現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(知識梳理

1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來概念引入現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是我們非常熟悉的時(shí)態(tài)，常表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動作，如：Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 你為什么在哭？有什么不對嗎？但是觀察這些句子：1. Im going. 我要走了。2. What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么？3. Dont forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘記：你也要參加。4. She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled.

2、她明天要去看牙醫(yī)，因?yàn)樗难佬枰a(bǔ)。這些句子中的謂語動詞都是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，但是談?wù)摰亩际菍淼氖?，這就是本單元我們要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。語法講解現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來主要用于表示按照計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作或事件，常表示最近或較近的將來，有“意圖”、“安排”或“打算”，給人期待感，多是轉(zhuǎn)移動詞，如：come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 Im leaving tomorrow. 我打算明天離開。 Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒待到下個星期嗎？ Theyre coming here this af

3、ternoon. 今天下午他們要來這兒。 She is leaving on the New York flight. 她要乘飛紐約的航班去。 Do you know if he is going to school tomorrow? 你知道明天他上不上學(xué)嗎？ What time are you coming back? 你準(zhǔn)備什么時(shí)候回來？ I am starting early tomorrow morning. 我打算明天一早就動身。 The delegation is arriving this afternoon. 代表團(tuán)將于今天下午到達(dá)。2. 進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來還可以用于一些非位移動詞

4、，如do, buy, meet, have, play, spend等，此時(shí)句中一般要有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。 What are you doing next Sunday? 下周日你要干什么？ My mother is buying me a bike soon. 我媽媽很快要給我買一輛自行車。 We are playing football this afternoon. 今天下午我們要踢足球。 Were probably spending the coming Easter with the Greens. 我們會和格林一家共度復(fù)活節(jié)。 Im meeting Janet later thi

5、s evening. 今晚我會與珍妮見面。3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)偶爾也表示較遠(yuǎn)的將來。 When I grow up, Im joining the army. 我長大了要參軍。4. 表示將來的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)含有“決心”的意思，多用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)中。 Im not going there. 我不去那兒了。 Im not waiting for her any longer. 我不會再等她了?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的其它用法1. 表示說話的時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與時(shí)間狀語now, at the moment等連用。 Im sitting on a rock near the river with my friends

6、.我和我的朋友們正坐在河邊的一塊巖石上。 Were having a meeting. 我們在開會。 Be quiet！ The baby is sleeping 安靜，孩子在睡覺。2. 表示現(xiàn)在階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，而不一定是說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與today, this week, this term等連用。 What are you doing recently? 你最近在忙些什么？ He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中學(xué)教書。 Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my dad

7、on the farm. 現(xiàn)在是暑假，我在農(nóng)場幫我爸爸干活。3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩，通常與 always， forever， constantly等副詞連用。比較： Shes always helping people. 她老是幫助別人。（表示贊揚(yáng)） She always helps others. 他總是幫助別人。（陳述一個事實(shí)） The boy is constantly lying. 這孩子老是撒謊。（表示厭惡） The boy often lies. 這孩子常撒謊。（指出缺點(diǎn)） How are you feeling today? 今天感覺怎么樣？（

8、親切） You are constantly complaining. 你總是不停地抱怨。（抱怨）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來談?wù)摃簳r(shí)的情況，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來表示永久的情況，或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情或習(xí)慣。Hes not working very hard at the moment. （目前情況）此時(shí)他并沒在努力工作。He doesnt work very hard.（經(jīng)常的情況）他工作不努力。What kind of music does the woman like? (2019 北京高考)這位女子喜歡什么種類的音樂？Mr. Green is writing another nove

9、l. 格林先生在寫另一部小說。動詞be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)動詞be的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主要用于表示一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)存在的狀態(tài)。He is foolish. 他很傻。(性格如此) He is being foolish. 他顯得很傻。(指一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，并非總是如此) He is friendly. 他很友好。(長期如此) He is being friendly. 他顯得很友好。(指暫時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，而且不一定真誠) He is polite and reasonable. 他講禮貌而且通情達(dá)理。He is being polite and reasonable. 他這會兒講禮貌而且通情達(dá)理?！癰e+形容詞”用于現(xiàn)在

10、進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，其中的形容詞通常只能是angry, careful, careless, clever, foolish, stupid, kind, friendly, brave, rude, polite等動態(tài)形容詞，而big, tall, beautiful 等靜態(tài)形容詞不能這樣用。不用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞1. 表示事實(shí)狀態(tài)的動詞，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。 This house b

11、elongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。 Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol. 威士忌的酒精含量極高。2. 表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, need, recognize, remember, want, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。 He loves her very much. 他愛她很深

12、。 They agreed to reserve four tickets for us. 他們答應(yīng)給我們留四張票。3. 瞬間動詞，如 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。 I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。 When will you complete the task? 你什么時(shí)候完成任務(wù)? The following evening a party was given for him by his parents. 第二天晚上他父母為他舉行了一個派對。4. 系動詞，如

13、seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste等。You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點(diǎn)累。This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。注意：1. “feel +形容詞”表主語情感、感覺、心理狀態(tài)時(shí)，常用進(jìn)行時(shí)： How are you feeling now? Im feeling better. 你現(xiàn)在感覺怎么樣？ 感覺好多了。2. 某些系動詞，如get, grow, become, turn,

14、 run, go, begin等，用進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示漸變。The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。一般將來時(shí)的幾種表達(dá)方法1. will/ shall do表示單純的將來，或臨時(shí)要做某事。will用于各種人稱，shall一般用于第一人稱，但是will表示將來通常不用于狀語從句中，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先讀哪一段呢？ Ill tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow. 如果我明天看到

15、他，我就告訴他實(shí)情。 You said Tom is ill? Ill go to see him now. 你說湯姆病了？我現(xiàn)在馬上去看他。注意：在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中可以用will表示主語的意愿。 If you will listen to me, Ill tell you the truth. 如果你愿意聽我說，我就告訴你實(shí)情。2. be going to指現(xiàn)在的打算、意圖，表示最近的計(jì)劃和安排。 be going to可以表示計(jì)劃、安排要做的事，也可表示有跡象表明最近的將來要發(fā)生的事。Also Im not going to ask you what words mean. 我也不

16、打算問你們單詞是什么意思。 What are you going to do this weekend? 你這周末打算干什么呢？ It is going to rain, so wed better stay indoors. 要下雨了，因此我們最好待在室內(nèi)。3. be doing與表示將來的時(shí)間連用，表示不久的將來計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或動作。 When are you going off for your holiday? 你什么時(shí)候去度假？ Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？4. be to do 表示按預(yù)定計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事情，還

17、可以表示“注定”、“可能性”、“義務(wù)”等。 He is to have a holiday. 他要度假了。You are to pay for your fault. 你得為你的失誤付出代價(jià)。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。 You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 你要去那家旅館，房間已經(jīng)給你預(yù)定了。5. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。分為三種情況：1）按照規(guī)定（如工作計(jì)劃、各種時(shí)刻表）要發(fā)生的未來的動作，僅限于go

18、, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin等等。 The train leaves ten minutes later. 火車十分鐘后啟動。 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。2）用于時(shí)間狀語從句（when, unitl， .）、條件狀語從句（if，unless，.）等，代替will表示的一般將來時(shí)。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫信給你。 3）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的

19、賓語從句中。 I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了6. be about to do 剛要，正要，表示非常近的將來。1) be about to 不能和表示將來的時(shí)間副詞連用。2) be about to do. when . 正要的時(shí)候事情發(fā)生了。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。 She was about to

20、dish up when some guests came. 她剛要上菜開飯，這時(shí)來了一些客人。 As she was about to speak, I frowned her down. 她剛要開口，我就皺皺眉示意她別出聲。 I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so. 我正要去游泳，這時(shí)向?qū)Т舐暯形也灰?。表示將來的各形式辨?. be going to 和will/shall兩者都可表示意圖，有時(shí)可互換，但be going to著重強(qiáng)調(diào)事先考慮或決定的事；will 表示臨

21、時(shí)的打算或決定。用于條件句時(shí)，be going to表將來, will表意愿。If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算來一次旅行，最好是盡快做好準(zhǔn)備。Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 如果你愿意脫下你的衣服，我們會在鏡子前幫你穿上新衣服。2. be going to和be to do1）兩者都可以

22、表示將來的計(jì)劃，但是be going to還能表示不受主觀控制要發(fā)生的事，而be to do不行。如可以說“It is going to rain.”不能說“It is to rain.”2）“be going to do”側(cè)重說話人個人的意圖和打算，“be to do”側(cè)重受別人的指示或安排要做的事。 This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over. (別人安排) 這個淘氣的男孩要在這里待到下課。Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.（個人打算）明天下午我想去踢球。3. do

23、/ be doing和be going to dodo/ does 時(shí)間表排定的事 be doing 近期個人具體安排 be going to do 意圖，打算 Im meeting my friend at the air- port tomorrow. 我明天要在機(jī)場見一個朋友。Her plane arrives at 11 a.m. 她的飛機(jī)11點(diǎn)到達(dá)。We are going to have lunch together. 我們打算一起吃午飯。品味將來時(shí)欣賞下列笑話，了解其中的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來的用法。1. A: We are sending our son to a vacation

24、next week. B: Oh! Does he need a vacation? A: No, but we do! 2. A: I hear you are moving to London next week. B: Yes, I have to because of my job. A: Are you working for the same people? B: Yes, my wife and our six kids!3. A boy was up an apple tree stealing apples. A policeman came along. He looked up at the boy in the tree and said, “When are you coming down, young man?” “When yo