一起學(xué)托福閱讀之自然科學(xué)篇—大象的嗅覺相關(guān).docx

一起學(xué)托福閱讀之自然科學(xué)篇大象的嗅覺相關(guān)大象的嗅覺令科學(xué)家很是震驚，大象竟然可以成為“嗅彈象”，它們到底是有多么厲害？在和大象的互動中還會有哪些倫理問題值得探討？來和托福小編一起開始今天的托福閱讀學(xué)習(xí)吧！在托福閱讀之前，先來學(xué)習(xí)一下文章中的疑難詞：Sniff n. 吸，聞；氣味vt. 嗅；聞；發(fā)覺Sniff Out發(fā)現(xiàn)；尋找Distinguish v. 區(qū)分；辨別hostile n. 敵對adj. 敵對的landmine n. 地雷ranch n. 大農(nóng)場；大牧場Scratch n. 擦傷；抓痕vt. 抓；刮TNT-sniffing 嗅彈的wary adj. 謹(jǐn)慎的；機警的orphan n. 孤兒adj. 孤兒的Earmark n. 特征；耳上記號vt. 在耳朵上做記號cull vt. 精選；采集(鮮花等)；剔除roam n. 漫步，漫游；流浪vt. 在漫步brethren n.兄弟們，同胞；同黨，會友alleviate vt. 減輕，緩和retaliation n. 報復(fù)；反擊；回敬好了，開始閱讀吧!Can Elephants Amazing Sense of Smell Help Sniff Out Bombs大象驚人的嗅覺可發(fā)現(xiàn)炸彈Elephants have 2,000 genes for smell, the most of any animal on Earthmore than twice those of the domestic dog and five times more than those of humans, according to a 2014 study in the journal Genome Research.美國科學(xué)雜志Genome Research上刊登的2014年的論文稱大象約有2000個嗅覺基因，是地球上擁有最多嗅覺基因的動物是狗的兩倍，人類的5倍。A previous study in Kenya found that elephants can distinguish which tribe a person belongs to by their smell, and will actively avoid those from tribes that have been hostile toward them.肯尼亞曾有研究稱，大象可以通過人身上的氣味來辨別他屬于哪個部落，以此避開那些曾經(jīng)傷害過它們的部落。And in postwar Angola, elephants have been observed avoiding landmine fields, possibly because they can smell the mines underground.在戰(zhàn)后的安哥拉，可以看到大象能夠躲避雷區(qū)，這也許就是因為它們可以嗅到地雷的味道。At the Adventures with Elephants ranch, a safari business about 100 miles (160 kilometers) from Pretoria, owner Sean Hensman knows how smart and skillful the giant mammals can be.在距離比勒陀利亞大約100英里的冒險主題大象.農(nóng)場 ，主人亨斯曼很了解這種巨大的動物有多么聰明，多么靈巧。We are only scratching the surface of what we know about this animal, says Hensman.Their intelligence, scent, and communication abilitiesits really exciting.“我們對它們的理解其實還只是表面上的，它們的智慧，嗅覺以及交流能力真的太激動人心了，” 亨斯曼說。Ethical Questions倫理問題Though the TNT-sniffing elephants wont be put on the front lines, Joyce Poole, an expert in elephant behavior and co-founder of the conservation group ElephantVoices, is wary of any research that involves captive elephants.大象行為專家，ElephantVoices團(tuán)體創(chuàng)立者喬伊斯普爾表示，盡管這些“嗅彈象”不會被安排在前線，我們也應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎對待有關(guān)被逮捕大象的研究。Elephants do have an amazing sense of smell, and it is possible that orphan elephants raised with kindness might be able to do some extraordinary work for humans, says Poole, a National Geographic explorer. But, she cautions, people working with the animals need to be careful not to unknowingly harm them.國家地理探險家普爾表示，“大象確實有很好的嗅覺，而且很有可能那些被小心照顧的孤兒象能夠為人類做一些額外的事情?！钡牵嬲]大家，在和這些大象一起工作的時候，要注意不要無意傷害到它們。Hensman insists that his elephantsall of which were either earmarked for culling or were going to be shot as problem animalsare happy at his farm, where they spend their days roaming a 7,400-acre (3,000-hectare) area, interacting with tourists and working with researchers who visit the farm.亨斯曼強調(diào)，他的大象都是那些標(biāo)上記號要剔除或者因為做了“壞事”要被殺的象，它們在占地7400英畝的農(nóng)場里漫步，和游客互動，和那些來這里做研究的科學(xué)家一起工作，它們過的很舒服。And the U.S. Armys Lee argues that using elephants for research could actually help their wild brethren.美國軍隊的李表示研究大象實際上幫助到了他們野外的同胞。A better understanding of elephants can help alleviate conflict in areas where there is human pressure on the animals, he says.他表示，“對大象了解的越多，可以緩和一些地方人類對動物的傷害?！盜n highly populated areas, elephants can be dangerous, and encounters between the animals and people have increased as more people move into elephant habitat.在人口眾多的地方，大象是危險的，而且人類越來越多地進(jìn)入大象的地盤增加了人與象之間的正面交鋒。More than 200 people were killed by elephants in Kenya over the past seven years, according to the conservation group WWF, and sometimes people will kill the animals in retaliation.據(jù)WWF統(tǒng)計，過去的7年里，在肯尼亞已經(jīng)有超過200人被大象殺害，有時候人類因為報復(fù)也會殺害大象。一起分析一下文章中的長難句：1.A previous study in Kenya found that elephants can distinguish which tribe a person belongs to by their smell, and will actively avoid those from tribes that have been hostile toward them.句子類型：賓語從句+定語從句句子拆分：主干：A previous study found that賓語從句：that elephants can distinguish (which tribe a person belongs to) by their smell, and will actively avoid those from tribes (that have been hostile toward them).中間穿插兩個定語從句：(which tribe a person belongs to)和(that have been hostile toward them)翻譯：肯尼亞曾有研究稱，大象可以通過人身上的氣味來辨別他屬于哪個部落，以此避開那些曾經(jīng)傷害過它們的部落。2.Hensman insists that his elephantsall of which were either earmarked for culling or were going to be shot as problem animalsare happy at his farm, where they spend their days roaming a 7,400-acre (3,000-hectare) area, interacting with tourists and working with researchers who visit the farm.句子類型：插入語+賓語從句+定語從句句子拆分：主干：Hensman insists that插入語：all of which were either earmarked for culling or were going to be shot as problem animals，做elephants的定語修飾成分賓語從句：that his elephants are happy at his farm定語從句：where they spend their days roaming a 7,400-acre (3,000-hectare) area, interacting with t