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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京政法職業(yè)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational(
)areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.requirement
B.dominance
C.prerequisite
D.priority
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)requirement“所需的東西,必要條件”;B選項(xiàng)dominance“支配,控制”;C選項(xiàng)prerequisite“先決條件,前提”;D選項(xiàng)priority“優(yōu)先事項(xiàng),首要事情,優(yōu)先”。由Moststatesemphasizederadicationofviolence,particularlydomesticviolence,asaNational_______areainnationalcrimepreventionstrategies.(大多數(shù)國家強(qiáng)調(diào)消除暴力,特別是家庭暴力,作為國家犯罪預(yù)防政策的______領(lǐng)域)可知D選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意:大多數(shù)國家強(qiáng)調(diào)消除暴力,特別是家庭暴力,作為國家犯罪預(yù)防政策的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域。
2.單選題
GeorgeWashington().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.alwayswillandalwayshasbeenanAmericanhero
B.alwayshasandalwayswillanAmericanhero
C.alwayshasandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero
D.alwayshasbeenandalwayswillbeanAmericanhero
【答案】D
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)和一般將來時態(tài)的用法。在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中,如果謂語中有名詞短語時,此時要借助been來一起組成其謂語成分,即have/hasbeen+名詞短語;在一般將來時態(tài)中,如果謂語動詞中有名詞短語,此時要借助be來一起組成其謂語成分,即be+名詞短語。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。句意:GeorgeWashington一直都是一位美國英雄,并將永遠(yuǎn)是。
3.單選題
Itwasashrewdmove____tobuythehousejustbeforepropertypricesstartedtorise.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.onherpart
B.athand
C.atherexpense
D.onrecord
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.onherpart在她那方面B.athand在附近;在手邊
C.atherexpense由她付錢D.onrecord記錄在案的;公開發(fā)表的
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接
【解題思路】前文內(nèi)容為“這是一個精明的舉動”,空格處所填短語修飾的是這句話;原句中it作形式主語,真正的主語是后面的不定式“在房價剛開始上漲時就買這所房子”這個舉動。A選項(xiàng)onherpart“在她那方面”符合原句語義銜接,即從她的角度來看,這是一個精明的舉動。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
B選項(xiàng)athand“在附近;在手邊”,不符合原句語義銜接;
C選項(xiàng)atherexpense“由她付錢”,修飾的是“買房子”,應(yīng)置于tobuythehouse的后面,而題干空格處位于tobuythehouse之前;
D選項(xiàng)onrecord“記錄在案的;公開發(fā)表的”,不符合原句語義銜接。
【句意】她在房價剛開始上漲時就買了這所房子,真是精明之舉。
4.單選題
Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,asfamiliessawa(n)________infemalebreadwinners.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.raise
B.rise
C.arise
D.increase
【答案】D
【解析】考查近義詞辨析。由前后得知空白處需要填一個可數(shù)名詞。作名詞時,raise“提高,升”,表示某事物升了級別;rise“上升,增加”通常指數(shù)量增加或水平提高,為不可數(shù)名詞;arise沒有名詞用法;increase“增加,增加額”,指大小和強(qiáng)度增加。句意:新的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,因?yàn)榧彝ブ袙赍X女性人數(shù)的增加,去年全職爸爸的數(shù)量達(dá)到了歷史新高。因此只有D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.單選題
Inanenvironmentallyconscioustweakonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable,growingnumbersofpeopleareskippingoutongrocerystoresandevenfarmersmarketsandinsteadgoingrighttothesourcebybuyingsharesoffarms.
Ononeofthefarms,hereabout35mileswestofChicago,SteveTriskowasweedingbeetstheotherdayandcuttingbackashadetreesobabytomatoescouldgetsunlight.Mr.Triskoisaretiredcomputerconsultantwhoownssharesinthefour-acreErehwonFarm.
“Wedecidedthatit’sinourinteresttohaveasmallfarmsucceed,andhavethembeabletohaveasustainablefarmproducinggoodfood,”Mr.Triskosaid.
PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.About150peoplehaveboughtsharesinErehwon—inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.
TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.Therewerefewerthan100suchfarmsintheearly1990s,butinthelastseveralyearsthenumbershavegrowntocloseto1,500,accordingtoacademicexpertswhohavefollowedthetrend.
“Ithinkpeoplearebecomingmorelocal-minded,andthisfitsrightintothat,”saidNicholeD.Nazelrod,programcoordinatorattheFultonCenterforSustainableLivingatWilsonCollegeinChambersburg,Pa.,anationalclearinghouseforcommunity-supportedfarms.“Peopleareseeingwaystocometogetherandworktogethertomakethissuccessful.”
TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.Arrangementsoffresh-cutblossomstwiceamonthcanbeincludedforanextra$120—orforthedeluxepackage,$220will“feedthesoul”withweeklybouquetsofliliesandsunflowersandotherlocalblooms.
Shareholdersarenotrequiredtoworkthefields,buttheycaniftheywant,andmanydo.Mr.Triskosaidhisfamilyknowsthatwithouthisvolunteerlaborandagreementtoshareinthefinancialriskofraisingcrops,thesmallorganicfarmmightnotsurvive.“It’sveryhardforthemtomakeendsmeet,”hesaid,“soIdecidedtogooutandhelp.Weharvest,water,pullweeds,whatevertheyneeddoing.”
Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward—startedwithtwoshareholders,reacheditsgoalof140lastyear,andnowhasraiseditstargettoabout200members.
1.Accordingtothepassage,growingnumbersofpeoplebuysharesoffarmsbecausethey().
2.ErehwonFarmdiffersfromthetraditionalfarmsinthatitis().
3.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatcommunity-sponsoredfarm().
4.TheaverageshareholdersofErehwonFarmareentitledto().
5.ItisimpliedthatErehwonFarm().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.areconsciousofenvironmentalproblems
B.abandonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable
C.nolongerdependongrocerystoresandfarmersmarkets
D.liketogrowvegetablesthemselvesinthesuburbanfarms
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.verysmall
B.veryefficient
C.community-supportedagriculture
D.sharedbypeoplefromdifferentplaces
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.isanewconceptemergingintheU.S.A
B.hastocombatwithsmall-scalefarming
C.isgraduallytakingshapeinAmericanagriculture
D.isverypopularasboomingagricultureintheU.S.A
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.cometogetherandworktogetheronthefarm
B.getaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetables
C.enjoypackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900
D.buy$120-$220fresh-cutblossomstwiceamonth
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.comesfromthebackwardspelledword“nowhere”
B.isafictionalnameandthereisnosuchafarmintheU.S.A
C.it’sveryhardtosurviveowingtoitssmallsize
D.developssoundly,inspiteofitsfinancialdifficulties
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一自然段的內(nèi)容“環(huán)保意識改變了將食物端上桌的傳統(tǒng)方式,相反,越來越多的人轉(zhuǎn)向了雜貨店甚至農(nóng)貿(mào)市場,通過購買農(nóng)場的股份來直接獲取來源?!庇纱丝芍?,越來越多的人買農(nóng)場股份是受到環(huán)保意識的影響,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.Erehwon是松散卻不斷壯大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分,主要通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)動員起來,他參與的是所謂的社區(qū)支持農(nóng)業(yè)?!币约氨径巫詈笠痪洹癷nessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.從本質(zhì)上說,就是雇傭私人農(nóng)場主,顛覆舊的佃農(nóng)制度。”由此可知,Erehwon農(nóng)場和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)場的不同之處在于它是社區(qū)支持的農(nóng)業(yè),選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第五段第一句“TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.這一概念是在20世紀(jì)80年代從歐洲和亞洲引進(jìn)的,作為一種替代性的銷售和籌資安排,來幫助克服小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)通常高昂的費(fèi)用。”由此可知,這不是一個新的概念,而且是來幫助而不是來和小規(guī)模農(nóng)場競爭的,所以選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)B均表述錯誤;根據(jù)本段第二句“Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.但直到最近,它才慢慢生根發(fā)芽”可知,這一概念剛剛生根發(fā)芽,還沒有初步成形,所以選項(xiàng)C錯誤;根據(jù)本段最后一句的內(nèi)容可知,像Erehwon這樣的農(nóng)場由以前的不到100家到現(xiàn)在增長到接近1500家,說明社區(qū)支持的農(nóng)業(yè)在美國蓬勃發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè)非常受歡迎。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第一句“TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.ErehwonFarm的股東可以自由使用土地,并保證獲得當(dāng)季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例,金額從300美元到900美元不等?!庇纱丝芍?,選項(xiàng)B符合原文。選項(xiàng)A目前還沒有實(shí)現(xiàn);選項(xiàng)C曲解了原文的意思;選項(xiàng)D不是普通股東享有的權(quán)利,所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。
5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward…Erehwon這個詞是由‘nowhere’倒著寫的”,由此可知,選項(xiàng)A符合原文。選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有信息提及;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,Erehwon農(nóng)場不是由于規(guī)模小而無法生存,屬于曲解原文句意,所以選項(xiàng)C不正確;原文也沒有提及財(cái)政問題,所以選項(xiàng)D也不正確。
6.翻譯題
一九七八年,我們黨召開具有重大歷史意義的十一屆三中全會,開啟了改革開放歷史新時期。從那時以來,中國共產(chǎn)黨人和中國人民以一往無前的進(jìn)取精神和波瀾壯闊的創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐,譜寫了中華民族自強(qiáng)不息、頑強(qiáng)奮進(jìn)新的壯麗史詩,中國人民的面貌、社會主義中國的面貌、中國共產(chǎn)黨的面貌發(fā)生了歷史性變化。改革開放是黨在新的時代條件下帶領(lǐng)人民進(jìn)行的新的偉大革命,目的就是要解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力,實(shí)現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化,讓中國人民富裕起來,振興偉大的中華民族。
【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.
7.單選題
Itisa()_truththatmanistheonlyanimalthathasthepowertospeakandreason.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.corporate
B.virtual
C.universal
D.indefinite
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)corporate“法人的,共同的”。B選項(xiàng)virtual“虛擬的”。C選項(xiàng)universal“普遍的,全世界的”。D選項(xiàng)indefinite“不確定的,無限的”。句意:人類是唯一具有說話和推理能力的動物,這是一個公認(rèn)的事實(shí)。本句表示“人類是僅有的具有說話和推理能力的動物,這是一個普遍公認(rèn)的事實(shí)?!币虼薈選項(xiàng)符合題意。
8.單選題
9.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Quitsmoking.
B.Gojoggingeverymorning.
C.Workoutinthegym.
D.Goonadiet.
【答案】C
【解析】W:Whydon’tyoutrysmokingonecigarettelesseachday,aswellasgoingjoggingeverymorning?
M:Goodidea,butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice.I’msuretrainersatthegymwouldbeabletogivememoreprofessionaladvice.
W:Thatsoundsgood.Thereisonenearmycompany.Iamitsregularmember.
M:Really?Iwillgointohavealook.
Q:Whatisthemanmostlikelytodo?
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說:butIdon’twanttogojogginginthestreetandatreadmillmaybeabetterchoice(但我不想在街上慢跑,跑步機(jī)可能是更好的選擇),后來決定去健身房找專業(yè)人士咨詢。
9.單選題
Theyarewell()witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedatthesameuniversity.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.identified
B.recognized
C.acquainted
D.acknowledged
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。beidentifiedwith表示“支持;與……有密切相關(guān)”;recognize表示“承認(rèn),認(rèn)可”,常與as構(gòu)成固定搭配berecognizedas表示“被認(rèn)為,被當(dāng)作”,有時也與with構(gòu)成搭配berecognizedwith表示“被識別出,被承認(rèn)”;beacquaintedwith表示“了解;知曉(某事);熟悉”,beacknowledgedwith表示“被承認(rèn),被認(rèn)可”。根據(jù)句意可知,因?yàn)樗麄冊?jīng)在同所大學(xué)中學(xué)習(xí)過,所以彼此很熟悉。此時since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,因此,只有C項(xiàng)最符合固定搭配以及句意,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
10.單選題
Thepublicisvery(
)aboutthegovernment’splansforataxcut.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.susceptible
B.dubious
C.suspicious
D.deliberate
【答案】B
【解析】意:公眾不太相信政府的減稅計(jì)劃。
形容詞辨析。Susceptible易受影響的;dubious可疑的,懷疑的,后接about;suspicious可疑的,多疑的,后接of;deliberate故意的。因此無論從句意還是從搭配上,B項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
AbustookhimtotheWestEnd,where,amongthecrazycoloredfountainsofillumination,shatteringtheblueduskwithgreenandcrimsonfire,hefoundthecaféofhischoice,atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots,behindthethousandwaitressesandcash-boxgirlsandblack-coatedfloormanagersandtemperamentallong-hairedviolinists,behindthemoundsofcauldronsofstewedsteak,thevanloadsofices,wereafewmenwhowenttoworkjugglingwithfractionsofafarming,whoknewhowmanyunitsofelectricityittooktofinishasteak-and-kidneypuddingandhowmanyminutesandsecondsawaitress(fivefeetfourinheightandinaveragehealth)wouldneedtocarryatrayofgivenweightfromthekitchenlifetothetableinthefarcomer.Inshort,therewasawarm,sensuous,vulgarlifefloweringintheupperstoreys,andacoldscienceworkinginthebasement.Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.
Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor,whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls,scentedair,thesensuousclamorofthestrings;and,ashestoodhesitatingamoment,halfdazed,therecame,bowing,asleekgraveman,olderthanhewasandfarmoredistinguishedthanhecouldeverhopetobe,whomurmureddeferentially:“Forone,sir?Thisway,please,”Shyly,yetproudly,Turgisfollowedhim.
1.That“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”suggeststhat().
2.Thefollowingwordsorphrasesaresomewhatcriticalofthetea-shopEXCEPT().
3.Initscontextthestatementthat“theplacewasbuiltforhim”meansthatthecaféwasintendedto().
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthesecondparagraphisNOTtrue?
5.ThefollowingarecomparisonsmadebytheauthorinthesecondparagraphEXCEPTthat().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.modernrealisticcommercialismexistedbehindtheluxuriousappearance
B.therewasafundamentalfalsenessinthestyleandtheappealofthecafé
C.thearchitecthadmadeasensibleblendofoldandnewbuildingmaterials
D.thecaféwasbasedonphysicalfoundationsandrealeconomicstrength
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.“...turnedBabylonian”
B.“perhapsanewbarbarism”
C.“acresofwhitenapery”
D.“balancedtothelasthalfpenny”
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.pleasesimplepeopleinasimpleway
B.exploitgulliblepeoplelikehim
C.satisfyademandthatalreadyexisted
D.providerelaxationfortiredyoungmen
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Thecaféappealedtomostsensessimultaneously.
B.Thecaféwasbothfullofpeopleandfullofwarmth.
C.Theinsideofthecaféwascontrastedwiththeweatheroutside.
D.Itstressedthecommercialdeterminationofthecaféowners.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.theentrancehalliscomparedtoarailwaystation
B.theorchestraiscomparedtoamagnet
C.Turgiswelcomedtheliftlikeaconqueringsoldier
D.theinteriorofthecaféiscomparedtowarmcountries
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:B
第4題:B
第5題:B
【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干:“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”,代表著_________。由引號部分的內(nèi)容,可以定位到文章第一段第三句話Itstoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;andbehindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel,justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.(它像城堡一樣高聳于其他建筑之上,確實(shí)是一個新時代的前哨,也許是一種新的文明,也許是一種新的野蠻;在薄大理石的后面是混凝土和鋼鐵,就像在奢侈的背后是數(shù)百萬便士,平衡到最后的半便士。)。根據(jù)上下文,it指代的是上文的awhitepalace.“justas”引導(dǎo)一個比較狀語從句,把“behindthethinmarblefrontwereconcreteandsteel”與“behindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny”進(jìn)行比較。采用了象征的手法,“thinmarblefront”象征著外貌浮華,實(shí)則脆弱,“concreteandsteel”,象征著本質(zhì)現(xiàn)實(shí),與商業(yè)無差。所以我們可以得出選項(xiàng)A“奢華外表的背后是現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的商業(yè)主義”,符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的風(fēng)格和魅力存在一個基本的虛偽”和D選項(xiàng)“咖啡館是基于物理基礎(chǔ)和真實(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力”,都是在說咖啡館的特征,故不符合題意。C選項(xiàng)“建筑師將新舊建筑材料合理地混合在一起”,此處不是在講建筑材料,而是通過建筑材料引申出更深刻的含義,故C選項(xiàng)錯誤。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。
2.推理判斷題。題干:以下單詞除了______,都是在批判茶館。A選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句atea-shopthathadgonemadandturned.Babylonian,awhitepalacewithtenthousandlights.(一家已經(jīng)瘋了,變了樣的茶館。巴比倫,一座有萬盞燈的白色宮殿),Babylonian用于限定茶館,是一處用典,表示罪惡的、富麗的與critical意義一致,故排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第三句話Ittoweredabovetheotherbuildinglikeacitadel,whichindeeditwas,theoutpostofanewage,perhapsanewcivilization,perhapsanewbarbarism;(它像城堡一樣高聳于其他建筑之上,確實(shí)是一個新時代的前哨,也許是一種新的文明,也許是一種新的野蠻),此處barbarism和civilization是對比關(guān)系,僅表達(dá)中性價值,故B選項(xiàng)錯誤。C選項(xiàng)的單詞定位到文章第一段第四句Somewhereinthebackground,hiddenaway,behindthetenthousandlightsandacresofwhitenaperyandbewilderingglitteringrowsofteapots(在背后的某個地方,隱藏在萬盞燈、大片的白色桌布和一排排令人眼花繚亂的閃閃發(fā)光的茶壺后面),此處體現(xiàn)了鋪張浪費(fèi),表達(dá)作者的批評,故排除C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)的單詞可以定位到文章第一段第三句話justasbehindthecarelessprofusionofluxuryweremillionsofpence,balancedtothelasthalfpenny.(就像在奢侈的背后是數(shù)百萬便士,平衡到最后的半便士。),此處象征著奢華外表的背后是現(xiàn)代現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的商業(yè)主義,也是批判的含義,故排除。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:文中的“theplacewasbuiltforhim”意味著咖啡館的目的是________。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后兩句話Suchasthegigantictea-shopintowhichTurgismarched,insearchnotofmererefreshmentbutofalltheenchantmentofunfamiliarluxury.Perhapsheknewinhisheartthatmenhaveconqueredhalftheknownworld,lootedwholekingdoms,andneverarrivedinsuchluxury.Theplacewasbuiltforhim.(比如Turgis建造的巨大的茶館,不僅僅是為了尋找茶點(diǎn),而是為了尋找所有不熟悉的奢侈品的魅力。也許他心里知道,人類已經(jīng)征服了半個已知的世界,掠奪了整個王國,卻從未有過這樣的奢侈。這地方是為他建造的),咖啡館的性質(zhì)是它富麗堂皇,鋪張浪費(fèi)如宮殿,商業(yè)性強(qiáng)。本文全文都是對他的批判。A選項(xiàng)“以簡單的方式愉悅?cè)藗儭?,咖啡館并不簡單,而是奢侈,所以A選項(xiàng)不正確。B選項(xiàng)“利用像他這樣容易上當(dāng)?shù)娜恕?,符合題目對咖啡館批判的性質(zhì),故B選項(xiàng)符合題意。C選項(xiàng)“滿足已經(jīng)存在的需求”,和D選項(xiàng)“為疲憊的年輕人提供放松”,在文中并未提及。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。題干:以下關(guān)于第二段的陳述,不正確的是?文章第二段提到當(dāng)走到咖啡館內(nèi)部時,分別從視覺,嗅覺,聽覺的方面描述了內(nèi)部的情景,所以A選項(xiàng)“咖啡館同時吸引了大多數(shù)感官”,符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“咖啡館既充滿了人,又充滿了溫暖”,第二段并沒有提及咖啡館里面有沒有人,而溫暖也是由于其奢侈的裝修帶來的視覺感受,是一種諷刺,所以B選項(xiàng)不正確。第二段第三句話Thegloomandgrimeofthestreets,therawair,allNovember,wereatonceleftbehind,forgotten:theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery.(整個11月,街道上的陰暗、污濁和空氣都立刻被拋在腦后,遺忘了。屋里的氣氛是金黃的、熱帶的,像是糖果店的盛夏時節(jié)。),可知,C選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的內(nèi)部與外面的天氣形成了鮮明的對比”,正確。通過第二段整個的描述,都是在說咖啡館內(nèi)部的奢華,故D選項(xiàng)“它強(qiáng)調(diào)了咖啡館老板的商業(yè)決心”,也是正確的。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。
5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:以下是作者在第二段所做的類比,除了_________。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句話Itwasbuiltforagreatmanyotherpeopletoo,and,asusual,theywereallthere.Itseemedwithhumanity.Themarbleentrancehall,pileddizzilywithbonbonsandcakes,wasascrowdedandbustlingasarailwaystation.(它還為許多其他的人建造,像往常一樣,他們都在那里。這似乎是人性的表現(xiàn)。大理石門廳里堆滿了令人眼花繚亂的糖果和蛋糕,擁擠得像火車站一樣。),可知A選項(xiàng)“入口大廳被比作一個火車站”,是作者做的比較,排除A選項(xiàng)。文章第二段第五句話whereanorchestra,ledbyayoungJewishviolinistwithwanderinglustrouseyesandapassionfortremoloeffects,actedasamagnettoathousandgirls(一個年輕的猶太小提琴家?guī)ьI(lǐng)著一支管弦樂隊(duì),他有著明亮的眼睛,對顫音的熱情,像磁鐵一樣吸引著無數(shù)女孩),可知B選項(xiàng)“管弦樂隊(duì)被比作一塊磁鐵”,也是作者用的比喻,排除B選項(xiàng)。由文章第二段第四句話theatmosphereinsidewasgolden,tropical,belongingtosomehighmid-summerofconfectionery(里面的氣氛是金黃色的,充滿了熱帶氣息,像是糖果店的盛夏時節(jié)),可知D選項(xiàng)“咖啡館的內(nèi)部被比作溫暖的國家”,也是作者的比喻,故排除D選項(xiàng)。由第二段第五句話Disdainingthelifts,Turgis,oncemoreexcitedbythesight,sound,andsmellofitall,climbedthewidestaircaseuntilhereachedhisfavoritefloor(Turgis對電梯不屑一顧,他再一次為這一切的景象、聲音和氣味而興奮,爬上寬大的樓梯,一直走到他最喜歡的樓層),可知B選項(xiàng)“Turgis像一名勝利的士兵一樣歡迎電梯的到來”,不正確。綜上所述,本題的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。
12.單選題
Theideathathardworkwastobe______distinguishedAmericansfromEuropeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inversed
B.esteemed
C.exclaimed
D.hoarded
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)inverse“使倒轉(zhuǎn),使顛倒”,B項(xiàng)esteem“尊敬,尊重”,C項(xiàng)exclaim“呼喊,驚叫,大聲叫嚷”,D項(xiàng)hoard“貯藏(錢財(cái)或貴重物品),(在某物匱乏時)積斂”。由Europeanswhoadmiredtheirgentlemenofleisure“歐洲人羨慕美國悠閑的紳士”可推理,美國人悠閑,而歐洲人重視努力工作。句意:努力工作是受人尊敬的觀念使美國人和歐洲人區(qū)別開來,歐洲人羨慕他們悠閑的紳士。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Amongthe74citiesmonitoredforairqualitystandards,thelevelofPM2.5fellby11.1%()in2014,butonly8metthenationalstandardforcleanair,theMinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionsaidFriday.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.inconsequence
B.atallcosts
C.onaverage
D.intheextreme
【答案】C
【解析】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)inconsequence表示“因此,結(jié)果”,B選項(xiàng)atallcosts表示“無論如何,不惜一切代價”,C選項(xiàng)onaverage表示“平均,普通,通常”,D選項(xiàng)intheextreme表示“非常,極度”。由句意可知,在進(jìn)行空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)監(jiān)測的74個城市中,2014年P(guān)M2.5水平()下降了11.1%,所以只有C選項(xiàng)詞義最符合原文句意,故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
14.單選題
Thatscientistisnottoohappywiththeproject,and()arehersupervisors.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.either
B.neither
C.so
D.as
【答案】B
【解析】句意:那位科學(xué)家對這個項(xiàng)目不太滿意,她的主管也不太滿意。兩者都不用neither。
15.單選題
Inthemid-nineteenth,theUnitedStateshadtremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry.Mostoftherawmaterialsthatarevaluableinthemanufactureofmachinery,transportationfacilities,andconsumergoodslayreadytobeworkedintowealth.Iron,coal,andoilthebasicingredientsofindustrialgrowth—wereplentifulandneededonlytheapplicationoftechnicalexpertise,organizationalskill,andlabor.
Onecrucialdevelopmentinthismovementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads.TherailwaynetworkexpandedrapidlyuntiltherailroadmapoftheUnitedStateslookedlikeaspider’sweb,withthesteelfilamentsconnectingallimportantsourcesofrawmaterials,theirplacesofmanufacture,andtheircentersofdistribution.Therailroadscontributedtotheindustrialgrowthnotonlybyconnectingthesemajorcenters,butalsobythemselvesconsumingenormousamountsoffuel,iron,andcoal.
Manyfactorsinfluencedtheemergingmodesofproduction.Forexample,machinetools,thetoolsusedtomakegoods,weresteadilyimprovedinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury—alwayswithaneyetospeedierproductionandlowerunitcosts.Theproductsofthefactorieswererapidlyabsorbedbythegrowingcitiesthatshelteredtheworkersandthedistributors.Theincreasedurbanpopulationwasnourishedbytheincreasedfarmproductionthatinturn,wasmademoreproductivebytheuseofthenewfarmmachinery.AmericanagriculturalproductionkeptupwiththeurbandemandandstillhadsurplusesforsaletotheindustrialcentersofEurope.
ThelaborthatranthefactoriesandbuilttherailwayswasrecruitedinpartfromAmericanfarmareaswherepeoplewerebeingdisplacedbyfarmmachinery,inpartfromAsia,andinpartfromEurope.EuropenowbegantosendtidesofimmigrantsfromeasternandsouthernEurope—mostofwhomwereoriginallypoorfarmersbutwhosettledinAmericanindustrialcities.ThemoneytofinancethistremendousexpansionoftheAmericaneconomystillcamefromEuropeanfinanciersforthemostpart,buttheAmericanswereapproachingthedaywhentheirexpansioncouldbefinancedintheirown“moneymarket”.
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
2.Whydoestheauthormention“aspider’sweb”(Para.2)?
3.Accordingtothepassage,whowerethebiggestconsumersofmanufacturedproducts?
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofUnitedStatesfarmersinthenineteenthcentury?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.
B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.
C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.
D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Toemphasizetherailroad'sconsumptionofoilandcoal.
B.Todescribethecomplexstructureoftherailwaysystem.
C.Toexplaintheproblemsbroughtonbyrailwayexpansion.
D.Todescribethedifficultiesinvolvedinthedistributionofrawmaterials.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Railwayworkers.
B.Farmers.
C.Europeans.
D.Citydwellers.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theylostsomejobsbecauseofmechanization.
B.Theyraisedtheirproductivitybyusingnewmachinery.
C.TheysoldfoodtoEuropeancountries.
D.Theywereunabletoproducesufficientfoodforurbanareas.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?文章主要討論了什么?
A.ThehistoryofrailroadsintheUnitedStates.A.美國鐵路的歷史。
B.ThemajorUnitedStatesindustrialcenters.B.美國主要的工業(yè)中心。
C.FactorsthataffectedindustrializationintheUnitedStates.C.影響美國工業(yè)化的因素。
D.Theroleofagricultureinthenineteenthcentury.D.19世紀(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)的作用。
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。
【解題思路】第一段講了美國用以發(fā)展重工業(yè)的自然資源非常豐富(tremendousnaturalresourcesthatcouldbeexploitedinordertodevelopheavyindustry),第二段講到鐵路對工業(yè)化的重要發(fā)展作用(movementtowardindustrializationwasthegrowthoftherailroads),第三段講到工業(yè)化期間出現(xiàn)了新的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式(emergingmodesofproduction),第四段講到美國工業(yè)化期間的勞動力(Thelaborthatrant
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