如何提高做閱讀題的正確率(2)

1、如何提高做閱讀題的正確率(2)重慶市渝中職教中心ccr 83022, 2004.8.16.六類題型及相應(yīng)的解題技巧：一六類題型1 理解主旨大意：The Title Question2 事實、細節(jié)辨認題：The Fact Question3 領(lǐng)會作者態(tài)度理解人物性格題4 詞義猜測題：對某些詞意，句意的理解5 辨認圖形與數(shù)據(jù)推算題：Reading Tables, maps and graphs6 邏輯推理與判斷題：The Judgment Question二幾類閱讀理解及相應(yīng)的解題技巧分類:1The Title Question （確定主旨題）例：One of the main traits in

2、 workers is dependability. The less supervision the employee needs the more he is worth to the firm. A man should be willing to do a full days work even though he is not being watched. Supervisions will supply the necessary leadership and direction. The dependable employee will do his job well witho

3、ut complaining or trying to find unfair shortcuts.The most proper title for this paragraph is _.A. Success on the job B. Supervisions on the jobC. A job well-done D. The dependable worker分析：這段全文圍繞著The deoendable worker展開討論的。幾乎每句話都在解釋，the advantages of being dependable, 故D為唯一的正確選項。練習(xí)：Although the aut

4、hor of “Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp” set his tale in China, some present day students trace the tale to Egypt rather than to the land of the Orient. The sorcerer(巫師) who plans to rob the tomb is Moorish rather than Chinese. The tomb or cave could very well have been one of the subterranean (地下的)

5、treasure houses and elaborate tombs of the Saite period. The public bath mentioned in the story was characteristic of the Moslem world rather than of the Oriental.Whats the most suitable title for this paragraph?A. Background of Aladdin B. Sorcerer of AladdinC. Tale of China D. Lamplight分析：這一段全文圍著“A

6、laddin and the Wonderful Lamp”的時代和所寫故事的地點展開敘述的。故A為唯一最佳選項。2The Fact Question （辨明事實細節(jié)題） 例：Bats are found throughout the world from the Arctic Circle almost into Antarctica. They are mammals with relatively large brains. They branched（分岔）off the main stem of the mammalian family tree millions of years

7、ago. They are the second largest order of mammals. Millions have been found sleeping in one cave. Almost all bats rest and sleep in the same position. They hang upside down, suspended by either one or both hindfeet. Despite the reputation of the vampire bats that live exclusively（專門地）on the blood of

8、 other animals, most bats feed on insects which they catch and eat while they are flying.1)Most bats _.A. are vampires B. live on insects C. live on flies D. eat little2)Bats are found_.A. only in Africa B. almost everywhere C. in the Arctic Circle D. in cold climate only分析 ：1)B 2) B 根據(jù)本文第一句話Bats ar

9、e found throughout the world from the Arctic Circle almost into Antarctica. Bats 從北極圈到南極洲說明bats無處不存在，故選B。almost everywhere.這類題較容易。只要認真仔細閱讀原文，不難找出文中用于支持中心思想的事實和細節(jié)。一般來說文中可找到這類題的答案。 練習(xí)：The early English swimmers soon developed two strokes. The preferred stroke was the breast stroke which was changed wi

10、th the side stroke. These two for long remained the English style. They were used in all of the races among the competitors from the six swimming pools that developed in London in the early nineteenth century. This English style of swimming was far different from that of the American Indians who thr

11、ashed the water violently with their arms and beat rapidly downward with their feet.1) Most English swimmers used_. A. the Indian stroke B. free-style C. the breast-stroke D. The side stroke2) The style of swimming of the American Indians_ .A. resembled that of the EnglishB. resembled that of London

12、 in the early nineteenth centuryC. was smooth and silentD. was noisy and splashing分析：1)C 2)D 根據(jù)文中句子描述的情況看：the American Indians who thrashed the water violently with their arms and beat rapidly downward with their feet.2)答案只能是D。3Fact and Opinion（事實細節(jié)與意見題） 例：If I were to ask you what you thought was “

13、 the most outstanding phenomenon of our century,” the more thoughtful among you would respond, I suspect, with such answers as “ the discovery of nuclear energy,” “ the spread of communism throughout vast portions of the globe.” “ mans ascent to the moon” -But no. In the considered opinion of econom

14、ics professor Eli Ginzberg, expert on the labor market and Chairman of the National Commission for manpower Policy: “ The single outstanding phenomenon of our century is a flood of women into jobs.”“Its long-term implications are absolutely uncharitable,” he told Caroline Bird,author of the recent b

15、est-selling ENTERPRISING WOMEN, in an analysis to be published in the December issue of cumulative consequences will only be revealed in the twenty-first and twenty-second centuries.”1) Professor Ginzberg believes that the most important event in this century was_.A. the rocket trip to the moonB. th

16、e large number of women entering the job marketC. the discovery of atomic powerD. the uncharitable consequences of working mothers2) Professor Ginzberg is _.A. an expert in womens affairsB. a nuclear scientistC. an economics teacherD. the author of ENTERPRISNG WOMEN分析：1)第一自然段陳述了核能的發(fā)現(xiàn)，共產(chǎn)主義的傳播，人類登上月球，

17、第二自然段一開頭就對以上所述作了否定“But no”。本段結(jié)尾講到本世紀最主要的事件 “a flood of women into jobs”故B為唯一正確選項。2）第二自然段就讀到了economics professor Eli Ginzberg.故C。一般來說細節(jié)和意見的答案均可從文中找到或找到具體的依據(jù)和意見。練習(xí)：Margaret Mead, the anthropologist who won fame describing primitive people to more culturally evolved people, sought to explain the young

18、and the old to each other in recent lecture at New York Citys American Museum of Natural History. She was sympathetic to the young, even to those who are making life difficult for the old.“The young people who are rebelling all around the world, rebelling against whatever forms the government and ed

19、ucational systems take, are like the first generation born in a new country.” Miss Mead said. “ They are at home here. Their eyes have always been satellites in the sky. They have never known a world in which war did not mean annihilation. The young believe that contraception is possible and necessa

20、ry, and that our capacity to feed the world will not last.”1) The subject of Margaret Meads remarks is: _.A. Rebelling of the old B. Margaret Mead C. The Generation Gap D. Youth2) Margaret Meads statements are _.A. sympathetic to young people but unsympathetic to old peopleB. sympathetic to young pe

21、ople and sympathetic to older people, tooC. sympathetic to young peopleD. none of the aboveKey: 1)D 2)C4Authors Purpose （ 領(lǐng)會作者意圖題） 例：The wind whistled woefully as it wound its way through the nearly leafless trees. The pale yellow moon cast eerie shadows as it slipped in and out from behind the clou

22、ds like a blinking flashlight. Strange figures could be seen dashing and darting through the streets. Ghosts, goblinswhat could they be? What do they want? Whom have they come to haunt? Beware-What is the authors main purpose in this passage?A. To tell a frightening story to young children.B. To des

23、cribe Halloween night.C. To inform someone of imminent danger.D. To create a mood through description.E. Both (B) and (D)分析：作者通過woefully, pale yellow moon, eerie shadows, a blinking flashlight figures could be seen, ghosts低沉，低調(diào)的詞語來描述一個令人感到恐怖的夜晚，表達了一種低落的情緒，預(yù)示著一種不幸事件可能發(fā)生，E為正確的選項。練習(xí)：Teaching is at best

24、 a tough job. After a few years, sometimes after only one or two, some young teachers are unable to define their own emotional rewards in their jobs. Others have grown so discouraged or become so frightened that they cease individual effort or innovative thinking. They try to be ass efficient and co

25、mpetent as possible while following the lines of least resistance and least anxiety. Membership in the Teachers Union will strengthen and support young teachers to maintain mental health, enthusiasm, and zest in a system which seeks to mold people to fit that system. 1)Whats the authors main purpose

26、 in writing this passage?A. To encourage teachers to join the teachers union.B. To encourage young people to become teachers.C. To encourage young people from entering the teaching profession.D. To criticize older teachers. 2) To what emotion does the author mainly appeal? A. outrage B. anger C. sym

27、pathy D. loveKey: 1) A 2)C5. Inference （判斷和理解深層含義題）例：In the heart of the desert, rain may not occur at all in a whole year. In summer, heat is scorching, July means temperaturesthe figure midway between the highest and the lowest readings each daysometimes exceed 95 degrees. Shade temperatures of 12

28、0 degrees are by no means unusual; and in winter bitterly cold days are not rare.For mammals these conditions mean troubles. Vegetation is extremely sparse, creating afood problem and making concealment from predators difficult. (Conversely, of course, predatory animals have greater difficulty in a

29、approaching and capturing their prey undetected.) This lackof cover is a reason why nearly all desert mammals are nocturnal, leaving the security of their burrows or lair only under the protection of darkness.The desert predators have difficulty in getting to their prey because of the _.A. difficult

30、y of concealment B. darkness of the nightC. scorching heat D. dense vegetation分析：通過沙漠環(huán)境的描寫，特別是對沙漠夜幕的描寫，食肉動物接近其獵物（被吃的動物prey）主要困難是天太黑，看不見正式文中所寫的under the protection of darkness.故理所當然應(yīng)該選B。6Words in Context (根據(jù)上下文判斷詞義題)例：Mediation is a means of maintaining peace between employers and employees. The agre

31、ement or settlement reached is made only by and between the members of each of these groups. The community or law enforcement agencies are not arty to settlement other than as interested parties.Mediation results when _.A. a strike is declared B. a strike is won C. both sides talk over their problem

32、s D. a strike is settled分析：根據(jù)maintaining peace between employers and employees 和only by and between the members of each of these groups.可判斷mediation為“調(diào)解”勞資雙方both sides talk over their problems. 練習(xí)：The Olympic Oath is repeated by all the contestants during the beginning exercises. “We swear that we w

33、ill take part in the Olympic games in loyal competition, respecting the regulations which govern them and desirous of participating in them in the true spirit of sportsmanship for the honor of our country and for the glory of sport.” This oath is taken when _.A. the contests beninB. the contests are

34、 overC. the players prove their sportsmanshipD. there is glory in the sport分析：根據(jù) “oath” takes place at he beginning of the contests和We swear的內(nèi)容：take part in - in loyal competition, respecting the regulations-.可判斷oath為誓言。7.The Judgement Question ( 判斷題)例：Fear filled the eyes of the silent farmhand as

35、he took a second glance skyward. He had not been mistaken. There it was growing larger and larger in all of its black ugliness. Like a giant funnel（漏斗）made of billowing cloth that could not hold its shape, it loomed（隱約出現(xiàn)）larger and larger. The man no longer could control his panic as he rushed toward the house. If he could