初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致和就近原則講解及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主謂一致(就近、就遠(yuǎn)原則就近原則:也稱“鄰近原則”“就近一致原則”(Proximity,即:謂語(yǔ)與靠近的名詞、代詞(有時(shí)不一定是主語(yǔ)在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。在正式文體中:1.由下列詞語(yǔ)連接的并列主語(yǔ):"there be+句型; or ; either or;nor; neithernor; whetheror;notbut; not onlybut also" ; 等。e.g.What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無(wú)關(guān)。Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都

2、沒錯(cuò)。Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父親該受責(zé)備。Not only you but(also he is wrong .不僅你錯(cuò)了,他也錯(cuò)了。2. 在倒裝句中:謂語(yǔ)可與后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。e.g.In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在遠(yuǎn)處,能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。There is (are a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。II. 非正式文體中:有時(shí)依“

3、就近一致原則”,但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語(yǔ)法一致原則”。e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意義一致 我和他當(dāng)時(shí)都不在那兒。(非正式Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致(譯文同上句(正式但是,如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時(shí),則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。(依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則;但語(yǔ)法上,“No one ”才是主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“

4、語(yǔ)法一致”原則。英語(yǔ)就近原則短語(yǔ)1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.= Either Jim or they are going to sha

5、nghai next Saturday.4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就遠(yuǎn)原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面主語(yǔ)一致代表詞匯:as well as;(together/alongwith;rather than;except;besides;but;including; in addition to;apart from例子:He rather

6、 than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主謂一致單項(xiàng)填空專練主謂一致是歷年中考熱點(diǎn)之一,一般說(shuō)來(lái),句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)上應(yīng)保持一致,但在很多情況下存在一些特殊情況,這些特殊情況就是重要考點(diǎn)。本文以往年高考試題為例,對(duì)此考點(diǎn)作以歸納。一、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面與with, as well as, but, except, like, rather than, no less than, besides, including等+ 名詞或代詞連用時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。1. The teacher, with 6

7、 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be2. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered3. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily com

8、munication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play4. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is known5. All but one _ here just now.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were二、當(dāng)either . or .; neither . nor.;not only. but also.等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。6. Either you or the headmaster _

9、 the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. was handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out7. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be三、當(dāng)“the only one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句”,且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)“one

10、of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句”,且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been9. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well paidC. is paying wellD. are paying well四、當(dāng)news, me

11、ans, maths, plastics, physics等在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)概念,而在意義上是單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10. Every possible means _ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used五、當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于of后面名詞的數(shù)。11. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees

12、and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; isD. Two fifths; are六、the number of.(的數(shù)目短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)a number of.(許多短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。12. The number of people invited _fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; wasB. was; wasC. was; wereD. were; were七、當(dāng)“疑問(wèn)詞+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。13. When and where to build the new fa