2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀七選五解題技巧演練題專題2據(jù)“位”而思-根據(jù)三類空格位置準(zhǔn)解題目

1、2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀七選五解題技巧演練題專題2據(jù)“位”而思_根據(jù)三類空格位置準(zhǔn)解題目2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀七選五解題技巧演練題專題2據(jù)“位”而思_根據(jù)三類空格位置準(zhǔn)解題目2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀七選五解題技巧演練題專題2據(jù)“位”而思_根據(jù)三類空格位置準(zhǔn)解題目第二講據(jù)“位”而思根據(jù)三類空格位置準(zhǔn)解題目上一講從宏觀上解讀了解答閱讀七選五必備的思維意識,是第一遍讀題后對空格匹配選項(xiàng)的初判；但為了確保答案萬無一失,知其然更知其所以然,本講從空格位置及所承擔(dān)的語意關(guān)系層面講解做題技法。本講內(nèi)容與上一講內(nèi)容是相輔相承的，做題時(shí)要綜合靈活運(yùn)用，融會(huì)貫通才能游刃有余.一、設(shè)空在段首若是

2、針對段落小標(biāo)題設(shè)空，其呈現(xiàn)形式應(yīng)和其他小標(biāo)題相同，選項(xiàng)應(yīng)短小精悍，多為名詞詞組、動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句.若段落首句設(shè)空,段首句要么與段落標(biāo)題相關(guān)聯(lián)，要么是段落主題句，選項(xiàng)要具有概括性，要么承接上段,要么是對下文的概括。思考點(diǎn)(一）段落主題句當(dāng)某段開頭處設(shè)空時(shí),通常要填的內(nèi)容是該段的主題句，考生需要認(rèn)真研讀該段內(nèi)容,尤其是設(shè)空處后面的一兩句,確定線索詞，然后從備選項(xiàng)中查找這些線索詞的同義詞、近義詞或關(guān)聯(lián)詞。一般正確選項(xiàng)與空后第一句在內(nèi)容上是連貫且符合邏輯的，在意義上是緊密銜接的。典例1（2019全國卷）_37_ Questions about subject content are generall

3、y welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus （教學(xué)大綱) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight.AThats what they are for.BTurn to an online instructor for help。CIf more information is needed, they will ask。DRemember tha

4、t online professors get a lot of emails。EBelow are some common dos and donts for online learners。FEveryone has taken a notso.great class at one time or another。GAsk questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions。分析：本題考查段落主題句.本段主要介紹了應(yīng)該提問什么樣的問題，所提的問題要確保答案不能顯而易見。本段內(nèi)容圍繞“questions”展開，故G項(xiàng)“提問

5、題，并且要確保所提問題是經(jīng)過深思熟慮的好問題”,符合語境.故選G。思考點(diǎn)(二）承上啟下句當(dāng)非首段的第一句設(shè)空時(shí)，設(shè)空處有可能是承上啟下句,這就要求考生既要熟悉上一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是上一段結(jié)尾的內(nèi)容，又要結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容,使所選答案能夠把兩段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行無縫對接。典例2(2020全國卷)37_BIt_is_traditional_to_bring_a_gift_to_a_housewarming_party。 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stor

6、es。Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isnt a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant._38_ This is often appreciated since at a housewarmi

7、ng there isnt a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will， however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home。Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their

8、new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.39_AThis_isnt_usual_though。AThis isnt usual though。BIt is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party。CYou can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests。DIf youre lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.EIt al

9、so gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.FThe best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.GThis was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.分析：本題考查段落之間的銜接。前面段落所講內(nèi)容為帶禮物，可以是廚房工具、窗簾、藝術(shù)品或綠植。本空承接上文，也應(yīng)與禮物相關(guān)，根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的句子“This is often appreciated s

10、ince at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served?！笨芍?，空處所帶的禮物應(yīng)與食物相關(guān)，故選C。二、設(shè)空在段中當(dāng)設(shè)空在段中時(shí)，通?？疾樵摽张c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的銜接。考查的邏輯關(guān)系：總分關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系和并列關(guān)系7大關(guān)系。有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列銜接詞語：first, second， then, next， later, soon， so， but, however， additionally， whats more, that is， namely, in other words， for on

11、e thing 。.for another等。思考點(diǎn)(一）總分關(guān)系典例3（2017全國卷）The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer._37_We slept in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom。This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off fr

12、om work， recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning。AThis time there was no tent。BThings are going to be improved。CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then， however。EI must say that I have certainly come to enj

13、oy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping。GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析:本題考查總分關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文的描述“我們睡在帳篷里、在篝火上做飯、走很遠(yuǎn)的路去洗澡和上廁所”可知，這次野營比較艱難。設(shè)空處是總體評價(jià),后面是詳細(xì)描述。故選C.思考點(diǎn)（二）解釋關(guān)系典例4(2019全國卷)Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and

14、 asking himself the question： “Should I jump?” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do。Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin。_36_ Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.AThis can affect your work.BSo how should you motivate yourself？CHowever, th

15、is should not discourage you。DSo why should we try to set specific goals?EThey can change according to circumstances.FMotivation is what you need most to do a good job。GWithout motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析：本題考查解釋關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意“動(dòng)力和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一枚硬幣的兩面”,設(shè)空處解釋二者之間的關(guān)系“沒有動(dòng)力，你既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo)，也不能去

16、實(shí)現(xiàn)它。故選G.思考點(diǎn)(三)例證關(guān)系典例5（2016全國卷)There are three main types of cryptography._37_ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language， some letters are used more than others。COnl

17、y people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes， people have tried to break them.EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out。FWith a code book， you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a me

18、ssage is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet。分析:本題考查例證關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意為“有三種主要的密碼術(shù)”.空后接著就給出一個(gè)例子“你可以通過拼寫每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母來隱藏信息”。故選E。思考點(diǎn)(四)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系典例6（2020新高考全國卷）Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking._16_ Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles yo

19、u must master。ADo the opposite.BYou want to be an effective public speaker。CYou dont need to apologize for a minor slip。DWhen it comes to public speaking， less is usually more.EThe objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience。FTake the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listene

20、rs。GHowever， the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.分析：本題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意為“有些人天生就有公眾演講的天賦。設(shè)空處后一句的句意為“你想成為一個(gè)好的公眾演說家嗎？”.根據(jù)邏輯判斷，設(shè)空處應(yīng)與前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故G項(xiàng)“然而，大多數(shù)人之所以能成為有效的演講者，是因?yàn)樗麄兪苓^訓(xùn)練符合語境。思考點(diǎn)（五)因果關(guān)系典例7（2020全國卷)Written communications can often read as cold and dull。Using emojis

21、can add humor and feeling， keeping intention clear._37_， encouraging better and more frequent communication.AMessage with emojis feel more conversationalBEven a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyCSending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeDThe popularity of these platforms is spreadi

22、ng globallyEGiving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyFStudies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceGAn easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform分析：本題考查因果關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“encouraging better and more frequent communication (鼓勵(lì)更好、更頻繁的

23、溝通）可知，設(shè)空處所填的句子是下文的原因。A項(xiàng)“使用表情符號的信息讓人感覺更適合交談”符合語境。故選A。思考點(diǎn)（六)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系典例8(2019全國卷)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths。Remember that goals are flexible。_39_ They also need to be measurable.You must keep t

24、hese points in mind while setting your goals。AThis can affect your work。BSo how should you motivate yourself？CHowever, this should not discourage you。DSo why should we try to set specific goals？EThey can change according to circumstances。FMotivation is what you need most to do a good job。GWithout mo

25、tivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析：本題考查遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。根據(jù)上句“Remember that goals are flexible。（要記住目標(biāo)是靈活的。）”可知，E項(xiàng)“目標(biāo)可以根據(jù)情況做出改變”，承接上文，與上一句為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選E.思考點(diǎn)(七）并列關(guān)系典例9（2020新高考全國卷）Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker。_19_ And like everything else in life, that takes practice.Remember， even w

26、orld champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.ADo the opposite。BYou want to be an effective public speaker.CYou dont need to apologize for a minor slip。DWhen it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.EThe objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.FTake the fe

27、ar out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.GHowever, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be。分析:本題考查并列關(guān)系.由本段第一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker。”及空后一句“And 。takes practice.”可以鎖定B選項(xiàng)為正確答案，它們之間構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。三、設(shè)空在段尾思考點(diǎn)(一)總結(jié)句當(dāng)設(shè)空在段尾時(shí),通常是結(jié)論性、概括性語句，是對上文的概括

28、總結(jié)。如果缺的是結(jié)論性、概括性的語句，考生應(yīng)快速瀏覽七個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)中是否出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞,如so， therefore, as a result， in short, in a word， all in all等詞或短語，快速縮小選擇范圍，再根據(jù)段落主題一致性原則，從而確定正確選項(xiàng)。典例10（2020全國卷）Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness。List all o

29、f your accomplishments and achievements。You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today。_39_AFeeling upset again?BWhere do you start？CNothing is too small to celebrate.DRemember, you are only human.ESet an intention for self。acceptance.FStop comparing yourself with others.GWhen does

30、 the comparison game start？分析：本題考查段落總結(jié)句.由本段首句可知本段主題是“認(rèn)識到你所有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”,段中列舉了一些小的成績，如有了一份工作,拿到了學(xué)位等,段尾對這些成績做了一下總結(jié)：沒有什么事情太小而不值得慶祝。故選C。思考點(diǎn)(二)段落過渡句當(dāng)設(shè)空在非尾段段末時(shí)，也有可能是考查承上啟下的過渡句.假如所缺的是段落間的過渡句，首先可以關(guān)注表示邏輯關(guān)系的銜接詞，再結(jié)合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等原則進(jìn)行答案的選擇。典例11（2017全國卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my we

31、ekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill.cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags。They had nothing in common with me。_36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37_CThe_trip_they_took_me_o

32、n_was_a_rough_one.We slept in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work， recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.AThis time ther

33、e was no tent.BThings are going to be improved。CThe trip they took me on was a rough one。DI was to learn a lot about camping since then, however。EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping。FAfter the trip， my family became quite interested in camping。GThere was no shade as the trees were

34、 no more than 3 feet tall.分析：考查段落過渡句。根據(jù)空處上文“如果三年前有人告訴我，以后我的大部分周末時(shí)間都會(huì)露營，我會(huì)放聲大笑。在我看來，露營者是喜歡讓昆蟲咬、吃不好吃的飯菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋。這些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介紹我去露營的朋友們認(rèn)為這是一次具有開創(chuàng)性的露營.這次露營比較艱難。我們睡帳篷、在篝火上做飯、走很遠(yuǎn)的路去洗澡和上廁所。這次對大自然母親的短暫造訪讓我請了兩天假，要在皮膚嚴(yán)重灼傷后進(jìn)行恢復(fù)，并且還要支付來自醫(yī)生治療我兒子食物中毒的賬單可知，兩段之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以要填一個(gè)承上啟下的過渡句，D項(xiàng)“然而,從那時(shí)起我卻學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于露營的知識”符合語

35、境.故選D。思考點(diǎn)（三)補(bǔ)充信息句段末設(shè)空還有可能是對前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明,這時(shí)要選擇補(bǔ)充性的語句.典例12（2019全國卷)Dont share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses， financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor._39_AThats what they are f

36、or。BTurn to an online instructor for help.CIf more information is needed, they will ask.DRemember that online professors get a lot of emails。EBelow are some common dos and donts for online learners。FEveryone has taken a not。so。great class at one time or another。GAsk questions， but make sure they are

37、 good, thoughtful questions.分析：本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。本段主要講的是“不要把個(gè)人信息和經(jīng)歷告訴教授，如果你需要延長最后期限，向教授解釋處境即可”。C項(xiàng)“如果需要了解更多信息，他們會(huì)問你的是對上文內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說明,符合語境.故選C。隨堂體驗(yàn)落實(shí) Having a learning disability doesnt mean you cant learn.Learning disabilities happen because of the way a persons brain takes in and processes information._1_ The tri

38、ck will be figuring out how you learn best.Learning disabilities arent contagious (傳染的)， but they can be genetic.That means they can be passed down in families through the genes， like many other traits we get from our parents and grandparents。Someone with a learning disability probably has other family members who have had some learning troubles, too。Kids with learning problems are sometimes surprised to find out that one of their parents had similar troubles when he or she was in school._2_Its very hard for