新GRE閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)題九_GRE閱讀

1、gilEoO5martst 智課網(wǎng)GRE備考資料上噌除網(wǎng).逢為 密楚 / gilEoO5martst 新GRE閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)題九_GRE閱讀新GRE閱讀理解部分需要考生進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)，為了幫助大家更好的備考新GRE考試閱讀理解，下面小編給大家整理了新GRE閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)題，希望考生能夠更好的掌握解題思路。新GRE閱讀理解模擬練習(xí)題及答案如下，希望能為你的新GRE考試增分。Four legal approaches may be followed in attempt ing to cha nnel tech no logical developme nt in socially useful

2、 directi on: specific directives, market incen tive modificati ons, crim inal prohibiti ons, and cha nges in decisi on-mak ing structures. Specific directives in volve the gover nmen ts ide ntify ing one or more factors con trolli ng research, developme nt, or impleme ntati on of a give n tech no lo

3、gy. Directives affect ing such factors may vary from adm ini strative regulati on of private activity to gover nment own ership of a tech no logical operati on. Market incen tive modificati ons are deliberate alterations of the market within which private decisions regarding the development and impl

4、ementation of tech no logy are made.Such modificati ons may con sist of impos ing taxes to cover the costs to society of a give n tech no logy, gra nti ng subsidies to pay for social ben efits of a tech no logy, creati ng the right to sue to preve nt certa in tech no logical developme nt, or eas ing

5、 procedural rules to en able the recovery of damages to compe nsate for harm caused by destructive tech no logical activity. Crimi nal prohibiti ons may modify tech no logical activity in areas impi ngi ng on fun dame ntal social values, or they may modify huma n behavior likely to result from tech

6、no logical applicati on s-for example, the deactivati on of automotive polluti on con trol devices in order to improve vehicle performa nee. Alterati on of decisi on-mak ing structures in cludes all possible modificati ons in the authority, con stituti on, or resp on sibility of private and public e

7、n tities decid ing questi ons of tech no logical developme nt and impleme ntati on. Such alterati ons in clude the additi on of public-i nterest members to corporate boards, the impositi on by statute of duties on gover nmen tal decisi on-makers, and the exte nsion of warra nties in resp onse to con

8、 sumer acti on.Effective use of these methods to con trol tech no logy depe nds on whether or not the goal of regulati on is the optimal allocati on of resources. When the object is optimal resource allocati on, that comb in ati on of legal methods should be used that most nearly yields the allocati

9、on that would exist if there were no external costs resulting from allocating resources through market activity. There are external costs when the price set by buyers and sellers of goods fails to in clude some costs, to anyone, that result from the producti on and use of the goods. Such costs are i

10、ntern alized whe n buyers pay them.Air pollution from motor vehicles imposes external costs on all those exposed to it, in the form of soiling, materials damage, and disease: these exter nalities result from failure to place a price on air, thus maki ng it a free good, com mon to all. Such exter nal

11、ities lead to non optimal resource allocati on, because the private net product and the social net product of market activity are not ofte n ide ntical. If all exter nalities were in ter nalized, tra nsacti ons would occur un til bargaining could no longer improve the situation, thus giving an optim

12、al allocation of resources at a given time.17. The passage is primarily concerned with describing(A) objectives and legal method for direct ing tech no logical developme nt(B) technical approaches to the problem of controlling market activity(C) econo mic procedures for facilitat ing tra nsacti ons

13、betwee n buyers and sellers(D) reas ons for slowi ng the tech no logical developme nt in light of en viro nmen talist objecti ons(E) tech no logical inno vati ons making it possible to achieve optimum allocati on of resources18. The author cites air pollution from motor vehicles in lines 54-56 in or

14、der to(A) revise cost estimates calculated by in clud ing the costs of resources(B) evaluate legal methods used to preve nt tech no logical developme nts(C) give examples of costs not in cluded in buyer-seller barga ins(D) refute hypotheses not made on the basis of mon etary excha nge values(E) comm

15、e nd tech no logical research un dertake n for the com mon welfare19. Accord ing to the passage, tra nsacti ons betwee n private buyers and sellers have effects on society that gen erally(A) are harmful whe n all factors are con sidered(B) give rise to ever-i ncreas ing resource costs(C) reflect an

16、optimal allocation of natural resources(D) encompass more than the effects on the buyers and sellers alone(E) are guided by legal con trols on the developme nt of tech no logy20. It can be inferred from the passage that the author does NOT favor which of the following?(A) Protecti ng the en vir onment for future use(B) Changing the bala nee of power betwee n oppos ing in terests in bus in ess(C) In terve ning in the