高中英語(yǔ)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)外研版

1、必修五Module 11. confuseconfuse(vt.)(confuse with/and.) 把和混淆confusion(n.) 聯(lián)想：(in confusion )困惑地；混亂地/confusing(adj.)disappoint, embarrass, move, frighten, amaze, interest, surprise, tire, terrify, excite, satisfy,confused(adj.)2. compare (v.)-comparison(n.) 把 A 和 B 比較 compare A with B 比起，與相比(作狀語(yǔ))compare

2、d把A比作/比喻為with /to 比得上無(wú)與倫比 beyond comparison 與一比較 in comparison3. differ (vi) different(adj.) difference (n.)B compare A to B compare with 相比之下 by comparison在方面不同 differ in = be different in區(qū)分和 Tell the difference betweenand.不同于 differ from = be different from 和某人在方面 differ with sb. on sth. 有影響，使不同 m

3、ake a difference對(duì),有影響 have an effect on=have an influence on =affect =influenceIt makes a big difference to your life whether you take an optimistic attitude or not. 你是否采取樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度對(duì)你的人生有很大的影響。4. common有很多/有一些/ 幾乎沒(méi)有/ 沒(méi)有共同點(diǎn) have much(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little) in common和一樣 in common with5. leadlea

4、d to +doing/n lead sb to do sth.通往，通向；導(dǎo)致，招致 lead sb to sp.帶領(lǐng)某人到某地使某人做某事，領(lǐng)某人干某事命題方向：1). lead to + doing/ being done2） .leading to作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。3） .含介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用在定語(yǔ)從句中，考察句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 短語(yǔ)lead to 中，to為介詞，總結(jié)一下動(dòng)詞+介，to ”的常用短語(yǔ)pay attention to 注意devote t僦身于stick to 堅(jiān)持be used to 習(xí)慣于belong to 屬于 object to 反對(duì) get down to pay a

5、 visit to 參觀;拜訪 6. difficultyhave some/much/no difficulty (in) doing There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth. There is some/no difficulty with sth. have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth. There is some/no difficulty with sth. 7. attemptattempt to do/ at

6、tempt at doing. make an/no attempt to do at one s first attempt (to do) 8. add開始認(rèn)真做.contribute to為.做貢獻(xiàn)做某事有一些/沒(méi)有困難（注意：difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞）做某事有一些/沒(méi)有困難（注意：difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞）試圖做:嘗試做（沒(méi)有）試圖/打算做第一次嘗試做add to 增加add up to 總計(jì)add to 把加到上 add up把加起來(lái)必修五 Module 21. offern/v表示愿意做，主動(dòng)給予提出，提供（買方）出價(jià) /charge （賣方）收費(fèi)，要價(jià)offer/

7、provide /supply提供給某人某物offer sb sth/offer sth to sbprovide sb with sth/ provide sth for sbsupply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb主動(dòng)提出做某事:offer to do2. applyv apply sth to應(yīng)用New technology is applied to almost every industrial process. （工業(yè)流程） apply oneself to致力于；專心于If only he applied himself to study, he

8、would do better in it. apply for 申請(qǐng)Before applying for the post, you have to fill in the application form.【拓展】applicant n. 申請(qǐng)人表示“致力于；專心于”的短語(yǔ)：be lost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupied inconcentrate/ focus/ fix .onbe devoted / addicted/ abandoned to （ 沉迷于 ） 3. demand: n. （ 非常/ 很 ）受歡迎的in （good） dem

9、and需要,需求（尤指顧客） demand for sth./ sb.對(duì)某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth.demand 可加 n. / Pro./ To do / that 從句作賓語(yǔ)。注意：不能說(shuō):demand sb to do sth必修五 Module31. account v./n.on account of 由于 Take into account 烤魚 On no account 絕不 accounted for 解釋 bank account 銀行賬戶2. as ifas if 引導(dǎo)的從句作表語(yǔ)。as if = as though 好像，似乎, 主

10、要用于引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)前面有系動(dòng)詞look, seem, taste, smell, keep, sound等時(shí)，如果表示的可能性較大，與事實(shí)較一致時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。as if 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況：從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。You look as if you did not care. （ 實(shí)際上關(guān)心）從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“ha#過(guò)去分詞”He talked about Paris as if he had been there before.（實(shí)際上以前沒(méi)去過(guò)）從句表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"would/could/migh

11、t +動(dòng)詞原形”。It looks as if it might snow. （實(shí)際上不會(huì)下雪） 3.分詞作定語(yǔ)1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，例如：He is the man giving you the money. （= who gave you ）He is the man stopped by the car.（ = who was stopped by ）2 ）不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生 分詞作狀語(yǔ)連詞+分詞（短語(yǔ)）有時(shí)為使分詞短語(yǔ)與主句關(guān)系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。如： when ， while ， if though ，after, before, as

12、. 但分詞的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須為同一個(gè)分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞和like, want, wish, order 等表示 “希望 ”“ 要求 ”等意義的動(dòng)詞之后分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞作插入語(yǔ):其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。generally speaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)strictly speaking嚴(yán)格的說(shuō)judging from從判斷all things considered從整體來(lái)看taking all things into consideration全面看來(lái)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)1).與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)(not) doing2）先于主動(dòng)詞（not） having done獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

13、：在用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般必須與句子主語(yǔ)一致。如不一致，分詞須帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。常表伴隨的動(dòng)作或情必修五 Module 41. Pretendpretend +that 假裝 pretend to do sth. 假裝要做某事pretend to be doing sth. 假裝正在做某事pretend to have done sth. 假裝已經(jīng)做過(guò)某事類似用法happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事appear to be 似乎是consider sth. to be/as 把當(dāng)作2. bookbook 意為預(yù)定（票，

14、位子等）order 意為訂貨，定購(gòu)常用作及物動(dòng)詞，還可以意為點(diǎn)菜（飯，酒，飲料）既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。3. dressdress 的用法：dress sb./ oneself=（sb）.be dressed indress（oneself） upwear 的用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)（穿著,穿衣戴帽,戴首飾,帶笑容）put on 的用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作（穿上） 反義詞 take off必修五 Module 5winwin vt. &vi. 其賓語(yǔ)不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition 等名詞。beat 和 defeat 兩

15、者的賓語(yǔ)是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手 2. advantage have an advantage over sb./sth 比某人有優(yōu)勢(shì)take advantage of利用機(jī)會(huì)等；某人的處境、弱點(diǎn)等 to one s advantage =to the advan tage of sb. 對(duì)某人有利 3. chance(the) chances are (that)./ The chanCe!S 能at (It is likely / probable / possible that)There is no chance that 不可能There is a chance that有可育旨 /ofseize

16、 /grasp a chance 抓住機(jī)會(huì)take a chance /take chances 冒險(xiǎn)，碰運(yùn)氣by chance /by accident 碰巧4. 倍數(shù)(1) . 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù) + as as.This room is four times as big as that one.這個(gè)房間是哪個(gè)房間的四倍大。The road is twice as long as that one. 這條路是那條路的2 倍長(zhǎng)。(2) . 倍數(shù)的其他結(jié)構(gòu)：倍數(shù) + adj./adv. 的比較級(jí)+ than.倍數(shù) + the + 名詞( size,length, height,width.)

17、+ of .This room is twice bigger than mine.這個(gè)房間是我房間的2 倍大。= This room is twice the size of mine.5.狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句其連詞有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly hadwhen, scarcelyhad when, no sooner had than, till / liheLnsoment, by the time 等，條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：if, lnless, (if not) , on condition t

18、hat , as long as 。注意：有時(shí)可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配and ，如：Give him an inch and he ll take a mile. (= If yol give him an inch, he ll take a mile. )但：當(dāng)表示否定的條件時(shí)，可用連詞or 或 otherwise ， 如：Start at once, or / otherwise you ' ll miss the train. (= If you don ' t start at once, ) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有：though/al

19、though, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however) whoever, whatever, whichever 還可引導(dǎo)名詞從句。而 no matter who/ what/ which 只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句? He didn t want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.= He didn t want to

20、 be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.? I ll give the books to whoever needs themas 引導(dǎo)讓步從句。但as 一般不置于句首，而將從句中的表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)置于句首。（ though 也可以）I Tired as he was, he still went on with his workn Much as he likes the bike, he doesn ' t want to buy it出 Try as he might, he didn ' t pass the exam. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句

21、引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞有because, since, as , now that? because: 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，回答why 時(shí)用 becauseWhy are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.? since:既然.”表對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)或理由，常放在句首。Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.? as:由于.”語(yǔ)氣較弱，較口語(yǔ)化，表明顯的原因或已知的事實(shí)，常放在句首。As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.? for 是一個(gè)等立連詞，連接的是兩個(gè)并列的分句，其他三個(gè)引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句；for 不能放在句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句主要用在形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的句子中。原級(jí)asasnot so / as比較繼: 比較級(jí)+ than最高級(jí)：最高級(jí)+in / of / among no