高中英語語法之四種名詞性從句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上四種名詞性從句(賓語從句、主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句)講解與練習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句的連詞、語序、時態(tài)和各種變化及特殊用法(直接引證變間接引語也在賓語從句的基礎(chǔ)上還要進(jìn)行人稱、狀語、少數(shù)動詞和句型的變化)是為學(xué)習(xí)其它三種名詞性從句(主從、表從、同位從)做鋪墊，連詞、語序、時態(tài)基本相同，只是后三種考點相對賓.語從句少的多，主要是對連詞的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行考查。所以學(xué)好賓語從句是必要的。賓語從句三注意三特殊一注意:注意引導(dǎo)詞(連詞)由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞為that，that 在口語或非正式文體中可省略;由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞為if或whether

2、;由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞為句子本身的特殊疑問詞，即what, when， where 等。Eg：Tomsays(that)hewillflytoBeijingtomorrow.湯姆說他明天將要坐飛機去北京二注意:注意從句語序.賓語從句的語序應(yīng)該為陳述句語序即“主語+謂語+賓語+其他”。也就是說將疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時，一定要將疑問句語序轉(zhuǎn)變成陳述句語序。Can you tell me what he is doing能告訴我他正在做什么嗎?<特別提醒>當(dāng)疑問句在賓語從句中做主語時，語序不變。Eg：Doyouknowwhatmakeshimsoangry?你知道什么事

3、使他如此生氣嗎？<特別提醒>如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或是科學(xué)事實，其謂語動詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在.時態(tài)。Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.老師告訴我們說太陽比月球大得多。主語從句 (與賓詞從句連詞、語序、時態(tài)相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;)(一)、主語從句是一個句子，在句子中作主語成分。(二)，主語從句的特點1.與賓語從句使用同樣的連接詞，只是if不能用;1)、陳述句用that。2)、一般疑問句用whether。3)、特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who,whe

4、n, where, why, how等詞引導(dǎo)。2.以it為形式主語出現(xiàn)Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round.That the earth is round is true.2.表是否的意思時，不能用if代替whether.It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not.Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided.3.從句語序為主謂賓正常語序。Why didn't he come?Why he didn'

5、t come is not known.（三）特殊疑問詞變化Whoever=no matter who=any one whoWhomever=no matter who=any one whoWhoseever=no matter whose=any one whoseWhichever=no matter which=any one whichWhatever=no matter what=anything thatWhat=先行詞+which/that同位語從句(一)、理解同位語從句的含義，把握同位語從句的實質(zhì)1、在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句;所用連詞與賓語從句(除不能用i

6、f)和主語從句相同2、連詞1)、陳述句用that。2)、一般疑問句用whether.3)、特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who,when, where, why, ho等詞引導(dǎo)。3、常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report,explanation, suggestion, conclusion等 抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說明。例: The news that th

7、ey had won the game soon spread over the whole school他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個學(xué)校。析: they had won the gan說明The news的全部內(nèi)容，因此該句為同位語從句。.(二)、正確運用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語從句1.如同位語從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。(即that不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用)例:The general gave the order that the soldiers should Cross the river at once將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過河的命令。析: the so

8、ldiers should cross the river at o顯the order的全部內(nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。2.如一般疑問句whether做同位語從句的連詞，譯成"是否" (if 不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句)。例: We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time我們將討論運動會是否會如期舉行的問題。析: the sports meeting will be held on tim般 疑問句做同位語從句，原句為: Will the sport

9、s meeting be held on time?3.如同位語是特殊疑問句做同位語從句，連詞就應(yīng)用when,where,how等疑問詞引導(dǎo)例1: I have no idea when he will be back.析: when he will be back原句為When will he be back?例2: I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.析:How did he go home是原句，連詞就How.4.當(dāng)主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，同位語從句常后置。如: The thought came to h

10、im that maybe the enemy had fled the city他突然想到敵人可能已經(jīng)逃出城了。(三)、把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限同位語從句和定語從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同于定語從句。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明，是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分;定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系, 且名詞和定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個系動詞be,使之構(gòu)成-一個新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。如

11、: The report that he was going to resign was false.他將辭職的傳聞是假的。因為the report was that he was going to resign句意通順，所以that he was going to resig顯同位語從句。表語從句1、概述用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動詞之后。2、引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞(所用連詞與賓語從句(除不能用if) .和主語從句相同、同位語從句相同)，不同之處還可用because,As if;as though引導(dǎo)。1)、陳述句用that。2)、一般疑問句用whether。3)、特

12、殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who,when, where, why, howThat引導(dǎo)表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略4、陳述句做表語從句連詞that，that 在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義。.一.般疑問句用whether引導(dǎo)，whether 有詞義，意為、“是否”。 這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題), trouble(麻煩), problem(問題), result(結(jié)果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)， reason(理由)等。 表語從句對主句主語進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。5、由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的表語

13、從句。who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，疑問代詞不能省略。6、由連詞because, as if/as though等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。(1) I don't know _or notA. whether he is at homeB.if he Is at homeCthat he is at homeD.whether is he at home(2) This depends on t_he weather is .fineA. which

14、B.whetherC. ifD. that(3) The teacher asked the new student_class he was inA. whichB.whereC. ifD. that(4) I don't know_Mr Green will come to see us.He 'll help us with our EnglishA.whyB. whenC.howD. where(5)Be careful! Don't break the bottles Do you hear_I said? David?Yes,MumA. whatB. tha

15、tC. why D. if類型二:賓語從句的語序一陳述句語序(1)Did you find out_?A.she was looking for whose childB.whose child was she looking forC.whose child she is looking forD. whose child she was looking for(2)Are you interested in_?A.how did he do itB.he did It howC.how he did itD.he how did it( 3)I don't know _Can yo

16、u tell me?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC.the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are(4)- What did the scientist say?-He said he wondered if_ into space by spaceship one dayA. he had to flyB. he could flyC. can he flyD. could he fly(5)Excuse me, sir. Could

17、 you tell meA. Where the bank nearestB. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank isD. the nearest bank is where類型三:時態(tài)(1) It's 7: 30. I can't believe you_ cooking dinner , yet Sally.A. haven't started B. didn'tC. don't start D hadn't started(2)The teacher told us yesterday that December 25_Christmas DayA. isB. wasC.has beenD. will be .(3)The teacher said that the earth_round the. sunA. goes .B. goC. wentD. will go( 4)We 'd like to tell you that y