非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就是在句子中不作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。常分為不定式（to do）、動(dòng)名詞(doing)、分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞doing、過(guò)去分詞done）三種。二、不定式的形式有：to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done動(dòng)名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞的形式有：doing having done being done having been done過(guò)去分詞的形式有：done三、如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，主要看它與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)或是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則主要看它是正在進(jìn)行或是已完成。四、原則上，不定式表將來(lái)要進(jìn)行或

2、具體的一次動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞表示正在發(fā)生或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題時(shí)，第一看它與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，確定該使用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)；第二看它與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后順序。如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，用完成式；如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般式；如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，用不定式。六、被動(dòng)和表語(yǔ)形容詞后常用不定式；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后帶有介詞時(shí)常用過(guò)去分詞。具體用法講解：（主要是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在同一成分中的用法辨析）做主語(yǔ)：（ doing / to do ）一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以作主語(yǔ)。但動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示客觀性、一般性、經(jīng)常性的行為；而不定式作主

3、語(yǔ)則表示一次性、具體性行為。Looking after children is her job. To clean the classroom is his job today.I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well.做賓語(yǔ):（doing / to do ）(1)有些動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞接上不定式，含有明顯的主觀性和將來(lái)性意義。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，l

4、earn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。He refused to speak on the radio. He desired to see you(2)有些動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞接上動(dòng)名詞，含有明顯的"依據(jù)往事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)作出理解和判斷"的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，av

5、oid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，preventfrom，set about，can't help，be/get used to等短語(yǔ)：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等(3).有些動(dòng)詞后面既可接不定式，又可接動(dòng)名詞，其意義基本相同，區(qū)別不大。如；like，lo

6、ve，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企圖)，afford(提供)，preferomit(省略)，begin，start等.I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.注意：begin和start本身為進(jìn)行時(shí)，或后面動(dòng)詞為心理變化意義的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須接不定式。(4).有些詞后面既可以接不定式亦可接動(dòng)名詞，但其意義有很大區(qū)別，須特別注意：Aremember，forget，regret接動(dòng)名詞，表示完成意義(=having done)，接不定式，表示將來(lái)意義：Please remember to bring me the book

7、I want next time.I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.Bmean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要；mean doing：意味著，Cstop：stop to do停下來(lái)，要干另一件事，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)；stop doing停止干，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Dtry：try to do，努力，試圖干事；try doing：試著干事Ewant，need，require接動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義，表示"需要、該"；接不定式，表示"想，要干"Fgo on：go on

8、 to do繼續(xù)干和原來(lái)不同的另一件事，不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。go on doing繼續(xù)干原來(lái)同一件事，動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。G動(dòng)詞advise，allow，permit，forbid后面接單賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞，接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用動(dòng)詞不定式。如：advise doing / advise sb. to do 做賓補(bǔ)：(doing / to do / done ) 做賓補(bǔ)的不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)（就是賓語(yǔ)）是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，不定式表示一次性、具體性行為，以及將來(lái)意義的行為；現(xiàn)在分詞表示當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的進(jìn)行意義的行為，亦可表示持續(xù)時(shí)間的延續(xù)性的行為動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示完成意義的行為或狀態(tài)，及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)

9、去分詞有被動(dòng)意義，不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞仍是主動(dòng)意義。When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.做表語(yǔ)：（doing / to do / done ）不定式和動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)解釋主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容，且可以和主語(yǔ)顛倒，意思仍然通順，回答what的問(wèn)題。它們有時(shí)存在經(jīng)常性和一次性行為的區(qū)別，過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)，不能和主語(yǔ)顛倒，可以回答how的問(wèn)題。Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Clea

10、ning offices is her job.)做定語(yǔ)：（doing / to do / done）不定式做定語(yǔ)與先行詞有動(dòng)賓、主謂和解釋先行詞內(nèi)容等關(guān)系,在時(shí)態(tài)上常是將來(lái)意義?，F(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)意義；過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)則是完成時(shí)態(tài)意義。此外，不定式做定語(yǔ)時(shí)只能后置，不可前置，而單個(gè)分詞做定語(yǔ)可前置，分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)則須后置。動(dòng)名詞做定語(yǔ)，須前置，且要重讀，它表明先行詞的用途。而分詞做定語(yǔ)表明先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。a swimming boy=a boy who is swimminga swimming pool=a pool for swimming The house to

11、 be built (=which will be built/which is to be built) next year will be our new library. The house being built (=which is being built) now will be our new library. The house built (=which was built) last year is our new library now.做狀語(yǔ)：（doing / to do / done）不定式和分詞做狀語(yǔ)各有不同分工。動(dòng)詞不定式多做目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語(yǔ)，且多放在句末；分

12、詞可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式狀語(yǔ)，多置于句首，做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，多放在后面。單獨(dú)的動(dòng)名詞不能做狀語(yǔ)，在介詞后形成介詞短語(yǔ)，從而做狀語(yǔ)。(1)目的狀語(yǔ)：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客觀性和將來(lái)性特征。不定式前還可加上in order，so as來(lái)加強(qiáng)說(shuō)話的口氣。但so as to通常不用于句首。The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.(2)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般位于句首，表示的動(dòng)作和

13、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞前可以加上時(shí)間連詞。如果分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成體形式。過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成同時(shí)性和被動(dòng)意義。分詞前有時(shí)加上時(shí)間連詞。Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.W

14、hen asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.(3)原因狀語(yǔ)：不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)往往用于形容詞之后,這些形容詞通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句。一般位于句首。Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.Having (=Since they had) be

15、en asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.(4)條件狀語(yǔ)：通常用分詞來(lái)表示，相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。一般位于句首。Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.(5)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)通常用于so+形容詞或副詞+as to，such+名詞+as to，

16、tooto，enough to和only to等結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)果。He arrived late to find the train gone.I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.(6)讓步狀語(yǔ)：通常有過(guò)去分詞來(lái)表示，而且前面通常有表示讓步意義的though。Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.Though warned of the danger, he

17、still went skating on the thin ice.(7)伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ)：分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)通常位于句尾，表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞正在所處主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的狀態(tài)。They walked along the streets, talking and laughing. He went into the house, followed by some children.下面是歷年高考題：做做看！1. I've heard him_ about you often.A. spoke B. speaks C. speak2. I'm hungry. Get me something_.A.

18、 eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating3. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't know_A. where to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose what D. to choose which4, The teacher told them_ make so much noise.A. don't B. not C. will not D. not to5. I saw him_ out of the roo

19、m.A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes6. I'm going to have my radioA. fixed B. to fix C. fix D. fixing7. The workers want us_ together with them.A. work B. working C. to work D. worked8. The officers narrowly escaped_ in the hot battle.A. have killed B. to kill C. to be killed D. being killed9.

20、 _ the letter, he went out to post it,A. Writing B. Being written C. Having written D. Written10. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air_ against your face.A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move11. Don't you remember_?A. seeing the man before B. to see the man beforeC.

21、 saw the man before D. to have seen the man before12. People couldn't help_ the foolish emperor in the procession.A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing on 13. What's the language in Germany?A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak14. We're looking forward_ the photo

22、 exhibition.A. to visiting B. to visit C. to having visited D. visiting15. Our headmaster often told us _ things for granted.A. not to have B. not to take C. didn't take D. not to make16. The girl_ under that tree is my sister.A. sitting B. sits C. is sitting D. sat17. _ some officials, Napoleon

23、 inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed byC. Being followed D. Having been followed by18. Do you remember_ me at a party last year?A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met19. This sentence needs_A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved20. "What are you going to do this morning?&quo

24、t;"I'm thinking of_ to visit my aunt."A. go B. going C. having gone D. my going21. _ anything about the accident ,he went to work as usual.A. Not known B. Known not C. Knowing not D. Not knowing22. "Have you decided when_?""Yes, tomorrow morning."A. to leave B. to b

25、e leaving C. will you leave D. are you leaving23. I really enjoy_ that kind of job.A. do B. doing C. to do D. to be doing24. "There's a hole in your bag.""l know. I am going to have it_."A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended25. The next morning she found the man in bed

26、, _ dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying26. Tell him_ the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut27. Only one of these books isA. worth to read B. worth being readC. wroth of reading D. worth reading28. He had his leg_ in the match yesterday.A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking29. I can't imagine_ that with them.A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing30. Most of the people_ to the party were famous scientists.A. invited B. to invite C. be