中考動詞不定式講解與練習(xí)(共4頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上動詞不定式的10大考點(diǎn)例析（初中英語語法）動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點(diǎn)之一，也是每年中考英語試題的考點(diǎn)之一。它是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語。其構(gòu)成形式為to+動詞原形，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：1.具有動詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。下面以近幾年全國部分省市的中考英語試題為例，對不定式的難點(diǎn)以及它在中考英語中的考查點(diǎn)，作一簡要的總結(jié)和分析，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時參考。一、

2、動詞不定式作主語1. It's our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)2. It's hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時間。It will _ the workers over a year _ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4. It's very nice _ you to get me tw

3、o tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B簡析動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to

4、do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質(zhì)。二、動詞不定式作賓語1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Don't forget _ your homework with y

5、ou when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D簡析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其

6、后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語時，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。? 三、動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooke

7、d (甘肅省)Key： 1. B 2. C簡析不定式可以用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、動詞不定式作狀語1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C簡析go，

8、 come， try， do / try one's best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。3. I'm sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. I'm sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)Keys：

9、3. D 4. B 5. A簡析be +形容詞+ to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't _ eno

10、ugh _ people _ _ _. (廣東省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on簡析在上述too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足夠做)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語。? 五、動詞不定式作定語1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. di

11、d D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D簡析不定式作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞。六、不帶to的動詞不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering

12、 D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doin

13、g C. to do D. did (貴州省)Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動詞和make， have， let等使役動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶to.但是在被動語態(tài)中，作主語補(bǔ)足語的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動語態(tài))。2.在had better后面接不帶to的不定式。? 七、動詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didn't jump D. not jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2.

14、 The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C簡析動詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞

15、原形前面加上not.八、某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing形式的區(qū)別1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Let's have a rest, shall we?Not now, I

16、 can't stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking簡析一些常見的動詞后面接不定式和接動詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下：stop to do sth意為停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意為停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意為記住去做某事(事還未做)

17、，remember doing sth意為記得做過某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意為接著做某事(做完一事，接著做另一事)，go on doing sth意為繼續(xù)做某事(一事未做完接著往下做)：forget to do sth意為忘了做某事(事還未做)，forget doing sth意為忘了曾做過某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she

18、 was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省)Key： 5. B 6. A簡析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動詞的-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，用不定式表示動作的全過程(動作已結(jié)束)，用動詞的-ing形式表示動作正在進(jìn)行(動作尚未結(jié)束)。? 九、動詞不定式的省略及其符號to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I wo