高中英語閱讀理解方法詳講.doc

閱讀是獲得更綜合、更復(fù)雜、更精確信息的必要手段，考生在做閱讀理解時，不僅要看懂文章的字面意思，還需要針對不同題材和體裁的篇目運用不同的方法作出正確的選擇。一般來說，詞匯、閱讀速度和理解能力是閱讀理解中三個最重要并且有相互聯(lián)系的因素。 閱讀的方法先找到中心，再帶著問題去讀文章不同體裁文章的特點及解題技巧 1.記敘文 2.說明文 3.應(yīng)用文 記敘文：傳記類文章在閱讀中時間是全文的關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)時間我們可以找到相關(guān)的事件，抓住文章的主要內(nèi)容。 故事類文章情節(jié)性較強，閱讀時要注意故事中的時間、地點、人物和發(fā)生的事件，這些都是文章中的主要內(nèi)容和信息，對于準(zhǔn)確理解文章十分重要。說明文：說明文是對事物的形狀、性質(zhì)、特征、成果或功用等進(jìn)行介紹，解釋或闡述的文章。把握所說明事物的特征和本質(zhì)是理解說明文的關(guān)鍵。說明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定義法、解釋法、比較法、比喻法、數(shù)字法、圖表法、引用法和舉例法等。 議論文：主要體現(xiàn)人類的理性思考，它靠邏輯推理和分析論證，以理服人。即在文章中說服別人同意你的觀點，樂于接受你的觀點。這就是議論文的主要特點。因此，論點、論據(jù)、論證就構(gòu)成了議論文的三個必備的要素【例1】 All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒勞的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的2】The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year. 定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由means, is, or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等詞匯或破折號來表示 3】Children often try to imitate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 4）Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete 【例6】With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. unconditional: 無條件的，絕對的nonjudgmental:沒有判斷力的6.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等 但歸納主題容易出現(xiàn)以下三種錯誤，需要同學(xué)們注意。 1以偏概全。即只抓住了主題的一個側(cè)面就誤以為是主題。 2過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太泛，與細(xì)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對細(xì)節(jié)加以充分論證。 3把觀點強加給作者。讀者往往根據(jù)自己的常識對文章進(jìn)行判斷而忽視了作者的見解。 1）主題句在段首 一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。Example 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. : Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. Some people like steak and others red meat.B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.D. Different people have different tastes in food.(2)主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾 作者先擺出事實依據(jù), 層層推理論證, 最后自然得出結(jié)論, 即段落的主題。Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. (3)在短文中間主題句也可以安排在段中間, 此時前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由其后陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出, 然后再作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 支持或發(fā)展.Example 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out. Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment， it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反應(yīng)).According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.MaybetenyearoldElizabethputitbestwhenshesaidtoherfather.“But,Dad,youcantbehealthyifyouredead.”Dad,inahurrytogethomebeforedarksohecouldgoforarun,hadforgottentowearhissafetybeltamistake75%oftheUSpopulationmakeeveryday.Thebigquestioniswhy.WhydidElizabethsaytoherfather,“But,Dad,youcantbehealthyifyouredead?A.Hewasdrivingatgreatspeed.B.Hewasrunningacrossthestreet.C.Hedidnthavehissafetybelton.D.Hedidnttakehismedicineontime.10歲的女兒對父親說：“爸爸，你若死了，也就不可能健康了?！迸畠簽槭裁催@樣說呢？下文告訴我們：父親匆匆忙忙在天黑之前開車趕回家，以便跑步鍛煉身體，但卻在開車回家時忘記系安全帶。顯然女兒是在責(zé)備父親未系安全帶開車，由此可推知答案應(yīng)選C。 細(xì)節(jié)專題一：排序題 此類試題的考查形式是在選項中列舉一些具體的事實，然后對上面的事實進(jìn)行排序。要求考生根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的先后順序、時間順序以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序?？忌梢韵日页鲎钤绲囊粋€時間和事件，把它作為事件發(fā)生的具體點，然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小，從而快速地選出正確答案。例1：In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach(沙灘)in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence(便士) to hire a machine and an attendant(侍者). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine . Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stoped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the right order for doing them? a. Changing into bathing clothes b. Getting out of the bathing machinec. Paying 2 pence d. Getting into the bathing machinee. Being taken down the beach f. Getting into the waterA. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c細(xì)節(jié)專題二：計算題計算題也是近幾年高考中常考的內(nèi)容，此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來細(xì)節(jié)事實，有的要經(jīng)過具體的計算才能夠得出正確的答案。具體的計算題可以是對年代的計算、月份的計算或比例的計算等。文章中經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們對解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。解答此類試題的方法是先來理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對比、分析、計算等就能夠得出正確的答案了。 Degree We offer a wide choice of bachelors degrees (學(xué)位) for international students, which includes: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens, for further information: degwaikato.ac.nz. Tuition Fees(學(xué)費)Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information:tuiwaikato.ac.nz. Accommodation(住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: accwaikato. ac.nz HealthThe Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information: healwaikato.ac.nz. 1、按意群閱讀，擴大視幅。例如： When the Judge had finished/ what he was saying/ Mrs Young opened her handbag she was carrying/ and took out the sewing. Without saying a word/ she chose a needle with a very small eye/ and threaded it at her first try.2、閱讀時少用或不用詞典。3 、了解英語語言國家的文化背景知識建議 一1猜測熟詞新含義“It was the best night we had ever had”, said Angela Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant.猜測熟詞含義除了要求同學(xué)們有較強的語境分析能力外，還要求同學(xué)們有較寬的知識面，對常見有新含義的熟詞要弄清其用法，并將這些詞進(jìn)行簡要歸納整理。2猜測詞性變換新詞含義When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life? 利用熟詞的新詞性來抽象詞義，關(guān)鍵應(yīng)在理解原詞的基礎(chǔ)上，分析它