人教版九年級(jí)unit 2 講義

1、Unit 2 I think that mooncakes are delicious.Section A1. What a great day!此句是what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。What“多么，真，太”，用作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。此處的句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：what + a/an + adj. + 可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式（+ 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)）！。口語(yǔ)中可以省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。What a new watch (it is).2. Bill wonders whether theyll have zongzi again next year.Wonder作動(dòng)詞?！跋胫溃肱靼住?，相當(dāng)于want to know.I won

2、der what the new teacher will be like.I wonder whether . “我想知道是否.”= I wonder if., 是一個(gè)請(qǐng)求允許的交際用語(yǔ)，詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是否允許自己做某事。I wonder whether/if I could use your bike.辨析：whether和if的區(qū)別：Whether“是否., 是.（還是）”, 表示遲疑或兩個(gè)可能性之間的選擇或兩種情況都真實(shí)，其后可以與or(not) 連用?？梢龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，讓步狀語(yǔ)從句等，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可置于句首。If “是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。一般不與or(not) 連用。也

3、可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，“如果”。He doesnt know whether to stay or not.Im not sure whether/if the train will arrive on time.3. Wu Ming and Harry are cousins /strangers/friends.Stranger作名詞，“陌生人”，是由形容詞strange加上-r構(gòu)成名詞。A stranger walked up to me and shock my hand. 有個(gè)陌生人想我走來(lái)跟我握手。4. Ive put on five pounds.Put on “增加（體重），發(fā)胖”I

4、 can eat what I want but I never put on weight.拓展：put on 的其他用法穿上，戴上She put on her coat and went out.上演，舉辦The band is hoping to put on a UK show before the end of the year.5. I wonder if its similar to the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.Similar是形容詞，“相似的，相像的”，沒(méi)有比較級(jí)，常用短語(yǔ)：be similar

5、 to.“與.相似”She is similar to her mother.辨析：similar和same的區(qū)別Similar 表示“相似的，相像的”，但并不完全一樣。Same 表示“相同的，同樣的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)完全相同或一致，其前通常加定冠詞the.They are similar, but theyre not the same.6. Chinese people have been celebrating the Middle Autumn Festival and enjoying mooncakes for centuries.1) 該句用的是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)

6、間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能仍在繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)都可以表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的效果，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的，而后者所表示的結(jié)果是最后的結(jié)果。這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別如下：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作在迄今為止的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)曾經(jīng)延續(xù)進(jìn)行或目前仍在繼續(xù)。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。We have been cleaning the classroom. （其直接結(jié)果可能是我們現(xiàn)在還在打掃教室）We have cleaned the classroom. （其結(jié)果是

7、現(xiàn)在教室不用打掃了）2) For centuries “數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)”，相當(dāng)于since centuries ago. For 與一段時(shí)間連用，表示作某事“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成（進(jìn)行）時(shí)，表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Ive known him for more than twenty years.Ive been living China for two years.辨析：for與since的區(qū)別For 介詞，后接時(shí)間段，除用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)之外，也可用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)中。Since 介詞，“自從., 自.以來(lái)”，后接具體的某一過(guò)去的時(shí)間，不能與

8、表示一段時(shí)間的詞連用，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)中。We have been studying here for six months.We have been studying here since six months ago.7. They carry peoples wishes to the families they love and miss.1) Wish 此處用作名詞，“祝福，愿望”Send you my best wishes.My wish is to become a doctor.拓展：wish還可以用作動(dòng)詞，“希望，想要”，后接名詞，代詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)。Do

9、you wish a pen or a book?I wish you success.We wish to see the film.辨析：wish和hope的區(qū)別Wish的用法：Wish to do sth. 希望做某事Wish + that 從句 希望.（不容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）Wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事Wish sb. + n. 希望某人Hope的用法：Hope to do sth. 希望做某事Hope + that 從句， 希望（容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）We wish you a happy new year.Do you hope to leave now?2) Mi

10、ss 此處作為動(dòng)詞“思念，想念”Im sure that everybody will miss him.拓展：miss 作動(dòng)詞，還有“錯(cuò)過(guò)”的意思，后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。Dont miss our bargain offer. 本店大降價(jià)，勿失良機(jī)！I missed taking part in the sports meeting.8. However, most people think that the story of Change is the most touching.1) However 此處作副詞，“不過(guò)，然而”，有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，相當(dāng)于but, 可位于句首，

11、句中或句末。位于句首時(shí)，其后用逗號(hào)隔開，位于句中時(shí)，其前用逗號(hào)或分號(hào)，其后用逗號(hào)隔開，位于句末時(shí)，其前用逗號(hào)隔開。但but只能置于句首或句中。Shes very intelligent. However, shes quite lazy.辨析：however和but的區(qū)別However 副詞，“不過(guò)，然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)，與后面的句子用逗號(hào)隔開，不能與but連用。But 連詞，“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)，與后面的內(nèi)容相連，不用逗號(hào)隔開。My room is small. However, its comfortable.She is young but very clever.2) Touching 此

12、處用作形容詞，“動(dòng)人的，感動(dòng)的，令人同情的”This is the most touching story I have ever heard.9. Whoever drank this could live forever, and Hou Yi planned to drink it with Change.1) Whoever作代詞，“無(wú)論誰(shuí)，不管什么人”，相當(dāng)于no matter who, 可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句或名詞性從句。此處的whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，作主語(yǔ)。Whoever did it, I didnt. 不管是誰(shuí)干的，反正不是我干的。Whoever comes will be

13、 welcome.2) Plan 此處用作動(dòng)詞，“計(jì)劃，規(guī)劃”，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為planned, 現(xiàn)在分詞為planning, 常用短語(yǔ)：plan to do sth. “計(jì)劃做某事”I plan to go shopping after work.10. .tried to steal the medicine when Hou Yi was not home.1）Try to do sth. “盡力做某事”He shut his eyes and tried to sleep.辨析：try to do sth. 與try doing sth. 的區(qū)別Try to do sth. “努

14、力作某事，盡力做某事”，表示想盡一切辦法做某事，目的性很強(qiáng)。Try doing sth. “嘗試著做某事”，表示試著做某事，目的性不強(qiáng)。He tried to find out the answer to the question.You always go there by train. Why not try taking a bus.2）Steal此處作動(dòng)詞，“偷，竊取”，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞分別為：stole和stolen。She used to steal money from his father drawer.Its wrong to steal.11. Hou Yi was so

15、 sad that he called out her name to the moon every night.1）So.that “如此.以至于.”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，so 后面接形容詞或副詞，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：So + 形容詞/副詞 + that 從句So + 形容詞/副詞 +a/an+ 可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù) + that 從句So + many/few + 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) + that從句So + much/little + 不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句It was so hot that we all went for a swim.He had so many books to read t

16、hat he had no time to watch TV.2） call out ones name “大聲呼喊某人的名字”I called out her name but she turned a deaf ear to my calling. 12. He quickly laid out her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden.Lay此處作動(dòng)詞，“放置，安放，產(chǎn)卵，下蛋”。常見短語(yǔ)：lay out “擺開，布置”辨析：Lay - laid-laid-laying 常做及物動(dòng)詞，“放置，安放，產(chǎn)卵，下蛋”Lie-lay- lain

17、- lying 常做不及物動(dòng)詞，“躺，位于，平放”Lie-lied-lied-lying 常用作不及物動(dòng)詞，“說(shuō)謊”，還可以用作名詞，“謊言”，tell a lie 說(shuō)謊The hen doesnt lay eggs now.Please lie down for a rest.Dont lie to others.The boy never tells a lie.13. After this, people started the tradition of admiring the moon and sharing mooncakes with their families.1) Trad

18、ition 此處用作名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”，其形容詞形式為traditional 傳統(tǒng)的，常用短語(yǔ)為：the tradition of., “.的傳統(tǒng)”It is simply a village tradition.2) Admire此處用作動(dòng)詞，“欣賞，仰慕”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：admire sb. Sth. “欣賞某人/某物”，admire sb. for sth. “為某人而欣賞某人，因某事而佩服某人”。We admired him very much.I admire her for her bravery.14. Actually, we dont have to spend a lot of

19、money.Have to “必須，不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)由于客觀因素不得不做某事，有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其后接動(dòng)詞原形。辨析：have to 與must的區(qū)別：Have to “必須，不得不”，表示客觀需要，有人稱，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 Dont have to “不必”Must “必須，一定”，表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法， must只有一種形式， mustnt 表示“禁止”You dont have to tell him about it. 你不必把這件事告訴他。You mustnt tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。Spend此處用作動(dòng)詞，“用，花費(fèi)”，常用句型為：spen

20、d some time/money （in） doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事。spend some time (in )doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事spend some money (on) doing sth. 花費(fèi)金錢做某事Spend some time/money on sth. 在某物上花費(fèi)多少金錢或時(shí)間。I spent two hours (in) reading the novel.I spent 100 yuan (on) buying the sweater.辨析：spend 其主語(yǔ)通常是人，常用于sb. spend some time/money (in)

21、 doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢做某事Spend some time/money on sth. 某人在某事/某物上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢Pay 主語(yǔ)是人，常用于sb. pay(s) some money for sth. “某人為某物花費(fèi)多少錢？”Cost 其主語(yǔ)是物，常用于sth. cost(s) sb. some money 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢？Take 常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，常用于it takes/took sb. some time to do sth.I spent one hundred yuan in buying the present.=I spent one hundred

22、yuan on the present.=I paid one hundred yuan for the present.=The present cost me one hundred yuan.It took me 30 minutes to get to the school.Section B1. Dress upDress up常與as, in 連用構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)dress up as.“裝扮成., 喬裝打扮成.”，dress up in. “穿上.”，后面接表示衣服或顏色的名詞。He likes to dress up like a soldier.On Christmas Day we

23、 always dress up in red.辨析：表示“穿著”時(shí)，dress, wear, put on, have on和be in.Dress “給某人穿衣服”，其賓語(yǔ)是人或反身代詞，而不是表示衣服的名詞。Wear “穿著，戴著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Put on “穿上，戴上”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作Have on “穿著，戴著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Be in “穿著， 戴著”，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，通常接表示顏色的名詞。例如：She dressed her son and then sent him to school.She wears red shoes.He put on his best clothe

24、s for the party.She had a beautiful new suit on.Who is the girl in red over there?2. Many people make their _ look scary.1) Make 此處用作使役動(dòng)詞，“使.， 叫., 讓.”。常見的使役動(dòng)詞還有：have, let等，其結(jié)構(gòu)有：Make + 人（賓語(yǔ)）+ 動(dòng)詞原形（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)），即make sb. do sth.“讓某人做某事”Dont make her work at night.Make + 賓語(yǔ)+ 形容詞（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)），“使某人/某物.”He often make

25、s me bored.Please make the door open.拓展：后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：一感 feel ，二聽 hear, listen to，三讓 have, let, make，四看 see, watch, look at, notice，半幫助 help后面即可加to, 也可不加to.2) Look scary “看起來(lái)嚇人”，此處Look用作系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。The flower looks beautiful.3. Parents take their children around the neighborhood to ask fo

26、r _ and treats.Ask for “要，尋求，請(qǐng)求”，ask for sth. “要某物”，而ask sb. for sth. “向某人要某物”You can ask for help from the adults.He asked his mother for some money.Treat 此處用作名詞，“款待，招待”This is my treat.拓展：treat 用作動(dòng)詞的用法：“招待，請(qǐng)客”，常構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：treat sb. to sth. “請(qǐng)某人吃某物”She treated us to some delicious fruit.“看待，當(dāng)作”，常與as連用構(gòu)成

27、短語(yǔ)treat .as . “把.看作.”Dont treat me as a child.“治療”Which doctors are treating her for her illness?4. “Trick or treat” means kids will play a trick on you if you dont _ them a treat.1) Play a trick on “捉弄”There children love playing tricks on their teacher.2) If “如果”，此處用于引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將

28、來(lái)。Ill go home if it doesnt rain tomorrow.拓展：if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，“是否”，相當(dāng)于whether,如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句則須根據(jù)實(shí)際情況確定時(shí)態(tài)。I want to know if it will rain tomorrow.5. But behind all these things lie the trace meaning of Christmas: the importance of sharing and giving love and joy to people around us.Lie 此處用作動(dòng)詞“存在，在于”，主要指思想，特征，

29、問(wèn)題等其過(guò)去式為lay, 過(guò)去分詞為lain, 現(xiàn)在分詞為lyingThe problem lies in their method.Share 作動(dòng)詞，“分享，合用，分擔(dān)”，常與介詞with, among, between和in連用。I shall my lunch with him.We share a small room between us.Theyll share( in )the joys and sorrows悲痛.6. A Christmas carol is a famous short novel written by Charles Dickens.1) Famous

30、此處用作形容詞，“著名的，出名的”，既可作表語(yǔ)，也可以做定語(yǔ)，同義詞有：well-known, 反義詞有：unknown.Thomas Edison is a famous scientist.拓展：be famous for. “因.而著名/出名”China is famous for the Great Wall.Be famous as. “作為.而出名”Liu Huan is famous as a singer.2) Written是write的過(guò)去分詞，此處written是過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞novel.I like the novels written by Mo Yan

31、.7. He is mean and only think about himself.Mean此處用作形容詞，“吝嗇的，刻薄的”Dont be so mean to your little brother.拓展：mean還可以用作動(dòng)詞?！耙馕吨?, 作.解釋，.的意思”， 其名詞形式為：meaning “意思，含義”為可數(shù)名詞?！澳康?，重要性”為不可數(shù)名詞。常構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)為：the meaning of. “.的意思”，其動(dòng)詞的常用短語(yǔ)有：mean to do sth. “打算或企圖做某事”, 其主語(yǔ)通常是表示人的名詞或代詞。例如：We mean to call on you tomorrow

32、. 我們打算明天看望你。Mean doing sth. “意味著(必須要做某事或?qū)е履撤N結(jié)果)”，其主語(yǔ)通常是指事物的詞。例如：Being a student means studying hard. 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，(意味著)你要努力學(xué)習(xí)。What does this word mean?= What does the meaning of this word?8. He just cares about whether he can make more money and he hates Christmas.Care about “擔(dān)心，關(guān)心，在意，對(duì).感興趣”Dont you care

33、about losing your job.I really care about the students in my class.I dont care about your opinion.辨析：care for與care about 的區(qū)別Care for “照料，照顧”，與take care of同義“喜歡”，多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句，其同義短語(yǔ)為be fond ofCare about “關(guān)心，在意，在乎”，強(qiáng)調(diào)出于責(zé)任感而關(guān)心在乎。My parents care about my healthy.Would you care for a cup of tea?Hate 此處作動(dòng)詞，“

34、憎恨，討厭，厭惡”，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，其反義詞為love. 常用短語(yǔ)為：Hate sb./sth 討厭某人/某事I hate dogs.Hate to do sth./hate doing sth. “厭惡做某事”I like swimming but I hate to swim today.I enjoy cooking but hate doing the dishes.9. One Christmas Eve, Scrooge sees the ghost of Jacob Marley, his dead business partner.1) Eve 此處用作名詞，“前夕，前夜”，尤指

35、宗教節(jié)假日之前的一天或晚上。We will have a New Year Eve party.2) Dead 此處作形容詞，“死的，無(wú)生命的”My fathers dead. He died in 2001.拓展：die 為動(dòng)詞，“死，死亡”，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。My grandfather died fifteen years ago.= My grandfather has been dead for fifteen years.Dying 此處為形容詞，“奄奄一息的，垂死的”，一般作定語(yǔ)The little girl cried when she saw her dyi

36、ng cat.Death此處作為名詞，“死亡”His mothers death was great below to him.3) Business 此處用作名詞，“生意，商業(yè)”，不可數(shù)名詞。Its been a pleasure to do business with you.10. Marley used to be just like Scrooge, so he was punished after he died.1) Used to “過(guò)去常常”，后面加動(dòng)詞原形，表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)He used to play basketball at school.I used to be

37、 short.2) Was punished “被懲罰”，此結(jié)構(gòu)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為“was/were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”The house was built in 1969.These trees were planted last year.11. He warns Scrooge to change his ways if he doesnt want to end up like him.1)Warn 此處用作動(dòng)詞，“警告，告誡”，常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：Warn sb.(not) to do sth. “告誡某人（不要）做某事”He warned he

38、r to keep silent. Warn sb. about sth. “提醒某人注意某事”She warned us about the serious situation.Warn sb. of / against (doing) sth. “告誡某人當(dāng)心/提防（做）某事”They warned me against swimming in that part of the river.End up “最終成為，最后處于， 結(jié)束”，其后可以跟with, in, doing等End up with “以.結(jié)束”，其后可以跟任何名詞If you do that, youll end up

39、with eggs on your face. 你要是那樣做，必將出洋相。End up in 后面一般要接一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞If you continue to steal, youll end up in prison. 你要是繼續(xù)行竊，早晚得進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。End up doing “以作.結(jié)束”，此處動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。The party end up singing an English song.12. He also tells Scrooge to expect three spirits to visit him.Expect用作動(dòng)詞，“期待，預(yù)料”，后接名詞，代詞，不定式或從句。常用結(jié)

40、構(gòu)expect to do sth. “期待做某事”，expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事。I expect a letter from my family.She expects to come back next week.I expect that I will get good grades this term.13. First, the Ghost of Christmas Past takes him back to his childhood and reminds Scrooge of his happier days as a child.Take sb. back to . “帶某人回到.”I will take you bac