2016屆高三英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題《專(zhuān)題3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞》文檔

1、專(zhuān)題三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查要點(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)與“beto do sth.”的異同。不定式作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)。My job is to teach English.(說(shuō)明內(nèi)容)beto do sth.(表示按計(jì)劃要做的事)He is to go abroad.(2)后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)。下列詞語(yǔ)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，

2、determine，desire等。下列詞語(yǔ)后可接“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的賓補(bǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形，變被動(dòng)時(shí)要加to，此時(shí)的不定式就是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的幾種情況：主語(yǔ)ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb.to do sth.主語(yǔ)

3、think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb.to be/to have done主語(yǔ)call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb.to do sth.(4)不定式作定語(yǔ)的特殊用法。下列詞語(yǔ)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定語(yǔ)和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。There is no one to look

4、after her.不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作狀語(yǔ)的用法。不定式作狀語(yǔ)，在句中主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order (not) to，so as (not) to用來(lái)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)；enough.to，so.as to do，such名詞.as to do作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。The girl was so kind as to help the

5、old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成時(shí)的特殊用法。表示不定式中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等動(dòng)詞常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satis

6、fied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時(shí)，但要注意與一般時(shí)的區(qū)別。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)稍等。(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)還未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)已等了很久)不定式的完成時(shí)還可表示“過(guò)去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to完成時(shí)。(B)was/were to不定式的完成時(shí)，表示該做某事或想做但未實(shí)現(xiàn)。(C)expected/hoped/mean

7、t/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished不定式的完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。(7)不定式的省略。同一結(jié)構(gòu)并列由and或or連接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示對(duì)比)不定式作表語(yǔ)，其前面的主語(yǔ)從句中含有do時(shí)，后面的to省略。What he did was lose t

8、he game.句中含有動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。Why not，had better，would rather，cant but等詞后省to。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或聯(lián)系緊密的對(duì)話(huà)中，為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語(yǔ)、主補(bǔ)或賓補(bǔ)的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助

9、動(dòng)詞have或be的任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形have或be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.常見(jiàn)的有：Id like/love/be happy to。題組訓(xùn)練1用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Its important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.2Today we have chat rooms，text messag

10、ing，emailing.but we seem to be losing(lose) the art of communicating face to face.3If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.4The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more com

11、fortable to hold(hold)5Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.6Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.7More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise) peoples concern over fo

12、od safety.8The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2動(dòng)名詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接動(dòng)名詞：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，fe

13、el like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介詞后接動(dòng)名詞。注意on/upon doing sth.as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時(shí)on/upon后也可以接名詞。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.(4)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定

14、式作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2It was beginning to snow.3I love lying (to lie)on my back.4I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.5I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思無(wú)差別，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面只跟不定式。2表示一種傾向多接動(dòng)名詞

15、作賓語(yǔ)，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動(dòng)，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try例句解析1.I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.3I regret not having worked hard.I regret to hear of your sisters death.4Try knocking

16、 at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5That will mean flooding some land.I had meant to go on Monday.1.remember to do sth.記住要做的事remember doing sth.記得過(guò)去發(fā)生的事2forget to do sth.忘記要做的事forget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)的事3regret to do sth.對(duì)將要做的事抱歉regret doing sth.對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事后悔4try to do sth.設(shè)法，試圖做某事try doin

17、g sth.試試看，試一試5mean to do sth.打算做，想要做mean doing sth.意味著want，require，need例句解析1.These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.2The patient required examining.The patient required to be examined.表達(dá)意思一樣，但用不定式時(shí)要用被動(dòng)形式，用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式(表被動(dòng)意義)。題組訓(xùn)練2語(yǔ)法填空1Its no use complaining(complain) without taking

18、action.2Lydia doesnt feel like studying(study) abroad. Her parents are old.3Being exposed(expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin.4She is afraid of being taken(take) to the public.5Marys coming(come) late made her mother angry.3現(xiàn)在分詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題(1)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(分詞前面可加when，while等)

19、Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.原因狀語(yǔ)Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.伴隨狀語(yǔ)The girls came in，following their parents.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特性：時(shí)間性。與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般式，

20、如發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式having done。語(yǔ)態(tài)性。與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，被動(dòng)完成”。人稱(chēng)一致性。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)bev.­ed表示被動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)是人；主語(yǔ)bev.­ing表示主動(dòng)，主語(yǔ)是物。4過(guò)去分詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列分句，用來(lái)說(shuō)明原因、時(shí)間、條件、伴隨等。(1)作原因狀語(yǔ)Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fel

21、l asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.(3)作條件狀語(yǔ)Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.If I have been given mor

22、e time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and (he) was followed by some students.分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常與主句中的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上一致，但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.題組訓(xùn)練3語(yǔ)法填空1The isla

23、nd，joined(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.2Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping(keep) on your feet.3The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise) from behind the house.4Look over theretheres a very long，winding path leading(lead) up to the house.5Even the be

24、st writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words.6Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.7Gathering(gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.8More highways have been built in China，making(make) it much easier for people to

25、 travel from one place to another.9The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.10Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her stories.語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作根據(jù)提示翻譯下面的句子1我盼望收到你的來(lái)信。(用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))(2013·山東·寫(xiě)作)I am l

26、ooking forward to hearing from you.2如今違反交通規(guī)則和亂扔垃圾并不是不常見(jiàn)，它們對(duì)生命和環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的危害。(用動(dòng)名詞breaking作主語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞causing作狀語(yǔ))(2013·安徽·書(shū)面表達(dá))These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.3不容懷疑，和社會(huì)上其他工作相比較，清潔工的工作更艱難些。(用compared with作狀語(yǔ))(2013

27、3;廣東·讀寫(xiě)任務(wù))There is no doubt that what a cleaner does is harder compared with any other jobs in the society.4又一次我們?cè)谕坏胤竭M(jìn)行爬山比賽。(用climbing作定語(yǔ))(2013·湖南·書(shū)面表達(dá))Once again we had a climbing match at the same place.5沐浴在陽(yáng)光下，我們高興地跳起來(lái)歡呼著。(用bathed作狀語(yǔ))(2013·江西·書(shū)面表達(dá))Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy.語(yǔ)法填空Our modern life is changing our eating habits.We 1.are spending(spend) too much time in front of TV or computers and becoming “couch potatoe