高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解第三部分名人故事練習(xí)

第三部分名人故事(三)11.MarkTwain,WelcomeAmericanHumorist馬克?吐溫—受歡迎的美國(guó)幽默作家馬克?吐溫，真名塞姆?朗赫恩?克列門斯(SamuelLanghorneClemens),是美國(guó)的幽默大師、小說(shuō)家、作家，亦是著名演說(shuō)家。短篇小說(shuō)《百萬(wàn)英磅》 、《競(jìng)選州長(zhǎng)》 和長(zhǎng)篇《哈克貝里?芬歷險(xiǎn)記》、《湯姆?索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》最為人們所稱道。 海倫?凱勒曾言：“我喜歡馬克吐溫——誰(shuí)會(huì)不喜歡他呢即使是上帝，亦會(huì)鐘愛他，賦予其智慧，并于其心靈里繪畫出一道愛與信仰的彩虹?！蓖?福克納稱馬克?吐溫為“第一位真正的美國(guó)作家， 我們都是繼承他而來(lái)”。OneofthebestknownAmericanwritersisSamuelLanghorneClemens,whosepennameisMarkTwain.Bornin1855,TwaingrewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibal,Missouri.Asdidmanyotherboysofhisday,Twaindreamedoftravelingonriverboatsandofsomedaybecomingariverboatpilot.Twainusedhismemoriesofthelifeofarivertowninhistwomostfamousbooks,theAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandtheAdventuresofTomSawyer.AsayoungmanTwainheldmanyjobs.Hewasaprinter,agoldminer,andforatime,hewasariverboatpilot.Duringhispilotdays,headoptedthenameMarkTwain.Thiswasatermusedbytheboatmentomeanthatthewatermeasuredtwofathoms,ortwelvefeet,whichwasdeepenoughforsafepassage.FinallyTwainbecameasuccessfulwriter.Hetraveledagreatdeal,writingandspeaking,andbecameverypopularbothintheUnitedStatesandinEurope.Twain'sstyleofwritingwassimpleanddirect.Amongthethingshewroteaboutweresuperstitiouspeopleandpeoplewhowereeasilyfooled.Heusedhisunusualgiftforhumortowriteaboutmanythingsofimportance.ComprehensionQuestions:SamuelLanghorneClemens wasasfamousasMarkTwain.isbetterknownthanMarkTwain.grewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibalwithMarkTwainashisfriend.wasusedbyMarkTwainashispenname.A.atermtoindicateMarkTwain.adepthatwhichboatscansafelypass.wasusedbyboatmentomeasurethedepthofwater.consideredtobedeepenoughforpilotstoswimacrosstheriver.5.Twain’sstyleofwritingis___ ___A.humorousB.simpleC.direct D.alloftheabove.(DDBBD)12.CharlesDickens,OneoftheGreatestEnglishWriters查爾斯 ?狄更斯—英國(guó)最偉大的作家之一查爾斯?狄更斯，是英國(guó)文學(xué)史上唯一可與莎士比亞媲美的偉大作家。 1812年2月7日生于樸次茅斯市郊，1870年6月9日卒于羅切斯特附近的蓋茨山莊。一生共創(chuàng)作長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)13部半，其中多數(shù)是近百萬(wàn)言的大部頭作品，中篇小說(shuō)20余部，短篇小說(shuō)數(shù)百篇，以及大量演說(shuō)詞、書信、散文、雜詩(shī)。其中，《圣誕頌歌》、《大衛(wèi)?科波菲爾》、《雙城記》最為人們所稱道。他多次去歐洲大陸游歷、旅居，兩次訪問(wèn)美國(guó)。WhenCharlesDickenswasasmallboy,hewassentbyhisparentstoworkinaboot-blackingfactory.Hisparentshadotherchildrenandmanydebtstopay.Charles'sfatherwasputintoprisonforhisdebts.Theboytriedtoraisemoneyenoughtogethimoutbutwasunsuccessful.Atlast,thewholefamilywenttolivewithCharles'sfatherinhisroomintheMarsalseaprison.Thiswasacommonpracticeand,whiletheprisonercouldnotleavethegrounds,thefamiliescouldgoinandoutfreelyuntilthegatewaslockedatnight.Fortherestofhisdays,Dickenswasinterestedinprisons.Wheneverhetraveledthroughstrangetownsandcities,hewenttovisitthem,asothertouristswouldvisitmuseumsandpalaces.Almosteverybookhewrotehasaprisonandsomeprisonersinit.Hehadbeenbornin1812andhadstayedbusyatonekindofworkoranotherfromthetimehewassixyearsofage.Hediedofasuddenstrokein1870.HeprovidedtheworldwithitsclearestpictureofthetextureofEnglishlifeduringthe1800's,onewithoutwhichreaderswouldneverknowthesounds,smells,andtastesofthoselong-agodays.theboycouldn'traiseenoughmoney.hecouldn'treturnthemoneyhehadborrowedfromothers.theboywasunsuccessfulinmakingenoughmoneyintheboot-blackingfactory.theboywastoosmalltosavehim.Thecommonpracticeofthosedayswas thefamilyshouldgotolivetogetherwiththeprisoner.thefamilymembersshouldremaininprisonuntiltheprisonerwassetfree.thefamilymemberscouldstaywiththeprisonerandhavefreedomtoleaveorentertheprisoninthedaytime.thefamilymemberscouldgoinandoutoftheprisonatanytime.ThedifferencebetweenCharlesDickensandothertouristsliesinthat helikedtovisitprisonswhileothersdidn't.helikedtovisitpalaceswhileothersdidn't.hewasnotinterestedinprisonswhileotherswere.othersshowedmoreinterestinprisonsthanhim.IfyoureadCharlesDickens’snovels,youcan seeaclearestpicture.hearthesounds,enjoythesmellsandtastesofthoselong-agodays.knowveryclearlywhatthelifeofthenineteenthcenturyEnglandwaslike.knowclearlyhowheandhisfamilylivedintheprison.(BBCAC)Goethe,Germany’sGreatestPoet歌德—德國(guó)最偉大的詩(shī)人約翰?沃爾夫?qū)?歌德(1749—1832),是18世紀(jì)中葉到19世紀(jì)初德國(guó)和歐洲最重要的作家、詩(shī)人。歌德是德國(guó)狂飆突進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的主將，其作品充滿了反叛精神，在詩(shī)歌、戲劇、散文等方面都有較高的成就。主要作品有劇本《葛茲?馮?伯里欣根》 、中篇小說(shuō)《少年維特的煩惱》、未完成的詩(shī)劇《普羅米修斯》和詩(shī)劇《浮士德》的雛形《原浮士德》。此外還寫了許多抒情詩(shī)和評(píng)論文章。他對(duì)世界文學(xué)寶庫(kù)的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，使他成為世界文化名人，每年逢他的生日，各國(guó)文藝界都舉行紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。hisclosefriendKestner.Brokenhearted,hereturnedtoFrankfurtandlaterdiscoveredthatKestnerhadkilledhimself.TheseeventsformthebasisofhisbeautifulnovelTheSorrowofYoungWerther,themostimportantliteraryworkoftheearlyRomanticperiod.In1786GoethetouredItaly,andthishadastronginfluenceonhiswork,allowinghimtojoinhisearlierRomanticstylewiththeClassicideaofGreeceandRome.Hismasterpiece,Faust,publishedin1831,wastheproductoffiftyyearsofwork.ItisthegreatestdramaticpoemintheGermanlanguage.GoethediedatWeimarin1832.HeleftbehindhimareputationasoneofEurope'sforemostwritersandphilosophers.Todaythereputationisstrongerthanever.ComprehensionQuestions:WhenwementionthetownofFrankfurt weoftenthinkofJohannWolfgangvonGoethebecause Germany'sgreatestliterarymanGoethewasbornthere.GoetheleftFrankfurtmanytimes.GoethealwaysthoughtofFrankfurtashishome.GoethelovedFrankfurt.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue ThedoorofthehousewhereGoetheoncelivedisalwaysopen.PeopleallovertheworldcangoandvisitthehousewhereGoetheoncelived.TheroominthehousewhereGoetheoncelivedistheGoetheMuseum.TherearemanypaintingsanddocumentsaboutGoethe'slifeandworkinthehousewhereheoncelivedThethirdparagraphofthepassagetellsus thatGoethefellinlovewithhisclosefriendKestner'sgirlfriend.Goethe'sreturntoFrankfurt.thatGoethewasverysadoverthedeathofhisclosefriendKestner.whatformedthebasisofGoethe'sbeautifulnovelTheSorrowofYoungWerther.WinstonChurchill,FamousBritishStatesman,OratorandWriter溫斯頓 ?丘吉爾—英國(guó)著名政治家、演說(shuō)家和作家溫斯頓?丘吉爾，英國(guó)著名政治家、演說(shuō)家、作家和記者， 1953年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主。曾于1940－1945年和1951－1955年期間兩度任英國(guó)首相，被認(rèn)為是 20世紀(jì)最重要的政治領(lǐng)袖之一，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)英國(guó)獲得第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的勝利。此外，他還是被公認(rèn)為世界上掌握英語(yǔ)詞匯量最多的人(約5萬(wàn)多) 。WinstonChurchill(1874 —1965)wasbornintoafamedfamily.Hisfatherwasasuccessful politician. InOctober1900,ChurchillwaselectedtoParliamentforthefirsttime.In1939,GermanyattackedPoland,andthefollowingyear,hebecamethePrimeMinisterofEngland.Francefell.TheGermanscrushedWesternEurope.Britainwasontheedgeofcompletedefeat.Wasitnotpossibletoaskforpeace,andmaketalkswithHitlerChurchillspoke,“Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,tearsandsweat ???.Youaskword:Victory!whatisouraimIcananswerinoneword:Victory!TheGermansbegangatheringtheirarmiesontheFrenchcoastandpreparedtoinvadeBritain.TheBritishhadnotenoughriflestogoaround.Churchillgavetheanswer,“Weshalldefendourisland,whatevercostmaybe,weshallfightonth ebeaches,weshallfightonthelandground,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills,weshallneversurrender. ”Byhiscourage,hardworkandfaith,Churchillinspiredhispeople.VictoryfinallycamewhentheGermansweredefeatedattheendofWorldWarII.Hereisawell-knownstorytoldaboutChurchill.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,WinstonChurchillwastheBritishprimeminister.OnedayhehadtogototheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)tomakeanimportantspeechtothenation.Anhourbeforethetimeofhisspeech,hestoppedataxiinthestreetandaskedthedrivertotakehimtotheBBC,butthetaxidriver,whodidnotrecognizehim,saidhecouldnottakehimanywherejustthen,becausehewantedtogobacktohishomeattheotherendofLondontohearChurchillmakeaspeechontheradio.“Francefell.”Heretheword“fell”means A.felldownB.gaveup C.wasdefeatedD.wassurroundedFacingtheGermans'invasion,Churchilldecided todefendBritainwithblood,tearsandsweat.togetmoreriflestogoaround.togivein.D.toinspirehispeople.ThedriverrefusedtotakeChurchilltotheBBCbecause hehatedChurchill.hehadsomethingimportanttodo.hewantedtogohomeintheoppositedirection.Churchillofferedhimtoolittlemoney.FromthestorywecouldlearnthatChurchillwas amodestman.agreatman.agenerousman.fondoflisteningtogoodwords.(BCABA)15.WilhelmKonradRontgen,DiscovererofX-rays威廉?康拉德 ?倫琴— X射線的發(fā)現(xiàn)者X射線的發(fā)現(xiàn)者威廉?康拉德?倫琴，于1845年出生在德國(guó)尼普鎮(zhèn)。發(fā)現(xiàn)X射線的全部功勞都應(yīng)歸于倫琴，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)是前所未料的。而且他的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)貝克雷爾及其他研究人員都有重要的促進(jìn)作用。1901年，倫琴獲得諾貝爾物理獎(jiǎng)，是獲得該項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)的第一人。他于1923年在德國(guó)慕尼黑與世長(zhǎng)辭。Ifyoubreakyourarmorleg,youwillbeprobablysenttohospitaltohaveanX-rayphototakentofindoutjustwherethebreakisandwhatkindofbreak itis.Ifachildswallowsahardthing,asso