上海中考英語(yǔ)基本句型整理

1、2017 上海中考英語(yǔ)基本句型整理（附詳解）1. as as 和一樣中間必須用形容詞或副詞原級(jí)。例如：This classroom is as big as that one. 這間教室和那間一樣大。He runs as fast as Tom. 他和湯姆跑的一樣快。否定結(jié)構(gòu)：not as/so as,不如”。上面的兩個(gè)句子可分別改為：This classroom is not as/so large as that one. 這間教室不如那間大。He doesn t runas/so fast as Tom. 他跑得不如湯姆快。2. as soon as 一就用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。若主句是一

2、般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：I tellll him the plan as soon as I see him. 我一看到他就告訴他這個(gè)計(jì)劃。He lgl o home as soon as he finishes his work. 他一完成工作就回家。3. be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish doing sth.忙于 /喜歡/討厭/繼續(xù)/完成做某事在 enjoy, finish, hate, go on, be busy 等詞語(yǔ)后，一般用動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：LinTao is busy making a model plane. 林濤正忙著

3、做飛機(jī)模型。My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper. 我媽媽喜歡晚飯后散步。I hate watching Channel Five. 我討厭看五頻道。When someone asked him to have a rest, he just went on working.當(dāng)有人讓他休息一會(huì)兒時(shí)，他仍繼續(xù)工作。I have finished writing the story. 我已經(jīng)寫完了故事。4. fill with裝滿；be filled with 充滿了 ；be full of 充滿了 be filled with 說(shuō)明由外界事物造成

4、的此種狀態(tài)，表示被動(dòng)。例如：The box is filled with food. 盒子里裝滿了食物。 be full of 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)處于的狀態(tài)。此外，還可表示程度，意為“非常 ”。例如：The patient ' s room is full of flowers那個(gè)病人的房間擺滿了花。The young man is full of pride. 那個(gè)年輕人非常驕傲。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)還可以相互改寫。例如：I fill the box with food. The box is full of food.5. be good/bad for 有利于/有害于 此句型是：be+adj.+fo

5、r+n. 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操對(duì)你的健康有益。Always playing computer games is bad for your study.總玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕膶W(xué)習(xí)不利。6. be used to(doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于后必須接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，可用于現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)的多種時(shí)態(tài)。be 可用 get,become 來(lái)代替。例如：He is used to life in the country.=He is used to living in the country. 他習(xí)慣于鄉(xiāng)村生活。H

6、e will get used to getting up early. 他將會(huì)習(xí)慣于早起。注意：be used to do的意思是 被用來(lái)做"。例如：Wood is used to make paper. 木材被用來(lái)造紙。7. both and 兩者者 B用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列成分;當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Both the students and the teachers will go to the History Museum tomorrow.不論老師還是學(xué)生明天都會(huì)去歷史博物館。8. can t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事help 在此

7、的意思是“抑制,忍住”，其后接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式。例如：His joke is too funny. We can t help laughing.他的笑話太有趣了，我們禁不止笑了起來(lái)。9. sth. costs sb. some money 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢此句型的主語(yǔ)是物。cost 一詞帶的是雙賓語(yǔ)，它的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和原型一樣。This book cost me five yuan. 這本書花了我五元錢。10. either - or不是就是，或者或者用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列成分，當(dāng)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。You may either stay here or go h

8、ome. 你可以呆在這兒，也可以回家。Either she or I am right. = Either I or she is right. 不是她對(duì)就是我對(duì)。11. enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足夠做在此結(jié)構(gòu)中,for 用來(lái)引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。例如：The ice isn t thick enough for you to walk on.這冰還沒(méi)有厚到你可以在上面走的程度。12. feel like doing sth. 想要做此處 like 為介詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞-ing 形式。此句型與would like to do sth. 同義。例如：I feel l

9、ike drinking a cup of milk. 我想喝一杯牛奶。13. feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth. 認(rèn)為某事在此結(jié)構(gòu)中it 為形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)作真正的賓語(yǔ)。例如：I find it very interesting to play football. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)踢足球很有趣。She thinks it her duty to help us. 她認(rèn)為幫助我們是她的職責(zé)。14. get ready for sth./to do sth.Get ready for sth. 意為 “為某事做準(zhǔn)備”； get ready to do sth.

10、意為 “準(zhǔn)備做某事”例如：We are getting ready for the meeting. 我們正在為會(huì)議做準(zhǔn)備。They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.他們那時(shí)正準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。15. get/receive/have a letter from收至U的來(lái)信， 相當(dāng)于 hear fromDid you receive a letter from John? 你收到約翰的來(lái)信了嗎?I got a letter from my brother yesterday. 我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封來(lái)信。16. ha

11、d better (not) do sth. 最好 (別 )做某事Had better為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后需用動(dòng)詞原形。 had better常用縮寫，變成d better其否定 形式是在其后直接加 not。例如：We had better go now. = We ' d better go noW（門最好現(xiàn)在走吧。Youd better not go out because it is windy. 今天刮風(fēng)，你最好別出去了。17. have sth. done 使 （某事）完成（動(dòng)作由別人完成）sth. 為賓語(yǔ)，done 為過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：We had the machine

12、repaired. 我們請(qǐng)人把機(jī)器修好了。注意區(qū)分：We have repaired the machine. 我們（自己）已經(jīng)修好了機(jī)器。18. help sb. （to） do sth./with sth. 幫助某人（做 ）某事，其中的to 可以省略。例如：I often help my mother with housework. 我常常幫助媽媽做家務(wù)。Would you please help me （to） look up these words? 請(qǐng)你幫助我查查這些詞好嗎?19. How do you like 你認(rèn)為怎么樣？與 what do you think of同義。例如：

13、How do you like the weather in Beijing？你認(rèn)為北京的天氣怎么樣？ 你覺(jué)得這部新電影如何？20. I don ' t think/believe that 我認(rèn)我 /相信不其中的 not 是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行否定而不是對(duì)主句否定（否定前移）。 that 可省略。例如：I don t think it will rain. 我認(rèn)為天不會(huì)下雨。I don t believe the girl will come. 我相信那女孩不會(huì)來(lái)了。21. It happens that 碰巧相當(dāng)于 happen to do ,例如：It happened that I

14、heard their secret.可改寫為：I happened to hear their secret. 我碰巧聽(tīng)到了他們的秘密。22. It ' s/has been中段時(shí)間+since從句自從某時(shí)起做某件事情已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間了該句型中since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：It s twentyyears since he came here. 他來(lái)這里已經(jīng)20 年了。It has been six years since he married Mary. 他和瑪麗結(jié)婚已經(jīng)六年了。做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)23. It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do

15、sth.It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式to do sth 。例如：It s not easy for us to study English well. 對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)并不容易。It sgaood idea for us to travel to the south. 去南方旅行對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好主意。24. It s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.It是形式主語(yǔ)，to do sth.是真正的主語(yǔ),當(dāng)表語(yǔ)（即形容詞）能對(duì)邏輯主語(yǔ)描述時(shí)，常用介詞 of, 而不用 for 。例如：It s very polite of you to give your seat to

16、old people.你給老人讓座，非常有禮貌。25. It seems/appears （to sb ） that 在某人看來(lái)）好像此句中的it 是主語(yǔ)，that 引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句。例如：It seems that he is lying. 看樣子他好像是在撒謊。It appears to me that he never smiles. 在我看來(lái)，他從來(lái)沒(méi)有笑過(guò)。26. It is + 數(shù)t+metres/kilometers long/wide 是多少米（公里）長(zhǎng)（寬）用來(lái)表示物體的長(zhǎng)（寬 ,高 ），如數(shù)詞大于一，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：It is20 metres long from th

17、is end to that end. 從這端到那端有二十米長(zhǎng)。27. It s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的時(shí)候了it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式to do sth.例如：It s time for the child to go to bed. 孩子該睡覺(jué)了。比較下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： It ' s time for + n例如：It 'time for school .It ' s time to do sth.例如：It 'time to go to school.28. It takes sb. some time to

18、 do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式to do sth。例如：It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.從這兒走著到公交車站將花費(fèi)她15 分鐘。It took the old man three days to finish the work.那個(gè)老人花了三天時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工作。29. keep (on) doing sth. 一直堅(jiān)持做某事Keep doing sth. 一般用于靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞。keep on doing sth. 意為 “繼續(xù)不停地做某事”，一般用于動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞

19、，但二者的區(qū)別并不是很嚴(yán)格，有時(shí)可以互換。例如：Dont keep on doing such foolish things. 不要再做這樣的傻事了。He kept sitting there all day. 他整天坐在那里。30. keep from doing sth. 阻止做某事相當(dāng)于 stop from doing sth., prevent from doingtfc動(dòng)句中，stop 和 prevent 后面的 from 可以省略，但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，from 不可以省略。例如：Please keep the children from swimming in the sea. 請(qǐng)別讓

20、孩子到海里游泳。The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作業(yè)。31. keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事不可和 keep sb. from doing sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)混淆。例如：Why do you keep me waiting for a long time? 你為什么讓我等了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?32. make sb. do sth. 使某人干某事make 意為 “使 ”時(shí)，其后要有不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：He made me work ten hours

21、a day. 他讓我每天工作10 小時(shí)。注意：上句如改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則work 前的 to 不能省略。例如：I was made to work ten hours a day.33. neither nor 既不也不當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的主語(yǔ)取得一致(就進(jìn)一致原則)。例如：Neither we nor Jack knows him. 我們和杰克都不認(rèn)識(shí)他。He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他對(duì)發(fā)生的事情不聞不問(wèn)。34. not until 直到才until 后可跟名詞或從句，表示時(shí)間。例如：He didn t come unti

22、l late in the evening. 他直到晚上很遲才來(lái)。He didn t arrive until the game began. 直到比賽開(kāi)始他才來(lái)。35. sb. pays money for sth. 某人花錢買某物此句型主語(yǔ)是人例如： I vaelready paid 2,000 yuan for the motor bike.36. spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth.花費(fèi)(時(shí)間、錢)在某事上/做某事其中 in 可以省略，通常主語(yǔ)為“人 ”。例如：I spent five yuan on this book. 我在這本書上花了五元

23、錢。I spent two hours (in) doing my homework yesterday. 昨晚我花了兩個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。37. so that 太以至于 用于復(fù)合句，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。so 是副詞 ,后面應(yīng)接形容詞或副詞，如果接名詞，應(yīng)用such 。例如：The ice is so thin that you can' t wOlkonitT,你不能在上面走。He is such a kind man that we all like him.他是一個(gè)非常好的人，我們都很喜歡他。38. stop to do sth., stop doing sth.Stop

24、 to do sth. 意為 “停下來(lái)去做另一件事 ”， stop doing sth. 意為 “停止正在做的事”例如：You retoo tired. You d better stop to have a rest.你們太累了，最好停下來(lái)休息一會(huì)兒。The teacher is coming. Let ' s stop talking來(lái)了，咱們另U說(shuō)話了。39. Thank you for doing sth. 感激你做了 for 之后除了加動(dòng)名詞doing 外，還可以加名詞。例如：Thank you for giving me the present. 謝謝你給我的禮物。Than

25、k you for your help. =Thank you for helping me. 謝謝你的幫助。40. thanks to 多虧，由于thanks 后的 s 不能省略，to 是介詞。例如：Thanks to my friend Jim, Iwo rkeved out this problem.多虧了我朋友吉姆的幫助，我已經(jīng)解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。41. There be 句型在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，there 是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不能充當(dāng)任何成分，也不必翻譯出來(lái)。句中的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be 要與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。例如：There is a man at the door. 門口有一個(gè)人。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)

26、是由兩個(gè)或者兩者以上的名詞充當(dāng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be 要跟它鄰近的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)一致 （ 就近一致）。例如：There are two dogs and a cat under the table. 桌下有兩只狗和一只貓。比較： There is a cat and two dogs under the table.There be句型中的be不能用have來(lái)代替，但可以用lie（位于，躺）,stand（矗 立 ）,exist（ 生存 ）,live（ 生活 ）等詞來(lái)替換。例如：There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street

27、.街道兩旁矗立著許多高樓。There lies lake in front of our school. 我們學(xué)校前面有一個(gè)湖。Once there lived a king here. 這兒曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)國(guó)王。There is going to be a sports meeting next week. 下周準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。There be 的拓展結(jié)構(gòu)：there seem（s）/happen（s） to beThere seems to be one mistake in spelling. 似乎有一處拼寫錯(cuò)誤。There happened to be a ruler here. 這兒碰巧

28、有把尺子。There seemed to be a lot of people there. 那兒似乎有很多人。42. The + adj.比較級(jí)，the + adj.比較級(jí)越，越此句型表示一方隨另一方的變化而變化。例如：The harder he works, the happier he feels. 他工作越努力，就感到越幸福。The more, the better. 多多益善。43. too+ adj./adv. +to do sth. 太以至于不能 此句型為簡(jiǎn)單句，后面的to 表示否定含義。例如：The ice is too thin for you to walk on. 這冰太

29、薄，你不能在上面走。The bag is too heavy to carry. 這個(gè)袋子太重搬不動(dòng)。44. used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事Used to 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，因此只用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。例如:He used to get up early. 他過(guò)去總早起。When I was young, I used to play tennis very often. 我年輕時(shí)經(jīng)常打網(wǎng)球。否定形式有兩種：didn t use to;used not to, 例如：He didn t use to come. = He usedn to cot me

30、. 他過(guò)去不常來(lái)。45. what about ？ 怎么樣？后面可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等。與 "how about？'同義。例如：We have been to Hainan. What about you？ 我們?nèi)ミ^(guò)海南，你呢？What about going to the park on Sunday？ 星期天去公園怎么樣？46. What day/date is it today？ 今天星期幾(幾月幾日)？ What day is it today？ Sunday. What date is it today？ June24th.47. What ' s wro

31、ng (the matter) with？幺子?What s wrong with you, Madam？ 夫人，您怎么了？You look worried. What ' s wrong with yoU密上去很焦急，出什么事了 ？48. Why not do？為什么不做 ？謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。與Why don' t you do？同義。例如：Why not go to see the film with us？= Why don t you go to see the film withus？為什么不和我們一起去看電影呢？49. would like to do sth. 想做

32、后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。例如：10 / 12I would like to drink a cup of tea. 我想喝一杯茶。疑問(wèn)句式：Would you like (to drink) a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶嗎?50. adj./adv. 比較級(jí) + and adj./adv. 比較級(jí)越來(lái)越若形容詞/副詞為雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞，則這一結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)椤?more and more + 形容詞/副詞”。例如：It s getting warmer and warmer. 天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和了。The little girl becomes more and more beautiful

33、. 小女孩變得越來(lái)越漂亮了。51. adj. 比較級(jí) +thanthan引導(dǎo)的是典型的比較級(jí)句型，表示 工者比另一者 ”其前用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)， than 從句可以用省略形式。例如：I know you better than she does. 我比她更了解你。This house is bigger than that one. 這所房子比那所房子大。52. though- 從句though引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是 雖然但是但不能和but連用，英語(yǔ)中 表達(dá) 雖然，但是”時(shí)，though和but只能用一個(gè)。例如：Though it was snowing, it was not ve

34、ry cold. 雖然下著雪，可并不太冷。I was late for the last bus though I hurried.雖然我拼命趕路，還是沒(méi)搭上最后一班公交車。We didn t feel tired though we walked a long way.雖然我們走了很長(zhǎng)的路程，但是并沒(méi)有感到累。53. if- 從句If引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，如果;假如：'如主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，if從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(主將從現(xiàn) )。例如：If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along?如果明天我去長(zhǎng)城，你會(huì)和

35、我一起去嗎?If it rains tomorrow, I won t go.如果明天下雨，我就不去了。引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，“因?yàn)?”。例如：He didn t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to theradio.他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)敲門聲，因?yàn)樗诼?tīng)收音機(jī)。55. so + do/be + 主語(yǔ)“ So +be©動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表示前面所述內(nèi)容也適用于另一人或物。be、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇視前面陳述句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式而定。例如：He likes football and so do I. 他喜歡足球，我也如此。Jim was playing football just now and so was Tom.剛才吉姆在踢足球，湯姆也在踢足球。比較：“So +fc語(yǔ)+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.結(jié)構(gòu)，是用來(lái)證實(shí)前一句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容(起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用 ) 。 be 、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇視前面陳述句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式而定。A: It is very hot today. 今天天氣很熱。B: So it is. 確實(shí)如此。56. not only but also 不但而且常用來(lái)連接語(yǔ)法作用相同的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和緊靠它的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例