英語的語言學試題庫.

1、實用標準文案英語語言學I .Directions : Readeach of the following statements carefully , Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.1 .There are ( )main areas of phonetic study.A.2B.3C.4D.5ANSWER:B2 .The term( linguistics may be defined as a way of refe

2、rring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeANSWER:B3 .Foreign language learning always contain ()A language historical process learning B.input and language learningC in

3、ter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD4 .The wayin which people address each other depends on their age, sex, socialgroup, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin

4、 term. A title+ first nameB title+ titleC title aloneD first name+ last name+ titleANSWER:C5 .Features of the language in fictions are:()A stress and metrical patterning B speech and thought presentation C prose styleD analysis of the textANSWER:BC6 . Which of the following best states the behaviori

5、st view of child language acquisition?()A Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and lang

6、uage use ANSWER:A7 .Words can be identified in terms of ()A a minimum free formB stabilityC relative uninterruptibility D variable or notANSWER:ABC8 .Which is not the features of language?( )A arbitrarinessB dualityC creativityD replacementANSWER:D9 .Approachers to syntax can be:()A the traditional

7、approachB the structural approachC the functional approachD the generative approachANSWER:ABCD10 .Predication analysis is a way to analyze( )meaning.A phoneme B word C phrase D sentenceANSWER:D"Lexical change cannot be a result of ()A phonological changeB semantic changeC analogical changeD ort

8、hographic changeANSWER:C12 .The words that contain only one morpheme are called ( )A bound morphemes B roots C free morphemes D affixesANSWER:B13 .( ) is the study of language in relation to the mind.A Psycholinguistics B Sociolinguistics C Linguistics D SemanticsANSWER:A14 .Which belongs to the mai

9、n branches of linguistics?()A phonetics B metalingy C morphology D syntaxANSWER:ACD15 .Which doesn ' t belong to the main branches of linguistics?()A phonetics B morphology C metalingy D syntaxANSWER:C16 .Voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of ()A the velum B the voc

10、al cords C the glottis D the uvulaANSWER:B17.Sense of“word” contains:()A a physically definable unit B the common factor underlying a set of formsC an essential former of sentences D a grammatical unitANSWER:ABDbroadcast.18 .Different functional speech varieties known as are expected in, say, a chur

11、ch sermon, a diplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports A registers B styles C dialects D accentsANSWER:A19 .Which is not the features of language?()A arbitrarinessB dualityC creativityD replacementANSWER:D20 .We study psycholinguistics because ()A to know about psychological reality of ling

12、uistic structuresB to help the aphasicsC to produce findings which lead to the modification of theoretical ideasD to make it a new tool for studying psychologyANSWER:ACn .Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets(2%x 1

13、0=20%).1 .Realations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.()ANSWER:T2 .Both assimilation and alienation can happen during phonological processes.()ANSWER:T3 .Phone is a phonological unit.( )ANSWER:F4 .The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and ModernEngl

14、ish is nonconventional and not arbitrary.( )ANSWER:F5 .The first pragmatic theory is Conversational Implicature.( )ANSWER:F6 .Father of modern linguistics is Swiss F. de Saussure.( )ANSWER:F7.In the history of any language the writing system always came into beingbefore the spoken form.( )ANSWER:F8.

15、There is merely little difference between data retrieval and informationretrieval.()ANSWER:F9.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikelyto learn a language successfully later on.()ANSWER:T10 . There is no difference between data retrieval and information retrieval.()ANSW

16、ER:F"Language refers to the abstract innate system, however, parole refers to the outcome or what we actually utter/write.( )ANSWER:T12 .There are some relations between language and culture, language andsociety, but they are not deserved to spend a lot of time studying.() ANSWER:F13 .Language

17、acquisition is a hot research topic today, and social, cultural, personal factors are also observed to be affecting.()ANSWER:T14 .Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.()A

18、NSWER:F15 .Realations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy orhyponymy.()ANSWER:T16 .A compound is the combination of two words.( )ANSWER:F17 . Both assimilation and alienation can happen during phonological processes.()ANSWER:T18 .Synchronic describes language by analyzing its develop

19、ment through different period of time, while diachronic describes phenomenonof language of a certain period.()ANSWER:F19 .Language refers to the abstract innate system, however, parole refers to the outcome or what we actually utter/write.( ) ANSWER:T20 .The meaning of a sentence is always the sum t

20、otal of the words in that sentence.() ANSWER:Fm .Directions: Explain the following terms(3%x 5=15%).1 . displacementANSWER: Displacementt as one of the design features of the human languagerefers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present as easily as he does things presently.2

21、.cultural transmissionANSWER:It means that language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation , but that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker.3 .categoryANSWER:Category, in some approaches refers to classes and functions in its narrow sense, m

22、ore specifically, it refers to the defining properties of general units.4 .arbitrarinessANSWER: One design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.5 .Vowl:ANSWER:Are sound segments produced without such obstr

23、uction,so noturbulence of a total stopping of the air can be perceived.6 . lexicon:ANSWER: A list of all the words in a language assigned to various lexical categories and provided with semantic interpretation.7 . linguisticsANSWERiinguistics is the scientific study of language, it studies not just

24、one language of any one society , but the language of all human beings.8 .wordANSWEFWordis a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.IV .Briefly answer the following questions1 .Please list the 4 design feature

25、s of languageANSWER)arbitrariness duality creativity ® displacement2 . Why do linguists say language is human specific?ANSWEFFirst of all , humanlanguage has six “design features " which animal communication systems do not have , at least not in the true sense of them.Secondly , linguists

26、have done a lot trying to teach animals such as chimpanzees to speak a human language but have achieved nothing inspiring.Thirdly , a human child reared among animals cannot speak a human language , not even when he is taken back and taught to lo to so.3 .What does phonology study ? What is the diff

27、erence between phonetics and phonology ?ANSWEFP honology studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.Phonetics is the study of sounds that the humanvoice is capable of creating whereas Phonology is the study of a subset of those

28、 sounds that constitute language and meaning. The first focuses on chaos while the second focuses on order.function Performativecommunion function (64 .List the seven functions of human languages.ANSWER Informative function Interpersonalfunction Metalingual function PhaticRecreational function ®

29、; Emotive functionV .Translation1.In linguistics, it refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language ,or simply, the study of the formation of sentences.ANSWE和語言學上，它是指在一種語言中，對指導文字組合進而形成句子規(guī)則的研究，或簡言之,是對句子構(gòu)成的研究.2.Computer is an electronic machine th

30、at can be used to manipulate dataaccording to a series of instruction stored in its memory and which canperform complex tasks in a very short time.ANSWERS算機是一種電子機器，它可以根據(jù)存放在內(nèi)存里的一系列程序操控數(shù)據(jù)，并可以在非常短的時間內(nèi)完成復雜的任務。3.Speech sounds had existed long before writing wasinvented, and even today, in some parts of t

31、he world, there are still languages that have no writing systems.ANSWE鶴音在書面寫作發(fā)明以前便早已存在了，即使到了今天，世界上一些地方，仍然還只是 存在語言而沒有書寫系統(tǒng)。4. The fact that over the years numerous dictionaries have been produced witha view to explaining the meaning of words also bears witness to its longtradition.ANSWE既年以來，無數(shù)的詞典多次提出以

32、期解釋« word”含義的事實，也見證了其悠久的歷史.5.Language is a product of human intelligence, created anew in each individual by operations that lie far beyond the reach of will or consciousness.ANSWE時言是人類智慧的產(chǎn)物，通過運作被每個個體重新建構(gòu)，而這種運作是遠非意志或意識 所及的.6.It is hard to define“word” in the scientific sense. Nevertheless, itis

33、 agreed that three senses are involved in defining“word” , none of which,of course, is satisfactory to cope with all the situation.ANSWER：難從科學意義上定義“單詞”，不過，在定義“單詞”時，人們普遍認同有三個含義應包含其中一一當然，它們中任何一個都不能單獨令人滿意地應對所有情況。7.It has long been recognized that language is an essential and importantpart of a given cu

34、lture and that the impact of culture upon a given language is something intrinsic and indispensable.ANSWER類早就認識到，語言是某種特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以對某種特定語言的文化沖擊是內(nèi)在的，不可避免的。8 .Meaning has always been a central topic in human scholarship, though the term "semantics “ has only a history of a little over a hundr

35、ed years.ANSWER:語義” 一直是人類學問的核心議題，盡管“語義學”僅有一百年左右的歷史9 .Computer is an electronic machine that can be used to manipulate data according to a series of instruction stored in its memory and which can perform complex tasks in a very short time.ANSWERS算機是一種電子機器，它可以根據(jù)存放在內(nèi)存里的一系列程序操控數(shù)據(jù)，并可以在非常短的時間內(nèi)完成復雜的任務。10.I

36、t has long been recognized that language is an essential and important part of a given culture and that the impact of culture upon a given language is something intrinsic and indispensable.ANSWERS類早就認識到，語言是某種特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以對某種特定語言的文化沖擊是內(nèi)在的，不可避免的。VI .Answer and analyse1、What makes linguistics a sci

37、ence ?ANSWERSince linguistics is the scientific study of language, it ought tobase itself upon the systematic , investigation of language data which aims at discovering the true nature of language and its underlying system. To make sense of the data , a linguist usually has conceived some hypotheses

38、 about the language structure ,to be checked against the observed or observable facts. In order to make his analysis scientific, a linguist is usually guided by four principles:exhaustiveness , consistency , and objectivity.Exhaustiveness meanshe should gather all the materials relevant to the study

39、 and give them an adequate explanation , in spite of the complicatedness. He is to leave no linguistic “stone" unturned; Consistency meansthere should be no contradiction between different parts of the total statement; Economy means a linguist should pursue brevity in the analysis whenit is possible; Objectivity implies that since some people may be subjective in the study,a linguist should be (or sound at least ) objective , matte