自考英美文學(xué)選讀超級完整版

1、關(guān)于自考英美文學(xué)選讀超級完整版第一頁，共355頁幻燈片oWhat is literature? Is it necessary or important in modern society?o什么是文學(xué)？今天我們還需要文學(xué)什么是文學(xué)？今天我們還需要文學(xué)嗎？嗎？第二頁，共355頁幻燈片主講內(nèi)容一、考試主要題型、特點和應(yīng)考策略；一、考試主要題型、特點和應(yīng)考策略；二、以講解關(guān)鍵詞的方法作全書梳理，包括各二、以講解關(guān)鍵詞的方法作全書梳理，包括各個時期重要的文學(xué)理念，核心觀點；個時期重要的文學(xué)理念，核心觀點；三、結(jié)合真題對重點作家做總結(jié)和預(yù)測三、結(jié)合真題對重點作家做總結(jié)和預(yù)測第三頁，共355頁幻燈片第一

2、講第四頁，共355頁幻燈片一、考試題型分析1.選擇題（40/25）40，22（英國），18（美國），主要考查：基本知識點、理解（10）趨勢：選擇題難度上升，主觀題難度下降。第五頁，共355頁幻燈片2.閱讀（44)要求指出：A）作者和作品出處（1分） B）作品中具體某個詞或詞組的確切意義（1分） C）表述該選段的思想內(nèi)容（2分）。 第六頁，共355頁幻燈片09年真題41. Wherefore feed and clothe and save From the cradle to the grave Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your swea

3、t- nay, drink your blood? Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2?C. Whom does “drones” refer to?第七頁，共355頁幻燈片3.簡答（64)內(nèi)容的跨越比較大，既有閱讀理解部分的延伸，也有某一時期的文學(xué)思潮，還有對某一斷代史的簡論，答對率非常低。 4.討論（210)考查：文學(xué)流派與作家解析，作品主題、人物、情節(jié)、敘事方法等分

4、析第八頁，共355頁幻燈片二、應(yīng)試技巧（主觀題）基本方法：核心觀點+實際問題答題時最好用A,B,C或123等符號將答案分割成幾點；英文的書寫與拼寫語法第九頁，共355頁幻燈片 做簡答題或論述題的答題要點 oA. 關(guān)于歷史時期的介紹 1 時間+來源 (0.5分-1分) 2 歷史背景(不需要擴充) (1-2分) 3 該時期中最重要的創(chuàng)作思想以及影響該時期的大背景(2-3分) 4 代表作家以及代表作品簡介(1分) 5 影響 (0.51分) 第十頁，共355頁幻燈片oB. 論述題中人物性格分析的答題要點： 1 利用題目發(fā)揮 (0.5-1分) 2 該任務(wù)的代表時期，屬于哪個階層 (12分) 3 作品中人

5、物經(jīng)歷的有關(guān)情節(jié) (23分) 4 該人物的直接性格分析 (12分) 5 該人物的文學(xué)性格分析 (34分) 6 作用影響語言風(fēng)格等 (0.51分) 第十一頁，共355頁幻燈片oC. 論述題中關(guān)于作家的分析 1 利用題目發(fā)揮 (0.51分) 2 該作家所處的歷史背景 (12 分) 3 該作家的語言風(fēng)格 (12分) 4 該作家說寫的典型作品及創(chuàng)作主題 (23分) 5 關(guān)于典型作品的有關(guān)情節(jié) (12分) 6 影響 (0.51 分)第十二頁，共355頁幻燈片英美文學(xué)選讀答題套語oSb. launches possibly the sharpest and the fiercest attack upon

6、 the very foundations of the corrupt feudalism/capitalist world.oThe penetrating hit at the very heart of capitalism is driven home.ono other than=nothing more thanois discernible.oLengthy accounts are given to第十三頁，共355頁幻燈片oSb. perceptively states thatoSth. bears some resemblance withodraws influenc

7、e fromoin essenceoprolificoplay a pivotal role inoThe significance of lies rather in the portrayal of第十四頁，共355頁幻燈片oIt affords the readers a whole gallery of vivid portraits of the people of all stratum.ogives an encyclopedic creation ofoshows a genuine sympathy foroevery character ones creative fing

8、er touched came aliveoleaves unforgettable impressions on the readers mind.oThe great humorists of the world are few in number, and Mark Twain is of that choice company.第十五頁，共355頁幻燈片o評分標(biāo)準：1）答出參考答案多數(shù)要點且某些要點有較好發(fā)揮，可給滿分；2)考生答非所問不給分；3）內(nèi)容和語言綜合考慮，語言表達不好的要適當(dāng)扣分，原則如下：a)語言通順，表達清楚，語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤很少，基本根據(jù)內(nèi)容評分；b)語言基本通順，

9、有少數(shù)語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤，扣該題分值的20%；c)語言不通順，表達不連貫，有較多語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤，扣該題分值的40%；d)語言很不通順，無法表達連貫的意思，扣該題分值的60%。第十六頁，共355頁幻燈片o常考不衰的重點： 文藝復(fù)興的文學(xué)特色及其核心作家；英國浪漫主義與美國浪漫主義；自然主義；意象主義；現(xiàn)實主義；現(xiàn)代主義（英國）o必考的作家： Shakespeare; Milton; Defoe; Fielding; Shelley; Austen; Dickens; Hardy; T.S.Eliot; Hawthorne; Whitman；Mark Twain; Dreiser; Pound

10、; Hemingway; Faulkner第十七頁，共355頁幻燈片o考過的是否會重考？1.任何考題都有可能在其他題型中重考；2. 選擇題有可能重考；3. 考過的問答題不會重考，但同一作家可重考；第十八頁，共355頁幻燈片o復(fù)習(xí)建議：把握英國重點部分，死記美國所有部分1）思考，理解；2) 比較記憶和聯(lián)想記憶；o關(guān)鍵詞o 個章節(jié)時代介紹； 重要引語；作家作品名稱的拼寫；o參考資料：原教材輔導(dǎo)書，近5年真題第十九頁，共355頁幻燈片最新考綱要求 調(diào)整后的英美文學(xué)選讀自學(xué)考試大綱將于2009年4月考試試行。 o一、關(guān)于考核知識點的調(diào)整考核知識點中的各章概述內(nèi)容仍為考核內(nèi)容；對知識點中的作家只保留對如

11、下主要作家的考核。o二、 關(guān)于考核要求的調(diào)整考核要求中每章概述內(nèi)容不作調(diào)整；“該時期的重要作家”只包含對考核知識點中保留的重要作家的相關(guān)內(nèi)容的考核。 第二十頁，共355頁幻燈片5分鐘巧記所有作家 英國英國 小沙彌在看非州的Swift吹笛子, 布來克/澳雪(在旁邊)華華叫, (吵得)狄更斯和哈代不得安寧, (氣得)蕭伯納踢死(T.S)了勞倫斯 美國美國 揮霍的梅姑娘.(看見)James騎馬D答D答響, (后面跟著) 肥仔老羅和發(fā)福的海明威 第二十一頁，共355頁幻燈片大綱調(diào)整后的特點二、大綱調(diào)整后的特點 （一）新大綱更加突出了英美各個文學(xué)時期的時代特點。如：文藝復(fù)興時期的戲劇和詩史，浪漫主義時期

12、的詩歌等。從這個意義上講，命題的重點突出了。（二）新大綱中考核的作家，都是每一個文學(xué)時期文學(xué)潮流的最具代表性的作家，都是對該時期文學(xué)的發(fā)展起到?jīng)Q定作用的作家。從這個意義上講，命題的焦點集中了。（三）新大綱中所保留的作家的作品大多是廣大考生耳熟能詳?shù)淖髌?，從這個意義上講，考試的難度降低了。三、大綱調(diào)整后的復(fù)習(xí)方法（一）概述： 考試大綱調(diào)整以后，可命題的作家的數(shù)量減少了，但命題的深度會增加；同時，由于作家數(shù)量的減少，這也意味著在每一章的概述部分和作品選讀部分的命題點會增多。（二）每章概述部分的復(fù)習(xí)重點 在對這部分的復(fù)習(xí)中，重點關(guān)注每一個文學(xué)時期的界定以及其標(biāo)志性事件；另外每一個文學(xué)時期的時代特點和

13、突出文學(xué)成就也是考查的重點，還有本時期同時存在的文學(xué)流派的特點也是重點內(nèi)容。 （三）每章重點作家的復(fù)習(xí)重點 作家的文學(xué)史上的地位和貢獻；作家的代表作以及代表作的中心大意和所反映的社會現(xiàn)實；作家的寫作風(fēng)格和寫作特點也是命題的重點。 （四）每章作品選讀的復(fù)習(xí)重點 作品選讀前面的斜體字部分的簡介和概括；作品中的名句；作品選讀中的注釋部分，小說作品中的人物關(guān)系。第二十二頁，共355頁幻燈片第二講第二十三頁，共355頁幻燈片The Renaissance Period1)It marks a transition from_ to the _world.2) It refers to the perio

14、d between _ and _.3) a) revival or rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture; b)introduction of Humansim; c) new ideas pros and cons in the interest of the rising bourgeoisie; d) the development of early science; e) the religious Reformation or religious struggle in the folk life; f）the shaping

15、 of nationalism.第二十四頁，共355頁幻燈片oHumanism a)Emphasis of man and individual, man is the measure of all things;b)Humanists try to exalt human nature and regard human beings as glorious creatures capable of Individual development toward perfection with life to question, explore and enjoy;c) Emphasis of h

16、uman values, dignity, ambitions and the present life rather than the afterlife.第二十五頁，共355頁幻燈片The Achievement of the Elizabethan Drama1)It is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. It is not until the Elizabethan age, under the influence of the Renaissance, that drama was developed into a ma

17、ture art form. And great dramatists like_, _, _ appeared on the stage;2)By imitating the romances, embracing the mysteries of German legend, and combing the poetic fancy with the facts of daily life, they made a vivid depiction of the sharp conflicts between feudalism and the rising bourgeoisie;3)Th

18、e drama, with _ as the master, stands out as a monument of the Renaissance, which is unrivaled for pure creative power by any other product of that epoch.第二十六頁，共355頁幻燈片oRepresentatives:Chaucer:_Spenser: _Marlowe：_Shakespeare:_Bacon:_John Donne:_John Milton:_第二十七頁，共355頁幻燈片The Neoclassical PeriodoStar

19、ts from _ to _.oThe 18th century England is also known as the age of _ or the age of _.oHow to define 1The Enlightenment Movement 2. Neoclassicism 3. the Realistic Novel What is the literary characteristics of Neoclassicism?第二十八頁，共355頁幻燈片Neoclassicism1) A revival of interest in the old classical wor

20、ks. oAll forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers & those of the contemporary French ones. oThe artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion & accuracy, & that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.

21、2)Seek proportion, unity, harmony & grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct & correct human beings, primarily as social animals. Thus, a polite, urbane, witty, & intellectual art developed. 第二十九頁，共355頁幻燈片The Enlightenment Movement 1)The 18th-century England is known as the A

22、ge of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. 2) A progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time.3) The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries.4) To enlighten the whole world with the light of modem p

23、hilosophical & artistic ideas. 5) celebrating reason or rationality, equality & science. 6) Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden, Alexander pope & so on. 第三十頁，共355頁幻燈片the Realistic NoveloA newly rising literary form contrary to the traditional roma

24、nce of aristocrats, oGives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. o Is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution oAmong the pioneers were Daniel Defoe ,Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias Creorge Smollott, & Oliver Goldsmith. 第三十一頁，共355頁幻燈片What is

25、the literary characteristics of Neoclassicism?1)All forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers and those of the contemporary French ones.2) Neoclassicists had some fixed laws &rules for almost every genre of literature, prose should be preci

26、se, direct, smooth & flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, & each class should be guided by its own principles. 3) Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space & action should be strictly

27、 observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to & type characters rather than individuals should be represented. 第三十二頁，共355頁幻燈片oRepresentatives:John Bunyan:_Pope:_Defoe:_Swift:_Fielding:_Johnson:_Sheridan: _Gray:_第三十三頁，共355頁幻燈片The Romantic Period1. English Romanticism is generally said to

28、 have begun in _ with the publication of of _ and to have ended in _.2. Cultural background：oThe ideas of Rousseau;A.B. The literary sources: The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less negative attitude toward the existing social and political conditions that came with industrialization and the

29、growing importance of the bourgeoisie.第三十四頁，共355頁幻燈片C. The literary views:o(1) a rebellion against neo-classicism o(2) express on imagination o(3) priorities been given to passion, emotion and feeling o(4) being close to nature for its purity while the society is corrupting o(5) tremendous interest

30、in something remote in term of space and time o(6) supremacy of freedom 第三十五頁，共355頁幻燈片3. Literary forms:A. PoetryA). The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literat

31、ure, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution.第三十六頁，共355頁幻燈片oB). Theory of poetrya. They explored new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry writing. b. They saw poetry as a healing energy, the believed that poetry could purify both individual souls and the society. 第三十七頁，共355頁幻燈片c

32、. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.d. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic. 第三十八頁，共355頁幻燈片B. Prose The Romantic period is also a great age of prose. Coleridge, H

33、azlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey were the leading figures.第三十九頁，共355頁幻燈片C. NovelA). Austen is of the 18th-century in her moral outlook. Her view of life is a totally realistic one. The major theme of her novels is love and marriage.B). Walter Scott is the most popular novelist of his day. Waverley, Old

34、Martality, The Heart of Midlothian, Rob Roy, and Ivanhoe are among the most popular ones of his novels. He is the first major historical novelist.第四十頁，共355頁幻燈片C). Gothic novel:a. Nature:Gothic novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth century, was one phase of the Ro

35、mantic movement.b. Subject matters:Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural.c. Works:Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliffe and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.第四十一頁，共355頁幻燈片D. DramaShelleys Prometheus Unbound and The Cenci, Byrons Manfr

36、ed and Coleridges Remorse are generally regarded as the best verse plays during this period.第四十二頁，共355頁幻燈片How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? oa. Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic , restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature, should be judged in

37、 terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. ob. Romanticism tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong of feeling” the val

38、ue of the work link lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular altitude. oc. In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individuals mind ( emotion, imagination, temporary experience.)第四十三頁，共355頁幻燈片oRepresenta

39、tives:William Blake:_William Wordsworth:_Coleridge:_Byron:_Shelley:_Keats:_Austen: _第四十四頁，共355頁幻燈片The Victorian Period1. The Victorian Period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victorian from 1836 to 1901, the most glorious in the English history.2. Towards the mid-19th century, England had r

40、eached its highly point of development as a world power. 3. Darwins The origin of species and The Descent of Man shook theoretical basic of traditional faith. 4. Famous novelists like Charles Dickens , William Makepeace Thackery, Charlotte Bronte , Emily Bronte, Mrs. Gaskell and Anthony Trollope. 第四

41、十五頁，共355頁幻燈片What are the characteristics of Victorian literature?oAs a product of its age, it naturally took on its quality of magnitude and diversity. It was many-sided and complex, and reflected romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in peoples life and thought. oVicto

42、rian literature has the high-spirted vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness , the good-natured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented.第四十六頁，共355頁幻燈片What were the common things shared by the novelists of Victorian Period? Although writing from different points of view and with differe

43、nt techniques, the novelists of this age shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutiions, the decaying social morality.第四十七頁，共355頁幻燈片 What were the literary characteristics of English critical rea

44、lism?oEnglish critical realism of the 19th century, flourished in the forties and in the early fifties;oThe critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief trait of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint;oThe realists not onl

45、y gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruining classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people.oHumor and satire abound in the English realistic novels of the 19th century.oThe critical realists did not, due to their world outlook, and could not find a way to er

46、adicate social evils.第四十八頁，共355頁幻燈片oRepresentatives:Dickens:_The Bronte Sisters:_Tennyson:_Robert Browning:_George Eliot:_Thomas Hardy:_ 第四十九頁，共355頁幻燈片The Modern PeriodoThe social, ideological background of the Modern English Literature: oThe influences of the two World Wars on English literature;oI

47、deologically, the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. o So, after the First World War, all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared. After the Second World War, a variety of modernis

48、m, or post-modernism, like existentialist literature, theater of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony. 第五十頁，共355頁幻燈片2. What is Modernism?A) Modernism was a complex and diverse international mo

49、vement in all creative arts, originating about the end of the 19th century;B) Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism;C) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base;D) Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against rea

50、lism. 第五十一頁，共355頁幻燈片What are the basic characteristics of Modernism in literature?oModernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. One characteristic of English Modernism is the dehumanization of art. oThe major themes of the modernist literature

51、are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. oThe modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an

52、individual. o In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual. 第五十二頁，共355頁幻燈片Why do we say Modernism is a reaction against Realism? Modernism is, in many aspects, a reaction against realism. It rejects rati

53、onalism, which is the theoretical base of realism. A) It excludes from its major concern the external, objective, material world, which is the only creative source of realism; B) By advocating a free experimentation on new forms and new techniques in literary creation, it casts away almost all the t

54、raditional elements in literature such as story, plot, character, chronological narration, etc., which are essential to realism. As a result, the works created by the modernist writers are often labeled as anti-novel, anti-poetry and anti-drama. 第五十三頁，共355頁幻燈片How do you define Modern English Poetry?

55、 The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. A. In the early years, the poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats marked the rise of “Modern Poetry”, which was a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry; B. With the coming of the 1950s, there was

56、 a return of realistic poetry again, advocating reason, moral discipline and traditional forms. 第五十四頁，共355頁幻燈片How do you define Modern English novels?oThe first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the the

57、ory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. oOne of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing, which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and moder

58、nist novels in this century. oModernist novels came to a decline in the 1930s, After the Second World War, modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama. 第五十五頁，共355頁幻燈片The development of 20th century English drama. A. The most celebrated dramatists

59、 in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw, who, in a sense, pioneered the modern drama, though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. B. The 1930s witnessed a revival of poetic drama in England. One of the

60、 early experimenters was T. S. Eliot who regarded drama as the best medium of poetry. C. The English dramatic revolution, which came in the 1950s under various European and American influences, developed in two directions: the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd. 第五十六頁，共355頁幻燈片oRepresentat