn)的事態(tài)的推論,如: Am I right? Perhaps而 Im afraid not 則表達(dá)一種不同意的態(tài)度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有:Im afraid that you are right其后直接加賓語(yǔ)從句。- Will you come to my birthday party?- Im afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital其后+not,表示否定。 - Sorry, I dont want to go there alone, Im afraid of the dog其后+名詞,表示對(duì)某人,某物的害怕。Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam其后+ of + 動(dòng)名詞,表示害怕做某事。Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didnt do well in the exam其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。誤 - How soon will you be ready?- Two days正 - How soon will you be ready?- In two days析 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景,身臨其境,要注意的是對(duì)方問(wèn)了什么,就應(yīng)答什么?；虼鹆耸裁淳蛻?yīng)問(wèn)什么。 How soon 問(wèn)的是“還有多久才能作完”,這時(shí)要用 in two days, 即在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問(wèn),則答語(yǔ)可以用 two days。誤 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- I dont mind- Monday and Tuesday of next week正 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- When exactly- Monday and Tuesday of next week 析 有的對(duì)話是復(fù)雜的,稍有不慎就有可能選錯(cuò),而且英語(yǔ)中如選錯(cuò)了答案是不容易找出錯(cuò)來(lái)的。 I dont mind 是可以用來(lái)回答 Would you mind這一提問(wèn)的,但如仔細(xì)看一看則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問(wèn)句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語(yǔ)來(lái)判定要用 when exactly? 什么時(shí)間,這樣才能與下句中具體的時(shí)間相符合。誤 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Who are you?“正 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be “Hello? This is Tom speaking?”析 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中,習(xí)慣用法實(shí)際上在某種情況,或某種意義上講比語(yǔ)法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析,它們可能都是對(duì)的。比如,當(dāng)你拿起電話時(shí),如果你想知道對(duì)方是誰(shuí),可以問(wèn)“Whos that(speaking)?”但不要講“Who are you?”如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講“This is speaking”而不要講“Im ”也不要講“My name is .” 就語(yǔ)法而論,“Who are you?” “Im ”“My name is ”并不錯(cuò),也是英語(yǔ)中可用的句子,但就打電話這一場(chǎng)合,就不宜用了。誤 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I dont hope so正 - Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?- I hope not析 由于初學(xué)者對(duì)實(shí)際英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中表達(dá)感情意愿的答語(yǔ)不熟悉,如在肯定答語(yǔ)中 I think so I hope soI believe so 是相同的,但在否定句中卻常用 I dont think so 但I(xiàn) dont believe so 和 I dont hope so 則意為:我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 則為:我想可能不會(huì)發(fā)生吧!誤 - Is anybody there?- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave正 - Is everybody there?- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave析 許多學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作和選擇答語(yǔ)或問(wèn)句時(shí)總要語(yǔ)法在前,而不是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問(wèn)句中的不定代詞,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英語(yǔ)中為:這里有人嗎?而Is everybody there?為:全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語(yǔ)。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave誤 - Your handwriting is very good!- No, my handwriting is very poor正 - Your handwriting is very good!- Thank you析 中國(guó)人遇到別人稱贊,總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認(rèn)為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎(jiǎng)你或贊美你時(shí),就應(yīng)說(shuō): Thank you 又比如中國(guó)人見(jiàn)面時(shí)常講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認(rèn)為你過(guò)多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見(jiàn)面時(shí)往往問(wèn)一些無(wú)關(guān)緊要的話,如: Hello! How are you going? (你過(guò)得怎樣) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 則被認(rèn)為是較正規(guī)的問(wèn)候語(yǔ),在日常生活中則十分少見(jiàn)。 誤 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me Ill go first”正 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: “Excuse me I have to go”析 這兩句答語(yǔ)都是正確的,其關(guān)鍵不是語(yǔ)法,而是習(xí)慣問(wèn)題。如果在這樣的場(chǎng)合你講 Ill go first 朋友們會(huì)迷惑不解,而 I have to go 則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去,而你本人則十分不愿做此事。誤 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, and Im too busy正 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, but Im too busy析 Im too busy 與 Id like to 在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對(duì)詞義合乎邏輯的表達(dá)能力。所以要強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,更要強(qiáng)調(diào)在語(yǔ)言的基礎(chǔ)上的詞語(yǔ)辨析。誤 - Wheres Deter- Deter will come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet 正 - Wheres Deter?- Deter may come with us tonight but he isnt very sure yet析 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來(lái)與不來(lái)是十分不確定的,所以應(yīng)用 may 來(lái)表達(dá)一個(gè)不肯定的事件。誤 - Hi, havent seen you for ages! You look fine!- Great You look