考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京社會(huì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京社會(huì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Itisnoneofyourbusiness;youhavenorightto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disturb

B.interfere

C.interrupt

D.obtain

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞解析。disturb“打擾，妨礙”；interfere“干涉”；interrupt“打斷”；obtain“獲得”。句意：不關(guān)你的事，你沒(méi)有權(quán)利干涉。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Thefirstpartofthispaperisthe______review.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.literature

B.field

C.study

D.phenomenon

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)literature“文學(xué)，文學(xué)作品（literaturereview文獻(xiàn)綜述）”；B選項(xiàng)field“田，地，牧場(chǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)study“學(xué)習(xí)，研究”；D選項(xiàng)phenomenon“現(xiàn)象”。句意：本文的第一部分是______。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里的paper指的是論文，結(jié)合詞組literaturereview，A選項(xiàng)literature符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.寫作題

Livinginanincreasinglycomplexsociety,wefacevariouskindsofcrises.Somepeopleviewcrisesasopportunitiesandencouragethemselvestoconfrontthem,othershavenegativeattitudestowardsthem.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoyouropinionontheissue.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【參考范文】

Itiswell-knownthatweexistinadynamicworldwithvariouscrises.Whenwearefacedwiththem,somepeoplewillseethemaspreciouschancesandconfrontthempositively,whileotherswillchoosetoescapeandfacethemnegatively.Personally,Ithinkcrisescanmakeushardyenoughtosurvivewhateveradversitiesinourlaterlife,anditisimportanttoconfrontthemwithhopeandconfidence.Eventhoseseriouscrises,ifhandledproperly,canbeturnedtoablessingtous,too.

Firstly,asfarasanationisconcerned,crisescanberenderedbeneficial.TakeWenchuanearthquakewhichshookmostofSichuanforexample.ThecrisishascostChinesealot.Housescollapsed,bridgesbrokedownandmanyaffectedareaswerecutofffromtheoutsideworld.Nearlyamillionpeoplelosttheirhomes,tenthousandsofpeoplewereinjuredandanothertenthousandsofpeoplewerekilled.Butoursufferingswon’tgoinvainifweconfrontitpositively.Scientistsaremoredeterminedtoimprovethemeansbywhichweforecastearthquakeswithmoreaccuracy.Weshouldbuildhouseswhichcansurvivethedestructiveearthquakes.Andwealsoshouldbetterthemechanismtofacetheemergenciesandcrisis.

Secondly,crisessometimescontributetoourlifetreasureinawaythatfewcanimagineifwehavehopeandconfidence.Theycanweatherusandmakeusstrongenoughtofaceourselveswhenwefeelweak.Eric,myuncleisacaseinpoint.Hehadhardtimeinhischildhoodgoingthroughsuchafataldisease.Buthedidn’tgiveupthehopeofliving.Eventually,hewassavedbydoctors.Eversincethenhehasbeensogratefultotheworldthathehasbeendoingwhateverhecantogivebackinthesamemeasuretootherfellows.Andnowheislivingahappyandsuccessfullife.

Asawell-knownancientChinesenotiongoes,thepastlessonsifnotforgottencanbegoodteachersforusall.Insteadofavoidingcrises,weshouldtakethelessonsfromcrisesandregardthemasachancefornewgrowth.

4.單選題

Moststaffinthisofficedidnotlikethemanageress,forshewasknowntobesly,selfishand（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manifested

B.manipulative

C.conscientious

D.controversial

【答案】B

【解析】manifested顯然的；manipulative操縱的；conscientious認(rèn)真的；controversial有爭(zhēng)議的。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)填入和sly,selfish意思相近的貶義詞,所以選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

5.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（

）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ingenious“機(jī)靈的”；ambitious“有野心的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：說(shuō)明內(nèi)容模糊不清，因此無(wú)法完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.翻譯題

2.Mobilephoneshaverenewedtheinterpersonalrelationships.Thereisusuallyanoticeonthedoorofthemeetingroom,whichreads,“Pleaseturnoffyourmobilephonesduringthemeeting!”Still,themeetingroominvariablyechoeswiththemobilerings.Althoughweareallordinarypeoplewithfewmattersofgreaturgency,wewillnotturnoffourmobilephonesunlessabsolutelynecessary.Turningonthemobilephonesisasymbolofourcontactwiththeworld.Mobilephonesreflectourhungerforsocialcommunication,ascanalwaysbeseeninaphoneuserwhocomestoasuddenhaltonhisway,staringatthescreenofhismobilephonefortextingregardlessofwhetherheisinthemiddleofaroadorbyapublictoilet.

【答案】2.手機(jī)刷新了人與人之間的關(guān)系。會(huì)議室門口通常貼著一條通告：請(qǐng)與會(huì)者關(guān)閉手機(jī)?？墒菚?huì)議室里的手機(jī)鈴聲仍然響成一片。我們都是普通人，并沒(méi)有多少重要的事情。盡管如此，我們也不會(huì)輕易關(guān)掉手機(jī)。打開(kāi)手機(jī)象征我們與這個(gè)世界的聯(lián)系。手機(jī)反映出我們的“社交饑渴癥”。最為常見(jiàn)的是，一個(gè)人走在路上突然停下來(lái)，眼睛盯著手機(jī)屏幕發(fā)短信，他不在乎停在馬路中央還是廁所旁邊。

7.單選題

Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（

）populatedareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】densely濃密地，密集地；intensely強(qiáng)烈地，緊張地，熱情地；abundantly豐富地，大量地；highly高度地；非常。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為住在小城鎮(zhèn)的人似乎比住在人口稠密地區(qū)的人更友好。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

8.單選題

Newtechnologyismakingthetraditionalfarmingmachineryandmethods（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficient

B.emergent

C.obsolete

D.nostalgic

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。efficient“有效率的”；emergent“緊急的”；obsolete“過(guò)時(shí)的”；nostalgic“懷舊的”。句意：新的科技使傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和方法漸漸過(guò)時(shí)了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Thebarintheclubisforthe（

）useofitsmembers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.extensive

B.exclusive

C.inclusive

D.comprehensive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。extensive大量的，廣泛的；exclusive排外的，獨(dú)有的；inclusive包括的，包含的；comprehensive綜合的，廣泛的。句意：該俱樂(lè)部的酒吧僅供其會(huì)員使用。由空格后的useofitsmembers可知該酒吧僅供其內(nèi)部會(huì)員使用。故B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B。

10.單選題

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms——societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.，whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.

Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor’sviewoftheancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen’sworkisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramifications（影響，后果）ofBachofen’stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintherapidlyincreasedinterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying.

B.Thefailureofhistorianstoverifythatwomenwereevergovernorsofancientsocieties.

C.TheclassingofAmazonswithgiantsandcentaurs.

D.Thewell-establishedunreliabilityofHerodotusasasourceofinformationaboutancientsocieties.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.confusedanddismayed

B.waryandhostile

C.cynicalanddisinterested

D.curiousbutfearful

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.feministshaveshownlittleinterestinancientsocieties

B.Bachofen’sknowledgeofAmazoniancultureisunparalleled

C.reliableinformationabouttheancientworldisdifficulttoacquire

D.ancientsocietiesshowthebestevidenceofwomeninpositionsofpower

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要提到了由于前現(xiàn)代文化的許多可靠的資料難以獲得，所以巴霍芬關(guān)于亞馬遜女性統(tǒng)治社會(huì)的論文具有長(zhǎng)期的參考性和影響力。第二段接著介紹了巴霍芬論文的核心，主要是介紹了亞馬遜女性統(tǒng)治社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)。第三段中作者展開(kāi)討論，認(rèn)為有關(guān)于古代社會(huì)的這些最初記錄的資料或論文存在一些不合理性。最后一段提及了古希臘的男性記錄亞馬遜的女性統(tǒng)治社會(huì)的原因是具有教誨性的，并且提出單靠一些古代的文學(xué)資源或者資料，尤其是古代的神話，來(lái)獲得我們對(duì)古代社會(huì)的印象會(huì)具有一定的誤導(dǎo)性?？膳袛喑鲎髡邔戇@篇文章的主要目的是批判了古代神話在研究并確定古代社會(huì)婦女地位問(wèn)題中的價(jià)值。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“premoderncultures”定位到文章第一段“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.”，可知盡管現(xiàn)代時(shí)期已經(jīng)取得了很多成就，但前現(xiàn)代文化被證明面臨著更多困難：來(lái)源在數(shù)量上受到限制；不完整性；難以理解并且經(jīng)常存在爭(zhēng)議?？膳袛喑鲎髡哧愂龅年P(guān)于前現(xiàn)代文化的知識(shí)來(lái)源的問(wèn)題，包括資源來(lái)源的不完整性（partialcompleteness）、難以解讀性（difficultyofinterpretation）以及數(shù)量受限（limitedquantity），所以不包括restrictedaccessibility，故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“theancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons”定位到文章第三段“...ancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.”可知作者認(rèn)為古希臘對(duì)這種社會(huì)的描述，并不是要過(guò)多地去表現(xiàn)觀察到的歷史事實(shí)——真正的亞馬遜社會(huì)——而是要就婦女在其社會(huì)中的統(tǒng)治地位的預(yù)期后果提供一種道德教訓(xùn)。例如，亞馬遜人經(jīng)常被描述為等同于巨人族和人馬族，他們都是被希臘英雄殺死的敵人。而根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.”可判斷作者對(duì)于古希臘人對(duì)亞馬遜人的描述持有不贊同的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為其存在問(wèn)題。所以下文利用亞馬遜人都是人馬族和半馬族的這種描述，表達(dá)其不合理性，與作者觀點(diǎn)相符，故選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“probablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreece”定位到文章第四段“…thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.”可知，對(duì)于古希臘的男性來(lái)說(shuō)，記錄亞馬遜人的目的是教誨性的，是為了告訴所有的希臘人：從傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)分離出去而形成的女性統(tǒng)治社會(huì)或團(tuán)體都是危險(xiǎn)的，具有毀滅性。可判斷出古希臘的男性對(duì)于女性統(tǒng)治社會(huì)可能會(huì)有反應(yīng)是持有謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度的，并且會(huì)有抵觸敵對(duì)心理。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Bachofen’swork”定位到文章第一段“…premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.”可知前現(xiàn)代文化存在許多問(wèn)題和困難，如資料數(shù)量有限、殘缺不完整、難以理解等問(wèn)題，這使得人們很難得到關(guān)于這些文化的信息或資料，所以一些早期的學(xué)術(shù)研究和著作在現(xiàn)今都未受到挑戰(zhàn)，具有長(zhǎng)期性的影響力，Bachofen的論文和著作就是其中的典例之一?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為Bachofen的論文能夠長(zhǎng)期具有影響力的原因是人們現(xiàn)今很難獲得關(guān)于古代社會(huì)的可靠信息或資料。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Thisisoneofthefewjobsyoucandointhisplaceand___beingcompletelydrunk.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributeto

B.getawaywith

C.makefor

D.tryon

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“contributeto”，意為“有助于，促成，捐獻(xiàn)”，B選項(xiàng)“getawaywith”，意為“僥幸成功，僥幸逃脫”，C選項(xiàng)“makefor”，意為“有助于，促進(jìn)，導(dǎo)致”，D選項(xiàng)“tryon”，意為“試用，試穿”，句意：這是你在這里能做的為數(shù)不多的工作之一，而且還能避免喝醉。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.翻譯題

科學(xué)和技術(shù)作為兩個(gè)不同的范疇，共同起源于人類的生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)。然而隨著勞動(dòng)分工的發(fā)展，兩者卻分道揚(yáng)鑣，各自循著不同的路徑獨(dú)立發(fā)展了?？茖W(xué)的職責(zé)在于認(rèn)識(shí)和揭示自然界的規(guī)律，而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，主要是那些直接掌握生產(chǎn)工具的工匠們的事。

【答案】Scienceandtechnology,thoughbelongingtotwodifferentdomains,originatedfromhumanproductiveactivities.However,withthechangesinthedivisionoflabor,theybegantoseparate,eachdevelopingindependentlyinitsownway.Theroleofscienceinvolvestheunderstandingandrevelationofnaturallawswhiletheprogressoftechnologyreliesheavilyonthosewhohavedirectaccesstothetoolsofproduction.

13.單選題

Wewatchthe（）oftheparachutesallthewayfromtheaircrafttotheground.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decline

B.spiral

C.descent

D.sink

【答案】C

【解析】decline衰落；spiral螺旋上升；descend下降；sink下沉，滲透。根據(jù)句意可知，降落傘是從飛機(jī)上降落到地上，所以選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

14.單選題

Shehastobevery______becauseshehasn’tmuchmoney.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.economical

C.sparing

D.careful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”，B項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，節(jié)約的”，C項(xiàng)sparing“適度的”，D項(xiàng)careful“仔細(xì)的，小心的”。根據(jù)后面的句子hasn’tmuchmoney“沒(méi)有太多錢”可知，空格部分表示“節(jié)省，節(jié)儉”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：她必須非常節(jié)儉，因?yàn)樗龥](méi)有多少錢。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

TheattackonFortSumternearCharlestonprovokedasharpresponsefromtheNorth,whichledtotheAmericanCivilWar.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.demanded

B.elicited

C.expedited

D.defied

【答案】D

【解析】句意：查爾斯頓附近的薩姆特堡遭襲激起了北方的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致了美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。provoked意為“激起，挑釁”。demanded強(qiáng)烈要求，需要；elicited抽出，引出；expedited加快，促進(jìn)，發(fā)出；defied藐視，反抗，挑釁。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

16.單選題

______isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.As就像，作為B.What什么

C.That那個(gè)D.It它

【考查點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句。

【解題思路】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以前半句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾后面整個(gè)主句，空格處要填入一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，而as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)都不能引導(dǎo)非限制定定語(yǔ)從句。

【句意】人們普遍認(rèn)為，經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)取決于生產(chǎn)的順利發(fā)展。

17.單選題

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby"drugs”thataren'treallydrugsatall（

）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.orrather

B.orratherthan

C.butrather

D.butratherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。no...butrather...“不是…而是…”固定搭配。句意：有時(shí)候能幫助緩解病人劇痛的不是真正意義上的藥物，而是不含任何化學(xué)成分的糖衣片。答案C

18.單選題

Pigeonisthecommonnameformembersofafamilyofbirds;smallerspeciesarecommonlyknownasdoves,butsizesofpigeonsanddoves().Thebirds,almostworldwideindistribution,aremostabundantinwarmregions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surpass

B.transcend

C.overlap

D.join

【答案】C

【解析】句意：鴿子是鳥類的統(tǒng)稱;較小的種類通常被稱為鴿子，但是兩種鴿子的大小是差不多的。這種鳥類分布在世界各地，但大多都在溫暖地區(qū)。surpass超越，勝過(guò)；transcend超越，勝過(guò)；overlap重疊；join加入。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

19.單選題

Behaviorsthatwedonotunderstandoftenbecomenearlyinvisible—evenwhen,inretrospect,weseehowtrulystrangetheyare.

WhenIwasapsychiatricresident,wehadafacultymemberwhowasfamousforhismessyoffice:stacksofpapersandoldjournalscoveredeverychairandtableaswellasmuchofthefloor.Oneday,asIwalkedpasttheopenofficedoorwithoneofmysupervisors,hemurmuredmildly,“Oddduck.”Andthatwasasfarasanyoneseemedtoreflectonthispeculiarstateofaffairswithinaninstitutionstaffedbypsychiatrists.Eventually,thefacultymemberhadtobegivenanotherofficeinwhichtoseepatients.

Notsurprisingly,thepsychiatricdiagnosticmanualdoesnotlist“messyroom”intheindex.Butitdoesmentionasymptom:inability“todiscardworn-outorworthlessobjectsevenwhentheyhavenosentimentalvalue.”Itcomesunderthediagnosisobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder,anobscurecousinofthemorefamousobsessive-compulsivedisorder.

Iwasbarelyawareofthediagnosis.Everyerahasmentaldisordersthatforculturalorscientificreasonsbecomepopular.InFreud’sdayitwashysteria.Currently,depressionhasmovedtocentrestage.Butotherailmentsgorelativelyignored,andthisdisorderwasone.

Itcamewithalistofadditionalsymptomsthatappearedtobepeculiarbedfellow:anxietyaboutspendingmoney,excessivedevotiontoworktotheexclusionofleisureactivities,rigidityaboutfollowingrules,perfectionismindoingtasks—attimestothepointofinterferingwithfinishingthem.

Inmoderation,thesymptomsseemedtofitrightinwithourworkaholicculture—perhapsexplainingthelowprofileofthediagnosis.Relentlessworkorientationandperfectionismmayevenbeassetsinrule-and-detail-orientedprofessionslikeaccountingorlaw.

Butwhenthesymptomsaretoointenseorpervasive,theybecomecrippling.Beneathseeminglyadaptivebehaviorsliesacentraldisability.Peoplewiththisdiagnosishaveenormousdifficultymakingdecisions.Theylacktheinternalsenseofcompletionthatmostofusexperienceattheendofachoiceoratask,evenoneassimpleasthrowingsomethingoutormakingapurchase.Inobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder,thisfeelingoccursonlyafterendlessdeliberationandrevision,ifatall.

Theneedtocomeupwiththe“correct”answer,thebestpurchaseortheperfectproposalleadstoexcessruminationovereachdecision.Itcanevenleadtocompleteparalysis.Forsuchpeople,rulesofallkindsareagodsend—theyrepresentpre-madedecisions,open-endedassignments,likewritingpapers,arenightmares.

Forsuchapatientorforapsychiatrist,understandingaclusterofdiagnosticsymptomscanbearevelation.Thepictureleapsoutfromthepreviouslydisorganizedbackground.Butundoubtedly,attimeswecanbecometooreductionistic,seeingpatternswherenoneexist:sometimesamessyroomisjustamessyroom.

6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeople’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember?

7.Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime,accordingtotheauthor,is____.

8.Thereasonwhysymptomsofthe“obsessive-compulsivedisorder”gounnoticedisthat____.

9.Rulesaregodsendtopersonswiththeobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderbecause____.

10.Fromthelastparagraphwecanseethattheauthor’sviewisthat____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theydislikedhim,andthat’swhyhegothisseparateroomtoseepatients.

B.Theythoughtheisalittlestrange,butdidn’tpaymuchattentiontohisbehavior.

C.Theywereinterestedinhisbehavior,astheywereallpsychiatrists.

D.Theythoughthehadsomementalretardation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.hysteria

B.depression

C.messiness

D.obsessive-compulsivedisorder

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyarehighlythoughtofinaccordingtolaw

B.someofthemildsymptomsfitinwithaworkaholicculture

C.theyhavealowprofile

D.theytakealongtimetobecomeintenseorpervasive

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theydonotinvolvedecisionmaking

B.theyareopen-endedassignments

C.theyleadtocompleteparalysis

D.theyaremadebyothers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.amessyroomisjustamessyroom

B.amessyroomisanindicationoftheobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder

C.psychiatristsshouldpayattentiontoamessyroom

D.psychiatristsshouldseepatternsofseeminglydisorganizedbehaviors,butshouldn’tbetooreductionistic

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribespeople’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember?下列哪項(xiàng)最好地描述了人們對(duì)那位同事的態(tài)度？

A.Theydislikedhim,andthat’swhyhegothisseparateroomtoseepatients.A.他們不喜歡他，所以他才有單獨(dú)的房間去看病。

B.Theythoughtheisalittlestrange,butdidn’tpaymuchattentiontohisbehavior.B.他們覺(jué)得他有一點(diǎn)兒奇怪，但是沒(méi)有太注意他的行為。

C.Theywereinterestedinhisbehavior,astheywereallpsychiatrists.C.他們對(duì)他的行為感興趣，因?yàn)樗麄兌际蔷癫♂t(yī)生。

D.Theythoughthehadsomementalretardation.D.他們認(rèn)為他有智力障礙。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞people’sattitudetowardsthefacultymember定位到原文第2段。本段第3句提到作者和他的一位同事“路過(guò)那個(gè)醫(yī)生的房間時(shí)，這個(gè)同事說(shuō)（hemurmuredmildly）‘奇怪的家伙（Oddduck）’”，并且第4句說(shuō)“在一個(gè)由精神科醫(yī)生組成的機(jī)構(gòu)里，這似乎是所有人對(duì)這種奇特狀況的反映（thatwasasfarasanyoneseemedtoreflect）?！庇纱丝芍?，人們都覺(jué)得這個(gè)醫(yī)生的行為很奇怪，但他們對(duì)這種行為的反應(yīng)也僅限于說(shuō)一句奇怪而已，B選項(xiàng)“他們覺(jué)得他有一點(diǎn)兒奇怪，但是沒(méi)有太關(guān)注他的行為”，符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們不喜歡他，所以他才有單獨(dú)的房間去看病”，雖然原文第2段最后一句提到“最后，不得不另外給這名醫(yī)生分配一間診室看病（hadtobegivenanotherofficeinwhichtoseepatients）”，但是原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)之所以這么做是因?yàn)槿藗儾幌矚g他，并且原文也沒(méi)有說(shuō)人們不喜歡他，只是說(shuō)覺(jué)得他奇怪，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理；

C選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)他的行為感興趣，因?yàn)樗麄兌际蔷癫♂t(yī)生”，原文提到人們的反應(yīng)也不過(guò)是說(shuō)一句奇怪而已，說(shuō)明人們對(duì)他的行為不感興趣，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為他有智力障礙”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

7.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime,accordingtotheauthor,is____.據(jù)作者介紹，目前流行的精神障礙是____。

A.hysteriaA.癔癥

B.depressionB.抑郁癥

C.messinessC.混亂

D.obsessive-compulsivedisorderD.強(qiáng)迫癥

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Thepopularmentaldisorderofcurrenttime定位到原文第4段。本段第2句提到“每個(gè)時(shí)代都有因文化或科學(xué)原因而流行的精神障礙（mentaldisorders）?！绷硗?，本段倒數(shù)第2句提到“目前（Currently），抑郁癥（depression）已成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)?！庇纱丝芍?，B選項(xiàng)“抑郁癥”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“癔癥”，可定位到原文第4段第3句，該句提到“在弗洛伊德的時(shí)代（InFreud’sday），這是癔癥（hysteria）?！庇纱丝芍Y是弗洛伊德時(shí)代流行的精神疾病，而不是現(xiàn)在，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“混亂”原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)迫癥”，雖然原文第3段提到了強(qiáng)迫性人格障礙（obsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorder），但是第4段最后一句說(shuō)到這是現(xiàn)在“被忽視的（relativelyignored）疾病之一”，因此，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于曲解原文。

8.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thereasonwhysymptomsofthe“obsessive-compulsivedisorder”gounnoticedisthat____.“強(qiáng)迫癥”的癥狀沒(méi)有被注意到的原因是____。

A.theyarehighlythoughtofinaccordingtolawA.根據(jù)法律它們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)很高

B.someofthemildsymptomsfitinwithaworkaholiccultureB.一些輕微的癥狀符合工作狂的文化

C.theyhavealowprofileC.這些癥狀不引人注目

D.theytakealongtimetobecomeintenseorpervasiveD.它們需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才會(huì)變得強(qiáng)烈或普遍

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞obsessive-compulsivedisorder和gounnoticed定位到原文第4段最后一句，該句提到“強(qiáng)迫癥在當(dāng)今時(shí)代被忽略了”。接下來(lái)的第5-6段對(duì)此進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步介紹。第6段第1句提到“適度地情況下（inmoderation），這些癥狀似乎符合我們的工作狂文化（fitrightinwithourworkaholicculture）——這也許可以解釋為什么該癥狀的診斷不那么引人注目”，由此可知，強(qiáng)迫癥不那么引人注目可能是因?yàn)樵谶m度的時(shí)候，符合工作狂的文化，B選項(xiàng)“一些輕微的癥狀符合工作狂的文化”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)法律它們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)很高”，原文第6段最后一句提到“不懈的工作導(dǎo)向和完美主義甚至可能是會(huì)計(jì)或法律等注重規(guī)則和細(xì)節(jié)的職業(yè)（inrule-and-detail-orientedprofessionslikeaccountingorlaw）的資產(chǎn)。”由此可知，原文指的是在法律行業(yè)，輕度的強(qiáng)迫癥會(huì)被認(rèn)為是優(yōu)勢(shì)，并不是說(shuō)法律要求給強(qiáng)迫癥很高的評(píng)價(jià)，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“這些癥狀不引人注目”，這是“它不受關(guān)注”的另一種說(shuō)法，而不是原因；

D選項(xiàng)“它們需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才會(huì)變得強(qiáng)烈或普遍”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

9.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Rulesaregodsendtopersonswiththeobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisorderbecause____.規(guī)則是強(qiáng)迫癥患者天賜的禮物，因?yàn)開(kāi)___。

A.theydonotinvolvedecisionmakingA.它們不涉及決策

B.theyareopen-endedassignmentsB.它們是開(kāi)放式作業(yè)

C.theyleadtocompleteparalysisC.它們會(huì)導(dǎo)致完全癱瘓

D.theyaremadebyothersD.它們是別人制定的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Rulesaregodsend定位到原文第8段最后一句，該句提到“對(duì)這些人來(lái)說(shuō)，各種各樣的規(guī)則都是天賜的禮物——它們代表著預(yù)先做出的決定”，由此可知，規(guī)則代表著預(yù)先做出的決定。第8段第1句提到“需要想出‘正確的’答案，最好的購(gòu)買或完美的建議導(dǎo)致對(duì)每個(gè)決定的過(guò)度思考（excessruminationovereachdecision）?！庇纱丝芍?，強(qiáng)迫癥患者不擅長(zhǎng)做決定。綜上所述，因?yàn)橐?guī)則是已經(jīng)做好的決定，所以對(duì)于不擅長(zhǎng)做決定的人來(lái)說(shuō)是天賜的禮物。因此，A選項(xiàng)“它們不涉及決策”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“它們是開(kāi)放式作業(yè)”，可定位到原文第8段最后一句，該句提到，對(duì)強(qiáng)迫癥患者來(lái)說(shuō)，“開(kāi)放式作業(yè)（open-endedassignments），比如寫論文，都是噩夢(mèng)（nightmares）。”由此可知，首先規(guī)則并不是開(kāi)放式的作業(yè)；其次，開(kāi)放式的作業(yè)對(duì)強(qiáng)迫癥患者來(lái)說(shuō)并不是天賜的禮物，反而是他們不擅長(zhǎng)的，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)導(dǎo)致完全癱瘓”，可定位到第8段第2句，該句提到“它甚至?xí)?dǎo)致完全癱瘓?！钡锹?lián)系前一句可知，“它”指的是“需要想出‘正確的’答案，最好的購(gòu)買或完美的建議”，即對(duì)完美的追求，而不是“規(guī)則”，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；