社會(huì)符號(hào)學(xué)翻譯法要點(diǎn)

1、社會(huì)符號(hào)學(xué)翻譯法Eugene A. NidaCharles Morris符號(hào)是由三個(gè)方面組成的實(shí)體，即1）符號(hào)載體（a sign vehicle） 2）符號(hào)所扌旨（a represent of the sign） 3）解釋者（an interpretant）o這三部分之間的關(guān)系產(chǎn)生了符號(hào)學(xué)的三種意義: 形式意義（符號(hào)與其他符號(hào)之間的關(guān)系）、存在意義（符號(hào)與所指對(duì)象的關(guān)系）和實(shí)用意義（符號(hào)與解釋者的關(guān)系）。符號(hào)的完整意義為二方面意義的總合。Charles Morris應(yīng)用于語言研究時(shí)也就相應(yīng)地將語言意 義劃分為三種： 1）言內(nèi)意義（符號(hào)與符號(hào)之間的關(guān)系所 體現(xiàn)的意義）； 2）指稱意義（符號(hào)與所指

2、對(duì)象之間的關(guān) 系所體現(xiàn)的意義）； 3）語用意義（符號(hào)與解釋者之間的關(guān)系 所體現(xiàn)的意義）。P 研究這三方面意義的學(xué)科分別為 ! 句法學(xué)(syntax)H 語義學(xué)(semantics). 語用學(xué)(pragmatics)C 它們是符號(hào)學(xué)的三個(gè)分支。翻譯就是翻譯意義(Translation means translating meaning) 1)指稱意義(designQtive meaning). 2)言內(nèi)意義(linguistic meaning) 3語用意義(pragmatic meaning)。指稱意義 指稱意義是語言符號(hào)和它所描繪或敘述的 主觀世界或客觀世界的實(shí)體和事件之間的 關(guān)系，是詞語、

3、句子和篇章所反映的客觀 世界。例如：father （父親” table cloth （桌布），The sun rises in the east.（太陽從東方升起。）指稱意義幾乎每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為，住豪宅開名車、大把花錢、吃山珍海味是享受。 An almost universal belief is that a grand house, a luxury car, a lot of money at disposal, delicacies and dainties are the ultimate enjoyment.指稱意義而很少有人留意騎車、散步、種花養(yǎng)鳥、親朋相聚、與愛人相濡以沫 生的享受

4、。者H是人 Few people realize the pleasures/happinesses of hiking, walking, planting flowers, raising birds, getting together with friends, caring for loved ones, etc.指稱意義其實(shí)，享受和金錢無關(guān)，然而認(rèn)識(shí)享受, 全看我們有怎樣的情懷。 In reality, enjoyment in life does not necessarily have to do with money. How we can enjoy life depends

5、 entirely on our attitude towards it.言內(nèi)意義融蠶是靛符讒聽蠶威具體體語音層次主要包括各種音韻（如頭韻、元音 迭韻、和聲、押韻）、格律及重讀等方面；詞匯層次有諧音雙關(guān)、一語雙敘等；句法層次有組合關(guān)系、排比、倒裝等； 霍黔句式的變化、段落的安排和銜接、言內(nèi)意義他用押頭韻的方式把這種要求描 繪成“虛幻、虛妄和虛構(gòu)”的混合物。 He described the claim in alliteration fashion as a composite of fantasy, fallacy and fiction.（頭韻）參議員撿起了帽子鼓起了勇氣 The sena

6、tor picked up his hat andcourage as well.（一語雙敘）言內(nèi)意義讀書時(shí)不可存心詰難作者，不可盡 信書上所言，亦不可只為尋章摘句， 而應(yīng)推敲細(xì)思。 Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.（排比）千山鳥飛絕，萬徑人蹤滅。 From hill to hill no bird in flight,From path to path no man

7、 in sight.言內(nèi)意義 春蠶到死絲方盡，蠟燭成灰濟(jì)始干。' The silkworm till its death spins silk from love-sick heart; The candle only when burnt has no_ tears to shed.（雙關(guān)）言內(nèi)意義如果我能夠，我要寫下我的悔恨和悲哀, 為子君，為自己。 I want, if I can5 to record my remorse and grief, for Zijun's sake as well as for my own.（倒裝）言內(nèi)意義 詩中有畫，畫中有詩。Q The

8、re is poetry in the paintings, . and there are paintings in the poetry（回環(huán)格）言內(nèi)意義哼！你別看我耳朵聾，可我的心并不聾 啊！ Humph! My ears are deaf, but my mind is not.（拈連）Z語用意義 表征意義(indexical meaning)(指話語中 揭示發(fā)訊人的身份、性別、年齡、階級(jí)和 . 教育背景以及在交際中的態(tài)度) 表達(dá)意義(expressive meaning)(指語言符號(hào)表達(dá)說話人的感情) 社交意義(social meaning)(指語言符號(hào)在交際過程中建立或保持人際關(guān)系

9、的-種特殊功能)祈使意義（imperative meaning）（指發(fā)訊人企圖改變收訊人的行為或心態(tài)的意向）聯(lián)想意義（associative meaning）（指附加在 指稱意義上的意義，是語言符號(hào)喚起收訊人對(duì) 其他事物的聯(lián)想）。例如woman就有frail （脆弱的）、prone to tears（愛哭的）、emotional （易動(dòng)感情的）、 gentle （溫柔的）、compassionate（有同情心 的）、hardworking（勤勞的）等聯(lián)想意義。語用意義人有時(shí)非常矛盾。本來活的好好的，各 方面的環(huán)境都不錯(cuò)，然而當(dāng)事者卻常常 心存厭倦。 People are forever in

10、dilemma. They live a fairly good life and their circumstances are as good as can be, but from time to time they grow tired of all this.我的感覺是熟悉的地方?jīng)]有風(fēng)景。 My realization is that when one becomes too familiar with something, one stops enjoying it.語用意義作家孫犁曾有一個(gè)出國機(jī)會(huì)，眾人垂涎 欲滴,但他輕易就放棄了,原因竟是： 他不會(huì)打領(lǐng)帶。 Whe n a mu

11、ch en vied opport unity presented itself to famous writer Sun Li, he nonchalantly gave it up and the reason given was that he did not know how to put on a tie.嚴(yán)志和一見了土地，土地上的河流，河 流兩岸的涯田，涯田上青枝綠葉的蘆葦, 心里就漾著喜氣。 At the sight of the land, the river, the marshes along the river and the green reeds in them, Y

12、an Zhihe's heart was overflowing with great joy.采菊東籬下、在這里，確是可以悠然見南山 的；大概把“南”字變個(gè)“西”或“北”， 也沒有多少了不得的吧。 “Plucking chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge, I calmly view the southern hills： To adopt it from the ancient Chinese poet Tao Yuanming to life in Peiping, I might as well substitute the word “

13、westerrT or "northern for the word "southern in the line.語用意義I 您吃了嗎？R Hi!巴您這是上哪兒去？ How are you doing?Z語用意義J 海上花園（廈門）Q Flower Garden by the Sea.：!海上仙山（長(zhǎng)山列島） Fairyland on the Sea d 我為人人，人人為我。r_ One for all, all for one.語用意義過去，從齋堂到北京靠羊腸小道,需要 六七天的時(shí)間。 In the past, it took six or seven days to g

14、o from Zhaitang to Beijing through a winding trail.語用意義爭(zhēng)取運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)與精神文明雙豐收。 For a good harvest both in sports and morals.For better athletic records and sportsma nship.語用意義 她在戲里演包公。Q She played the male role of Judge . Bao (the just and impartial judge in Chinese history) in the opera.Z語用意義J 鄙人當(dāng)盡力而為。Q Yo

15、urs truly will do his best.我給他來個(gè)“徐庶進(jìn)曹營(yíng)一語不發(fā)” O I will hold my tongue.咱騎著毛驢看書走著瞧！O Let's wait and see!Example誰來養(yǎng)活中國的問題，實(shí)際情況究竟怎樣呢？ 看糧食，要看中國的農(nóng)業(yè)；看農(nóng)業(yè)，首先要看 市場(chǎng)。 What about the facts about who is going to provide food for China? To know the food provision situation in China we have to take a full view of her agriculture, for which we should first look at her market.我們中華民族有同自己的敵人血戰(zhàn)到底的 氣概，有在自力更生的基礎(chǔ)上光復(fù)舊物