非謂語動詞的句子成分與表現(xiàn)形式

1、非謂語動詞的 句子成分與 表現(xiàn)形式 種類種類to dodoing done一般式進(jìn)行式被動式完成式完成被動式完成進(jìn)行式to doto be doing to be done to have doneto have been done to have been doing doing -being donehaving donehaving been donehaving been doing - - -done being done having been done 變變 化化形形 式式非謂語動詞短語 的共同特征: a) Not的位置: 在相應(yīng)的形式最前面. b) 句法功能：相當(dāng)于 動詞、形容

2、詞、副詞、名詞c) 有自己相應(yīng)的成分: 賓語或狀語或定語. doing doneto doSubject (n.) 主語 doing (動名詞)being done形式主語 itPredictive (a./n.) 表語1)doing(形容詞)2)doing(動名詞)3)being done (動名詞)1) to do 2) to be done3) 形式主語 it 1)done(v.t)2)done(v.i)3)done (形容詞)有例外常用:1) to do 2) to be done用 法類 別 doing doneto do Object ( n.) 賓語動名詞1)doing 2)be

3、ing done 3)having(been) done 4)形式賓語 it1) to do2) to be done 3) 形式賓語 itObjectComplement ( a.) 賓補(bǔ) 主補(bǔ)1)doing(分詞) 2)doing (a.)3)being done (分詞被動式)4)無完成體1)done (分詞)2)done (a.)3)being done (分詞進(jìn)行式)4)無完成體1) to do 2) to be done3) do (省略to)4) to have (been) done (非人稱轉(zhuǎn)述結(jié)構(gòu))用 法類 別 doing doneto doAttributive (a./

4、n.) 定語1) doing (a.) 2) doing (n.)3) doing(分詞) 4) being done (分詞被動式)5)無完成體(用定語從句)1)done(vt 分詞)1)done(vi分詞)2)done (a.)3)being done (分詞進(jìn)行式)4)無完成體1) to do 2) to be done用 法類 別 doing doneto doAdverbial (adv) 狀語1)doing(分詞)2)being done (a.方式/原因)3)being done (分詞被動式)4)having done5)having been doing6)having be

5、en done (=done)1)done (v.t)2)done (a.)3)being done (a.方式/原因)4)being done (v.t 或表進(jìn)行)5)having been done (v.t) (=done)1)to do2)to be done 3)to be doing4)to have done 5)to have been done (v.t)用 法類 別 doing doneto do1)doing(分詞) 2)doing(a.)3)being done (分詞被動式)4)having done 5)having been done (v.t)1) done (

6、分詞)2) done (a.)3) being done (分詞進(jìn)行式)4) having been done (v.t)1)to do2)to be donewith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(勿與介賓 結(jié)構(gòu) 混淆)用 法類 別 doing doneto do用 法類 別 獨(dú)立主格 結(jié)構(gòu)1)to do2)to be done1)doing(分詞) 2)doing (a.)3)being done (分詞被動式)4)having done 5)having been done(v.t)1) done (分詞)2) done (a.)3) being done (分詞進(jìn)行式)4) having been done

7、 (v.t) 種種類類to dodoing done主語表語賓語賓補(bǔ)定語狀語to be done to have doneto have been done 句子意思句子意思being donehaving donehaving been donehaving been doing句句子子成成分分非謂語動詞主動與被動形式的判斷依據(jù) 主語主語 主語主語 賓語賓語 所修飾名詞所修飾名詞主語主語主補(bǔ) 主語主語 非謂語動詞作狀語 與狀語從句的 替換條件1) 時間狀語 when / while / until + doing / done before (prep) + doing / being do

8、ne after (prep) + doing / being done / having done / having been done as+ doing / done (用完整句子表達(dá))2) 原因狀語 because / since / as / now that / for + doing / done / having (been) done / to have (been) done (用完整句子表達(dá))3) 方式伴隨狀語 doing / done / being done having (been) done / to do / to be done 6)讓步狀語 although

9、 / though / even though / even if / wh-ever + doing / done / having (been) done 5) 結(jié)果狀語 doing / done / (only) to do having / to have (been) done4)目的狀語 doing / done to do to have (been) done in order that / so that + 句子8) 比較狀語 as / than + (be) +done as / than + (sb / sth be) +done .as / than planned

10、/ thought / imagined / expected / supposed / believed . 7) 條件狀語 if / unless / once + doing / done / having (been) done as long as / provided +doing / done (用完整句子表達(dá))非謂語動詞 用作插入語frankly speaking 坦白地說honestly speaking 說實話judging from/by 根據(jù)判斷speaking of / talking of 談到 generally speaking 一般地說strictly spe

11、aking 嚴(yán)格地說exactly speaking 準(zhǔn)確地說taking all things into consideration =taking everything into consideration 就各方面而言 全面看來 全盤考慮=taking all things into account=taking everything into account1）doing 現(xiàn)在分詞 2) done 過去分詞 all things considered 就各方面而言 全面看來=everything considered =taking everything / all things in

12、to consideration 3) to do 不定式 to be honest 說實話 to tell (you) the truth 說實話to start with / begin with 首先 第一to conclude 總而言之 總之to sum up 總而言之 綜上所述 to make the matter / it worse 更糟糕的是to be exact 確切地說to be brief 簡言之看似非謂語動詞 實則為介詞 或連詞doing形式用作介詞或連詞 1) 介詞類 considering 考慮到 顧及 following在之后 including 包括 concerning關(guān)于 regarding 對于 至于 就而論2