注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師財(cái)務(wù)管理英語

2009年注冊(cè)會(huì)計(jì)師考試輔導(dǎo)財(cái)務(wù)成本管理英語 Section BSection CSection B【Management Accounting】全部成本法（吸收成本法）和變動(dòng)成本法（邊際成本法）及本量利分析Absorption costing吸收成本法（全部成本法）Marginal costing變動(dòng)成本法（邊際成本法）Cost-volume-profit （CVP）本量利分析Direct material直接材料Direct labor直接人工Marginal contribution邊際貢獻(xiàn)Margin of safety安全邊際Variable cost變動(dòng)成本Fixed cost固定成本QuestionParagraph1Pinafore Ltd manufactures and sells a single product. The budgeted profit statement for this month, which has been prepared using marginal costing principles, is as follows:Manufacture制造；生產(chǎn)A single product單一產(chǎn)品Budgeted profit預(yù)算利潤Profit statement利潤表Principle原則As follows如下Sales（24,000 units）864Less Variable production cost of sales:Opening stock （3,000 units） 69Production （22,000 units） 506Closing stock （1,000 units）（23） （552） 312Less Variable selling cost （60） Contribution 252Less Fixed overhead costs: 125Production40Selling and administration（165）Net profit87Opening stock存貨的期初余額Closing stock存貨的期末余額Selling cost銷售成本Contribution貢獻(xiàn)Fixed overhead固定制造費(fèi)用Administration行政管理費(fèi)用The normal monthly level of production is 25,000 units and stocks are valued at standard cost.Required:（a） Prepare in full a budgeted profit statement for this month using absorption costing principles. Assume that fixed production overhead costs are absorbed using the normal level of activity. （6 marks）（b） Prepare a statement that reconciles the net profit calculated in （a） with the net profit using marginal costing. （2 marks）（c） Which of the two costing principles （ absorption or marginal ） is more relevant for short-run decision-making, and why? （2 marks）（10 marks）Normal正常Monthly每月Value估值Standard cost標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本Level of activity生產(chǎn)水平Reconcile調(diào)整Short-run = short-term短期Decision-making決策Relevant相關(guān)Break-even保本點(diǎn)；盈虧分界點(diǎn)Question2Pointdextre Ltd, which manufactures and sells a single product, is currently producing and selling 102,000 units per month, which represents 85% of its full capacity. Total monthly costs are 619,000 but at full capacity these would be 700,000. Total fixed costs would remain unchanged at all activity levels up to full capacity. The normal selling price of the product results in a contribution to sales ratio of 40%.Represent代表Full capacity滿負(fù)荷生產(chǎn)能力Remain unchanged保持不變Contribution to sales ratio銷售貢獻(xiàn)率A new customer has offered to take a monthly delivery of 15,000 units at a price per unit 20% below the normal selling price. If this new business is accepted, existing sales are expected to fall by one unit for every six units sold to this new customer.New customer新客戶Offer報(bào)價(jià)Delivery運(yùn)送Below在之下Accept接受Fall下降One unit for every six units每六個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)Required:（a） For the current production and sales level, calculate:（i） the variable cost per unit;（ii） the total monthly fixed costs;（iii） the selling price per unit;（iv） the contribution per unit. （6 marks）（b） Calculate the net increase or decrease in monthly profit which would result from acceptance of the new business. （4 marks）（c） In the context of decision making, explain the term opportunity cost and illustrate your answer by reference to Pointdextre Ltd. （2 marks）（12 marks）Opportunity cost機(jī)會(huì)成本Reference to參照Context在語境中Explain解釋Illustrate說明Section cWorking capital management（營運(yùn)資本管理）Creditor債權(quán)人（trade payable）Raw material原材料Work in process（WIP）在產(chǎn)品Finished goods產(chǎn)成品Debtor債務(wù)人（trade receivable）Collection收款Re-orderLead-timeCertaintyKnownDemandStock（inventory）BufferStock outWhere Co= fixed costs （order set-up） per orderD=expected annual sales volumeCH=holding cost per stock unit per annumFor Warallington, EOQ=Total annual costs for the company will comprise holding costs plus re-ordering costs=（Average stockCH） +（Number of re-orders pa CO）（3.162/21.20）+（30,000/3.162200）=1,897.20+1,897.53=3,794.7