小學英語語法總結及習題.doc

小學英語語法要點總結及習題一、名詞復數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch結尾，加-es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3 以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries 以“f或fe”結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，（但有一個特例：roofroofs）。如： knife-knives leaf-leaves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves5以“o”結尾的單詞，如果有生命，加-es；如果沒有生命，加-s。如：有生命：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes mango-mangoeshero-heroes Negro- Negroes沒生命：radio-radios piano-pianos photo-photos zoo-zoos 6不規(guī)則名詞的復數(shù)變化： （一）完全不規(guī)則： woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth man-men（二）單數(shù)復數(shù)詞形相同：fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 小練習： 寫出下列各詞的復數(shù) I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_ 二、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹 【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。 2.表示經常性或習慣性的動作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。 3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉。 一般現(xiàn)在時的構成 1. be動詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一個男孩。 2.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如： We study English.我們學習英語。 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時，要在動詞后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。 一般現(xiàn)在時的變化 1. be動詞的變化。 否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行為動詞的變化。 否定句：主語+ dont( doesnt ) +動詞原形(+其它)。如： I dont like bread. 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesnt構成否定句。如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構成一般疑問句。如： - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：How does your father go to work? 動詞+s的變化規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練: 一、 寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_ 二、用括號內動詞的適當形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday. 三、按照要求改寫句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答) _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句) _ 6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句) _ 四、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 三、現(xiàn)在進行時1現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。 2現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結構為be+動詞ing. 3現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。 4現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調到句首。 5現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結構為： 疑問詞不達意 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing? 但疑問詞當主語時其結構為： 疑問詞不達意 + be + 動詞ing? 動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不發(fā)音的e結尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 現(xiàn)在進行時專項練習： 一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_ 二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 三、句型轉換： 1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答) _ _ 3Im playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進行提問) _ 4Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進行提問) _ 四、一般將來時一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結構： be going to + do； will+ do. 三、否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、對劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。 1.問人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2.問干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 問什么時候。When.例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同義句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習： 填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2.下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit. 4. 你們打算什么時候見面。 What time _ you _ _ meet? 改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句） _ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問） _ _ she _ _ _ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所給詞的適當形式填空。 11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects. 16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I _ (plan) for my study now 五、形容詞和副詞的比較級一、形容詞的比較級1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用：兩個事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語中可用賓格）。2形容詞加er的規(guī)則：一般在詞尾加er ；以字母e 結尾，加r ；以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結尾，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ；以“輔音字母+y”結尾，先把y變i，再加er 。3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級： good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副詞的比較級1形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be；有動用副，有副用動) 在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后2副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther) 練習一)、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級 old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_二)、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：1. My brother is two years _(old)than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys.7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _.9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls.10.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_.14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow).15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.三)、翻譯句子：1、誰比Jim年紀大？是你。_ is _than Jim？ _ are2、誰比David更強壯？是Gao Shan._ _ than David? Gao Shan _.3、誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？我想是她的。_ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think.4、誰的蘋果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。_ apples _ _,your _ or your _?My _ _.5、你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎？是的。_ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.6、他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。He _ as _ as _ _ Jim.7、她和她的雙胞胎哥哥一樣胖嗎？不，她比他瘦。_ _ as _ as_ twin _?No, _ _ than him.8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day.9.我跳得和Mike一樣遠。I _ as _ as Mike.10.Tom比你跑得快嗎？不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。_ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.11.多做運動，你會更強壯。_ more exercise,youll _ _ soon.12.我的科學很好，但是語文不好。I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese.13. 你放風箏比王兵放得高嗎？不，我比他放得低。_you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_.14.我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like_.All my_ _ _than me.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My_ _ up _than me.16.女孩比男孩唱得好嗎？是的。_the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes,they _.17.她不擅長體育。但我跳得沒有她高。She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同學好嗎？不，他們踢得和我一樣好。_ you _football _than your classmates?No,they_as_as me.19我母親比我父親年紀小。My_ _ _than my _.20.她的毛衣和我的一樣重。_sweater_ as_as_.21.我的連衣裙太短了。我想買一條大點的。My dress_ too_. I want to _a_one.22. Im taller than Mike .(該成用原級的比較)Im _ as _ as Mike. 六、一般過去時1一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經常或反復發(fā)生的動作感謝。 2Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化： am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt） are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent） 帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調到句首。 3句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子 否定句：didnt +動詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問句：在句首加did，句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。 如：Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？ 如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？ 如：Who went to home yesterday? 動詞過去式變化規(guī)則： 1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2結尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted 3末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4以“輔音字母+y”結尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 5不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 一般過去時練習 寫出下列動詞的過去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_ play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_ worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_ put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _ Be動詞的過去時練習（1） 一、用be動詞的適當形式填空 1. I _ at school just now. 2. He _ at the camp last week. 3. We _ students two years ago. 4. They _ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year. 6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. 二、句型轉換 1. It was exciting. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. All the students were very excited. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. They were in his pocket. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ Be動詞的過去時練習（2） 一、用be動詞的適當形式填空 1. I _ an English teacher now. 2. She _ happy yesterday. 3. They _ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends. 5. The little dog _ two years old this year. 6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here. 7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday. 8. Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited. 二、句型轉換 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 三、中譯英 1我的故事書剛才還在手表旁邊。 _ 2他們的外套上個禮拜放在臥室里了。 _ 3一會以前花園里有兩只小鳥。 _ 行為動詞的過去時練習（1） 一、用行為動詞的適當形式填空 1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two years ago. 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party. 二、句型轉換 1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 2. Nancy went to school early. 否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_ 肯、否定回答：_ 3. We sang some Englis