2021年高二英語人教版選修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions生詞巧解素材

1、庖丁巧解牛 知識(shí)巧學(xué) 生詞巧解 發(fā)現(xiàn);發(fā)覺 【詞析】音析:字母組合 i,o,e,y分別讀作 i, ,和i。形析:discover（vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)）+-y（名詞后綴） 義析:something discovered 【典句】the discovery of oil on their land made the people rapidly rich. 他們?cè)谕恋厣习l(fā)現(xiàn)了石油,這使人們很快致富了。【拓展】1）構(gòu)詞:discover vt.發(fā)現(xiàn);發(fā)覺 2）注意區(qū)別discovery 和invention的用法discovery是指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)找尋出原本就已存在但還不為人所知的事物。invention

2、是指“發(fā)明”,強(qiáng)調(diào)通過研究制造或者設(shè)想出原本不存在的事物。call up 給打電話 【詞析】義析:make a phone call 【典句】parents should not call up their children while they are listening to the lessons. 當(dāng)孩子們聽課時(shí),父母不應(yīng)該給他們打電話。【拓展】1）牢記下列短語:call for需要;要求;call off取消;call on拜訪;call forth喚起;引起;on call隨時(shí)待命的;準(zhǔn)備妥當(dāng)?shù)?2）拓展:call up召集;動(dòng)員；使人想起 (=call upon) now and

3、 then偶爾;有時(shí) 【詞析】義析:from time to time 【典句】although we are busy doing our lessons,we go to the english salon now and then. 盡管我們忙于功課,但是我們還是不時(shí)去英語沙龍?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:since then那時(shí)以來;till then一直到那時(shí);before then那時(shí)以前;but then但是另一方面;by then到那時(shí)候;from then on從那時(shí)起 顯示的差別;使有所不同;辨別 【詞析】音析:元音字母 i,i,i分別讀作 i, i和i。形析:dis(分開)+s

4、ting(刺)+ish(動(dòng)詞后綴)以刺的記號(hào)分開 義析:recognize the difference between sth.;tell the difference between sth. 【典句】the monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination. 班長在考試中成績優(yōu)異,因而顯得突出?！就卣埂?）構(gòu)詞:distinction n.區(qū)別;distinctive adj.獨(dú)特的;distinguished卓越的;著名的 2）牢記下列固定結(jié)構(gòu):be distinguished as辨明為,稱之為;b

5、e distinguished by以為特征;be distinguished for以而著名;be distinguished from不同于;與加以區(qū)別;distinguish.from.辨別;識(shí)別;把和區(qū)別開;distinguish oneself使自己與眾不同;使自己出名 3)牢記相關(guān)短語:distinguish right from wrong明辨是非;distinguish good from evil分辨善惡;distinguish sb.in a crowd在人群中認(rèn)出某人;distinguish things into classes把東西分成類 set about 開始;著

6、手 【詞析】義析:start doing sth. 【典句】if hes set about doing it,nothing will stop him. 他一旦開始做這事,什么也阻擋不住他?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:set aside放在一邊;駁回;set down放下;擱下;記下;set in持續(xù)下去;set off,set out出發(fā);啟程;set on攻擊;襲擊;set out to do認(rèn)真地開始做;set up建立（事業(yè)）;set aside 留出 突然的;意外的 【詞析】音析:元音字母 a,u分別讀作和。義析:sudden 【典句】some car sellers have gon

7、e away from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the prices. 由于價(jià)格的突然轉(zhuǎn)變,一些轎車商已退出市場(chǎng)?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:abrupt entrance 貿(mào)然闖進(jìn);an abrupt turn急轉(zhuǎn)彎;in an abrupt manner無禮的態(tài)度;an abrupt change in the weather天氣的突然變化 便利的;方便的 【詞析】音析:元音字母 o,e,字母組合ie分別讀作,和。形析:conve(=convey交通)-nient(形容詞后綴) 義析:handy;suitable 【典句】our hous

8、e is convenient for the shops. 我們家到商店很方便。【拓展】1） 構(gòu)詞:convenience n.方便;便利;conveniently adv. 方便地 2）反義詞:inconvenient adj.不便的;有困難的 3）牢記相關(guān)短語:convenience food方便食品;convenience store便民商店;at ones convenience在某人方便時(shí) 4)牢記相關(guān)句型:sth.is convenient for sb.某事對(duì)某人來說是方便的;it is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人干某事是方便的 監(jiān)控;n.班長

9、;監(jiān)聽器;監(jiān)視器 【詞析】音析:元音字母 o,i,字母組合 or分別讀作，i和 。形析:monit（警告）+-or（表示人的名詞后綴） 義析:a pupil who assists a teacher in routine duties 【典句】we have been monitoring the enemys radio broadcasts to try to find out their secret plans. 我們一直在監(jiān)聽敵方的電臺(tái)廣播,設(shè)法查探他們的秘密計(jì)劃?！就卣埂?）同根詞:monitory adj.訓(xùn)誡的;monition n.忠告,警告,告誡書,傳票;monitors

10、hip n. 級(jí)長的職務(wù) 2）牢記相關(guān)短語:monitor an examination監(jiān)考;display monitor監(jiān)視器;monitor the citys drinking water 測(cè)試城市的飲用水中的雜質(zhì) 放走;釋放 【詞析】音析:元音字母 e,字母組合ea 分別讀作 i和。形析:re(再)lease(=loose 松開的)釋放發(fā)行承認(rèn)認(rèn)出 義析:liberate,publish,loosen,recognize 【典句】the old man persuaded the boy to release the bird and it flew away. 這位老者勸說這個(gè)男孩

11、放了這只鳥,讓它飛走了?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:常與from連用,release sb.from ones suffering免除某人的痛苦;release sb.from ones promise使某人不必履行諾言;a recently released film新發(fā)行的電影 聲稱;n.主張 【詞析】音析:字母組合 ai讀作。形析:clear(使清楚)+aim（目的） 義析:declare 【典句】his claim about the number of people killed in the coal mine accident was evidently not true. 他所說的煤

12、礦事故中的死亡人數(shù)顯然是不真實(shí)的?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:make a claim for 要求;make a claim to認(rèn)為是屬于自己的;claim against damage要求賠償損失;have a claim on 有對(duì)要求權(quán) 有效的;確鑿的 【詞析】音析:元音字母 a,i,分別讀作和i。義析:effective 【典句】for some pupils,the little cough is a valid excuse for being absent from school. 對(duì)一些小學(xué)生來說,小小的咳嗽是不去上學(xué)的正當(dāng)理由?！就卣埂?）構(gòu)詞:validly adv. val

13、idness n. 2）牢記短語:a valid objection有根據(jù)的反對(duì);valid methods有效的辦法;a valid conclusion正確推斷的結(jié)論;valid evidence確鑿的證據(jù);be valid for two weeks有效期兩周 in case (以防)萬一 【詞析】義析:if it happens that 【典句】take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 帶一頂帽子以防太陽曬?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:in case of如果;萬一;in any case無論如何;in that case如果那樣的話

14、 忍受;忍耐;負(fù)擔(dān) 【詞析】音析:字母組合 ear讀作。義析:put up with 【典句】he bears a grudge（怨恨）against me because i took his place in the office. 他對(duì)我懷恨在心,因?yàn)槲胰〈怂谵k公室里的位置?！就卣埂?）同義詞:stand忍受;support承擔(dān);give birth to生育 2）比較 bear,suffer和stand 這組動(dòng)詞都有“忍受”的意思。 bear 側(cè)重于表示“忍受沉重或難辦的事”。 suffer 側(cè)重于表示“忍受或經(jīng)受令人不愉快的，甚至于痛苦的事”。 stand表示“忍受令人生厭的事”

15、。dive into 迅速把手伸入;一心投入 【詞析】義析:quickly put ones hands into;devote oneself into;to plunge 【典句】he dived from the bridge into the cold water and rescued the drowning child. 他從橋上跳入水中,救起溺水的孩子?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:make a dive for向沖去;take a dive突然下降;dive into the water跳入水中;dive into the crowd沖進(jìn)人群;dive into a purse手伸進(jìn)

16、錢袋 set out(to do) 開始（做） 【詞析】義析:begin to do 【典句】on their arrival,they set out to read the english books they brought with themselves. 他們一到達(dá)那里,就開始讀隨身攜帶的英語書?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:set aside/apart把另外存起來;set back使倒退;撥回(鐘表的針);set before把放在面前;set by 把留作將來之用;set down放下;記下;登記;set forward出發(fā),把鐘表時(shí)間向前撥;set free釋放,解放;set off

17、出發(fā),動(dòng)身;set out出發(fā);開始;陳述;set to認(rèn)真干起來;set up豎起;建起 （水或氣）流;電流;adj.現(xiàn)在的;當(dāng)前的 【詞析】音析:字母組合ur,元音字母 rent 分別讀作 和。形析:cur（靠近的）+-rent（形容詞后綴） 義析:present 【典句】whoever goes with the current of the times will be respected. 順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流的人將受到尊敬?！就卣埂?）構(gòu)詞:currentless adj.無電流的；無流的;currently adv.普遍地,通常地; 2）牢記相關(guān)短語:current events 時(shí)事;c

18、urrent fashions流行時(shí)尚;current money通用的貨幣 in truth 的確;事實(shí)上 【詞析】義析:in fact 【典句】in truth, some students are only making use of half of the time in class. 事實(shí)上,一些同學(xué)只利用了課堂的1/2的時(shí)間?！就卣埂坷斡浵嚓P(guān)短語:seek after truth探求真理;arrive at the truth獲知真相;out of truth裝配得不精確;to tell the truth說實(shí)在話 實(shí)際的;實(shí)踐的;實(shí)用的 【詞析】音析:元音字母a,i,a分別讀作,和。形析:practice(實(shí)踐)+-al（形容詞后綴） 義析: