考研考博-英語-博爾塔拉職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3VIP

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-博爾塔拉職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

問題1選項

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。A選項surround“圍繞，包圍”；B選項circle“盤旋，環(huán)繞……移動”；C選項observe“觀察，遵守”；D選項view“觀察，考慮”。句意：為了熟悉飛機的操縱，這個人不得不環(huán)繞著機場飛行了好幾次。選項B符合語境。

2.單選題

The（）fromtheairportwasreallytiringbecauseitwassituatedfarfromthecity.

問題1選項

A.flight

B.travel

C.crossing

D.journey

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。選項A：flight意為“飛行，航班”；選項B：travel“旅行，旅游”（泛指）；選項C：crossing意為“橫越，橫渡”；選項D：journey“（側(cè)重指時間較長、距離較遠的單程旅行）行程，路程”。由題意可知，本題的正確選項為D選項。句意：從機場回來的路真的很累人，因為它離城市很遠。

3.單選題

Theheartis______intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.

問題1選項

A.notso

B.notmuch

C.nomore

D.muchmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞比較級。句意：心臟不比胃聰明，因為它們都由大腦控制。根據(jù)題干intelligentthan可知考查形容詞的比較級，確定有more，根據(jù)語境心臟和胃都受大腦控制確定C選項nomore符合題意。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

問題1選項

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。選項A：engage“吸引，使參加，，雇傭，從事（后接其他成分需要用介詞in）”；選項B：devote“（一般接to引出對象）致力于，奉獻”;選項C：register“顯示，登記，注冊”；選項D：pursue“追趕，從事（可直接跟從事的對象），繼續(xù)”。由此可知A、B、C均不符合題意，選項D正確。句意：在過去，大部分的林務(wù)員都是男性，但現(xiàn)如今這個領(lǐng)域的女性工作人員數(shù)量越來越多。

5.單選題

Justlikelastyear’ssmartphone,theMate10modelswill________performanceovertimebylearningwhichappsyouuseregularly.

問題1選項

A.optimize

B.substitute

C.legitimate

D.mobilize

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.optimize優(yōu)化，充分利用B.substitute代替，取代

C.legitimate使合法，使正當D.mobilize組織，動員

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】空格處和下文的“performance（性能）”構(gòu)成動賓邏輯，表示Mate10這款手機會怎么樣自己的性能，它的方式是“通過了解你經(jīng)常使用的（useregularly）應(yīng)用程序”，由此可知，這樣會使手機的性能更好。optimize指使某物盡可能好或以最好的方式使用某物，因此A選項optimize“優(yōu)化，充分利用”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項substitute“代替，取代”指用某事物取代另一事物，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項legitimate“使合法，使正當”指使某物或某人合法化，不符合題干的語義邏輯；

D選項mobilize“組織，動員”指組織一群人為達到某一特定目標而共同努力，不能和“performance（性能）”進行搭配。

【句意】就像去年的智能手機一樣，Mate10將通過了解你經(jīng)常使用的應(yīng)用程序，隨著時間的推移來優(yōu)化性能。

6.單選題

TheAfricanelephant—mythicsymbolofacontinent,keystoneofitsecologyandthelargestlandanimalremainingonearth—hasbecometheobjectofoneofthebiggest,broadestinternationaleffortsyetmountedtoturnathreatenedspeciesofftheroadtoextinction.Butitisnotonlytheelephant'ssurvivalthatisatstake,conservationistssay.Unliketheendangeredtiger,unlikeeventhegreatwhales,theAfricanelephantisingreatmeasurethearchitectofitsenvironment.Asavoraciouseaterofvegetation,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savannasurroundingsinwhichitlives,therebysettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotherstoriedanimals-fromzebrastogazellestogiraffesandwildebeests—thatshareitshabitatAndastheelephantdisappears,scientistsandconservationistssay,manyotherspecieswillalsodisappearfromvaststretchesofforestandsavanna,drasticallyalteringandimpoverishingwholeecosystems.

Itistheelephant'smetabolismandappetitethatmakeitadisturberoftheenvironmentandthereforeanimportantcreatorofhabitat.Inaconstantsearchforthe300poundsofvegetationitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunderbrushandpullsbranchesoffbigtreesashighasitstrunkwillreach.ThiscreatesinnumerableopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Theresultingpatchwork,amosaicofvegetationinvariousstagesofregeneration,inturncreatesagreatervarietyofforagethatattractsagreatervarietyofothervegetation-eatersthanwouldotherwisebethecase.

Instudiesoverthelast20yearsinsouthernKenyanearMountKilimanjaro,Dr.Westernhasfoundthatwhenelephantsareallowedtoroamdiesavannasnaturallyandnormally,theyspreadoutat"intermediatedensities."Theirforagingcreatesamixtureofsavannawoodlands(whattheAfricanscallbush)andgrassland.Theresultisahighlydiversearrayofotherplant-eatingspecies:thoselikethezebra,wildebeestandgazelle,thatgraze:thoselikethegiraffe,bushbuckandlesserkudu,thatbrowseontendershoots,buds,twigsandleaves;andplant-eatingprimateslikethebaboonandvervetmonkey.Theseherbivoresattractcarnivoreslikethelionandcheetah.

Whentheelephantpopulationthinsout.Dr.Westernsaid,thewoodlandsbecomedenserandthegrazersaresqueezedout.Whenpressurefrompoachersforceselephantstocrowdmoredenselyontoreservations,thewoodlandsthereareknockedoutandthebrowsersandprimatesdisappear.

Somethingsimilarappearstohappenindensetropicalrainforests.Intheirnaturalstate,becausetheoverheadforestcanopyshutsoutsunlightandpreventsgrowthontheforestfloor,rainforestsprovideslimpickingsforlarge,hoofedplant-eaters.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingnewgrowth,elephantsenlargenaturalopeningsinthecanopy,allowingplantstoregenerateontheforestfloorandbringingdownvegetationfromthecanopysothatsmallerspeciescangetatit.

Insuchsituations,therainforestbecomeshospitabletolargeplant-eatingmammalssuchasbongos,bushpigs,duikers,foresthogs,swampantelopes,forestbuffaloes,okapis,sometimesgorillasandalwaysahostofsmalleranimalsthatthriveonsecondarygrowth.Whenelephantsdisappearandtheforestreverts,thelargermammalsgivewaytosmaller,nimbleranimalslikemonkeys,squirrelsandrodents.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthormentionstigersandwhalesinordertoemphasizewhichpointabouttheelephant?

3.Anecessarycomponentoftheelephant'sabilitytotransformthelandscapeisits（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthorsattitudetowardthedamagetovegetationcausedbyforagingelephants?

問題1選項

A.explainingwhyelephantsarefacingthethreatofextinction

B.explainingdifficultiesinprovidingsufficientforageforplant-eaters

C.explaininghowtheelephantsimpactonitssurroundingsaffectsotherspecies

D.distinguishingbetweensavannasandrainforestsashabitatsforelephants

問題2選項

A.Likethem,Ufacesthethreatofextinction.

B.Itisherbivorousratherthancarnivorous.

C.Itisthelargestextantlandmammal.

D.Unlikethem,itphysicallyaltersitsenvironment.

問題3選項

A.massiveintelligence

B.threatenedextinction

C.ravenoushunger

D.lackofgrace

問題4選項

A.thenaturaltendencyofelephantsistocrowdtogetherinpacks

B.theelephantisdependentupontheexistenceofsmallerplant-eatingmammalsforitssurvival

C.elephantshaveanindirecteffectonthehuntingpatternsofcertaincarnivores

D.thefloorofthetropicalrainforestistooovergrowntoaccommodatelargerplant-eatingspecies

問題5選項

A.Itisanunfortunateby-productofthefeedingprocess.

B.Itisanecessarybutundesirableaspectofelephantpopulationgrowth.

C.Itfortuitouslyresultsincreatingenvironmentssuitedtodiversespecies.

D.Ithastheunexpectedadvantagethatitallowsscientistsaccesstotherainforest

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.本文主要是講述大象能夠改變居住環(huán)境,從而影響其他物種的生存,選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"tigers""whales"定位到第一段第三句"Unliketheendangeredtiger,unlikeeventhegreatwhales,theAfricanelephantisingreatmeasurethearchitectofitsenvironment."不像瀕臨滅絕的老虎,甚至不像大型鯨魚,非洲象在很大程度上是環(huán)境的建筑師。也就是說大象能夠改變環(huán)境,選項D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的第一句"Itistheelephant'smetabolismandappetitethatmakeitadisturberoftheenvironment"大象能夠改變環(huán)境是因為它們的新陳代謝和食欲。選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第一句"whenelephantsareallowedtoroamdiesavannasnaturallyandnormally,theyspreadoutat"intermediatedensities.""可知,大象不是群居動物,所以選項A錯誤;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,選項B表達的剛好是相反的情況,所以錯誤;根據(jù)最后一段的第一句"...therainforestbecomeshospitabletolargeplant-eatingmammals..."可知選項D錯誤。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,大象改變環(huán)境會產(chǎn)生種類繁多的食草動物,食草動物又吸引了食肉動物。也就是說大象對某些食肉動物的捕獵方式有間接影響。選項C符合原文內(nèi)容。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,大象改變環(huán)境給其他物種創(chuàng)造了適宜其生存的環(huán)境,這是偶然性的而不是大象刻意為之的,所以選項C正確。

7.單選題

Theotherday,IsawGrandpasittinginthegarden______themoonwhilemurmuringtohimself.

問題1選項

A.staringat

B.lookingat

C.glancingat

D.gazingat

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項stareat“凝視；盯著；目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看”；B選項lookat“看；考慮；著眼于”；C選項glanceat“掃視；瀏覽；匆匆一瞥”；D選項gazeat“盯?。荒?；注視；注目”。stareat表達的是好奇或無禮傲慢；glanceat表達的是匆忙；gazeat表達的是感慨、喜歡或驚奇。stareat和glanceat的動作維持的時間比較長；glanceat的動作維持時間非常的短。句意：有一天，我看見爺爺坐在花園里，凝視著月亮，喃喃自語。此處的凝視帶有濃厚的感情色彩，因此D選項正確。

8.寫作題

Directions:InthefollowingisanEnglishProverb“Onlythewearerknowswheretheshoepinches”.Presentyouropinionsontheproverb,usingreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.Writeacompositionofabout350words,providingatitleforyourcomposition.

【答案】【略】

9.單選題

Investigatorsbelievethefirewascausedby（）electricalwiring.Theysaidthebuilding’swiringhadnotbeendonebyaprofessionalelectrician.

問題1選項

A.sober

B.faulty

C.prompt

D.fussy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項sober“清醒的”；B選項faulty“錯誤的”；C選項prompt“敏捷的”；D選項fussy“愛挑剔的”。句意：調(diào)查人員認為火災是由錯誤的電線引起的。他們說，大樓的布線不是由專業(yè)電工完成的。本句表示錯誤的電線布線。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

InBritontherobinisasmallbird,butits（）inAmericaismuchlarge.

問題1選項

A.species

B.counterpart

C.analogy

D.category

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在英國知更鳥是一種小鳥,但在美國它的物種要大得多。species物種,種類；counterpart相似物；analogy類比,類似；category種類,分類。選項A形容生物種類,所以選項A正確。

11.單選題

Hospitalsdefineurgentcareasmedicalcaregiventosomewhatless（

）medicalproblemsthanemergencycare.

問題1選項

A.perplexing

B.complex

C.prudent

D.pressing

【答案】D

【解析】perplexing使人困惑的，令人費解的；complex復雜的，合成的；prudent謹慎的，精明的；pressing緊迫的，迫切的。句意：醫(yī)院將緊急護理定義為醫(yī)療問題比急救護理稍微不那么緊迫的醫(yī)療護理。選項D符合語境。

12.單選題

Nomatterhowangryhewas,hewouldnever（

）toviolence.

問題1選項

A.resolve

B.resign

C.exert

D.resort

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“決心做，溶解”；B選項“離職，委托”；C選項“運用，施加影響”；D選項“憑借，訴諸”。句意：無論他有多生氣，他都絕不會（）武力。這里根據(jù)句子，詞義應(yīng)該選訴諸，所以答案選D。

13.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalsointime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionoflight.Asweallknow,lightishot;mysourceoflight-fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomes.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingtheformoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（

）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat

（

）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause

（

）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（

）.

問題1選項

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

問題2選項

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

D.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

問題3選項

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylight

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題4選項

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

C.memademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章開頭‘Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.’20世紀60年代之前，外科手術(shù)使用過的工具有：石頭，鋒利的骨頭和角，金屬刀，橡膠和塑料。確定這些工具都是很基本的，D選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段中所舉的眼科手術(shù)的例子可知，使用激光做手術(shù)，可以讓患者感覺輕松和舒服，不需要很長時間就能恢復，徹底改變了外科手術(shù)的方法，C選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentratedThismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.然而，激光束中的光是集中的，這意味著不需要比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生更多的能量就能點燃，當它集中在一個針尖大小的光束上時，就會變得非常強烈。”可知，激光光束強是因為它的光束沒有分散，而是集中成針尖大小的光束，所以A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)“Noknives,nounwanteddamage—truesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.沒有刀，沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。手術(shù)曾經(jīng)讓病人精疲力竭，需要很長時間的恢復，現(xiàn)在讓他們感到放松和舒適?！笨芍?，使用激光做外科手術(shù)，可以讓病人遭受極少的痛苦，B選項正確。

14.翻譯題

雨落無聲，記憶擱淺。用心觸摸著那絲絲微雨的柔美，透過時空的壁壘，蒼老的故地，深沉的腳印，朦朧的身影，和那被歲月侵蝕的滿懷柔情，在腦海里徘徊得太過雜亂無章，每當想要細細品味時，卻不知從何道來。于是只能介乎在半夢半醒之間，任滄桑褪盡昔日芳華，孑然一身，譜寫出風花雪月的篇章。人生若只如初見，那冥冥中注定的驚鴻一瞥，定格一瞬間，卻又轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，帶走了無限的想象和無盡的回憶。

【答案】Rainfallssilently,andmemoryisstranded.Thesoftnessofthegentlerainistouchedbytheheartthroughthebarriersoftimeandspace,theoldhometown,thedeepfootprints,thehazyfigure,andthetenderfeelingsthathavebeenerodedbytheyears.Wanderinginthemessymind,wheneverIwanttoponderit,IdonotknowwhereIshouldstart.ThenIcanonlylettheyouthfadewithvicissitudesoflifebetweendreamsandawakenings.Withbeingallaloneintheworld,Iwritearomantictheme.Iflifeisonlyasitwasatthefirstsight,thedestinedglancebecomesafrozenmoment,andthenitpassesawayinaflash,takingawaytheinfiniteimaginationandendlessmemories.

15.單選題

Ifonebrandofcomputeris（）withanotherbrand,theycanbeusedtogetherandcanusethesamesoftware.

問題1選項

A.competent

B.compulsory

C.comparable

D.compatible

【答案】D

【解析】competent勝任的,有能力的；compulsory義務(wù)的,必修的；comparable同等的,可比較的；compatible兼容的,能共處的。句意：如果一個品牌的電腦與另一個品牌的電腦兼容,它們就可以一起使用,并且可以使用相同的軟件。選項D符合句意。

16.單選題

Tosaythatthechildlearnsbyimitationandthatthewaytoteachistosetagoodexampleoversimplifies.Nochildimitateseveryactionhesees.Sometimes,theexampletheparentwantshimtofollowisifporedwhilehetakesovercontrarypatternsfromsomeotherexample.Thereforewemustturntoamoresubtletheorythan"Monkeysee,monkeydo."

Lookatitfromthechild'spointofview.Hereheisinanewsituation,lackingareadyresponse.Heisseekingaresponsewhichwillgaincertainends.Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.

Thereisasecondelementatworkinthissituation.Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.Whenshoutingacrossthehouseachieveshisimmediateendofdeliveringamessage,heistoldemphaticallythatsucharacket(叫嚷)isunpleasant,thatheshouldwalkintothenextroomandsayhissayquietly.Thus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.Oneoftheearlythingsthechildlearnsisthathegetsmoreattentionandapprovalwhenhisparentslikehisresponse.Thenotheradultsrewardsomeactionsandcriticizeothers.Ifoneistomaintainthesupportofothersandhisownself-respect,hemustadoptresponseshissocialgroupapproves.

Infindingtrialresponses,thelearnerdoesnotchoosemodelsatrandom.Heimitatesthepersonwhoseemsagoodpersontobelike,ratherthanapersonwhosesocialstatushewishestoavoid.Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.

Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.Weusepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeofsituations,imitatingmuchthattheydo.Welearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess.

1.Forachildthefirstelementinhislearningis（

）.

2.Apartfromachievinghisdesiredresult,achildshouldalsolearnto

（

）.

3.Childrentendtoimitatethemodels

（

）.

4."Anidentifyingfigure"(Line2,Para.5)referstoaperson（

）.

問題1選項

A.theneedtofindanauthority

B.theneedtofindawaytoachievethedesiredresult

C.theneedformoreaffectionfromhisparents

D.thedesiretomeetthestandardsofhissocialgroup

問題2選項

A.behaveproperly

B.attainhisgoalassoonaspossible

C.showhisaffectionforhisparents

D.talkquietly

問題3選項

A.whodonotcriticizethem

B.whobringthemunexpectedrewards

C.whomtheywanttobelike

D.whosesocialstatusishigh

問題4選項

A.whoservesasamodelforothers

B.whoisalwayssuccessful

C.whocanbedependedupon

D.whohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:細節(jié)事實題。由第二段“Ifhelacksareadyresponseforthesituation,andcannotreasonoutwhattodo,heobservesamodelwhoseemsabletogettherightresult.Thechildlooksforanauthorityorexpertwhocanshowwhattodo.如果兒童對新情況缺乏一個快速的反應(yīng)，并且不能推斷出該做什么，他就會觀察學習那些能給出正確結(jié)果的人。孩子尋找權(quán)威人士或?qū)＜襾砀嬖V他們該做什么?！笨芍⒆幽７聦W習的首要原因是他們需要找到一種能得到想要的結(jié)果的方式，他們并不是模仿所有的東西。由此可知B項正確。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由第三段的舉例及“Thechildmaybeabletoattainhisimmediategoalonlytofindthathismethodbringscriticismfrompeoplewhoobservehim.孩子也許能夠達到他的直接目標，但卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的方法招致了觀察他的人的批評?！币约啊癟hus,thedesiretosolveanyobjectivesituationisoverlaidwiththedesiretosolveitproperly.因此，解決任何客觀情況的愿望都被以恰當方式解決問題的愿望所覆蓋。”可知用適當?shù)姆椒▉斫鉀Q問題很重要。答案A

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。由第四段“Ifthepupilwantstobeagoodviolinist,hewillobserveandtrytocopythetechniquesofcapableplayers,whilesomeotherpersonmaymostinfluencehisapproachtobooks.如果一個學生想成為一名優(yōu)秀的小提琴手，他會觀察并嘗試模仿有能力的演奏者的技巧，如果他喜歡閱讀，那么書本上的對他影響最大的人可能是其想模仿的對象?！惫蔆項正確。

第4題:細節(jié)事實題。由第五段第一句“Admirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawhole,andhebecomesanidentifyingfigure.欣賞一個人的某種品質(zhì)常常會令我們仰慕整個人，這個人就變成了我們的榜樣。由“admireapersonasawhole”可推斷出該詞意為“榜樣”，故答案A

17.不定項選擇題

Theword“biodiversity”isatermheardwithincreasingfrequencyintheongoingdebateoverhowbesttoprotecttheworld’senvironment,andmorespecifically,howtopreserveitsrapidlydwindlingnumbersofplantandanimalspecies.Inverygeneralterms,“biodiversity”referstothenumberofplantandanimalspeciesthatcanbefoundinaparticularhabitatorecosystem.Thisisapparentlyaverysimpleconcept,butthesimplicityofitbeliesitssignificance.Abetterpopularunderstandingoftherealmeaningofbiodiversityandofitsimportancetothecircumstancesinwhichwepresentlyfindourselvesiscriticaltothesuccessofeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,andthereforeessentialtoourownsurvival.

Globalbiodiversity,whichisthetotalnumberofplantandanimalspeciesexistingontheplanetatanyonetime,canonlybeestimated;andonlyveryroughlyestimatedatthat.Undoubtedly,manyspeciesremaintobediscovered.Someofthese,suchasinsectsandmicroscopiclife,aresmallenoughtohaveescapedournotice,whileothersdwellinareaswehaveonlybeguntoexplore;thespeciesinhabitingthedeepestoceandepths,forexample.Itmustalsoberememberedthatweareinthemidstofamassextinctionevent.Speciesarenowdisappearingatarateestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timesfasterthantheaverageforthehistoryoflifeonearth.Takentogether,thesetwouncertainelementspreventtheglobalbiodiversityestimatefrombecomingmuchmorethananeducatedguess.Thecurrentbestestimateissomewhereintheneighborhoodof100to200millionspecies.

Thisnumber,whileitmaybeofsomeinteresttononscientists,isn’tofmuchrealvaluetoresearchers.Theyaregenerallymoreconcernedwithlocalbiodiversity.Despitetheapparentenormityofthenumberofspeciesthatinhabittheearthasawhole,localbiodiversity—thenumberofspeciesfoundinanyonehabitat—fluctuatesgreatlyaswecrosstheboundariesseparatingtheecosystemsthatmakeuptheEarth’sbiosphere.Itreachesitshighestlevelsonthecoralreefsandinthetropicalrainforestswheretheremaybethousandsofspeciesperacre.

Ofcourse,itisthisvalue—themeasureoflocalbiodiversity—thatismostusefulforanyoneconcernedwithassessingthehealthofanecosystemorprotectingitfromdestruction.Inmeasuringthebiodiversityofaparticularecosystem,biologistsareusuallyquiteimpartialwhenweighingtherelativesignificanceofeachspecies.Mostareassignedavalueofone,thetotalnumberofspeciesthenrepresentingthetargetvalue.However,therearetwoconditionsunderwhichonespeciesmaybeweightedmoreheavilythanothers.Thiswouldcertainlybethecaseforanyspeciesthatbyvirtueofitsgeneticuniquenesswouldconstituteaspeciallosstotheglobalgenepoolintheeventofitsextinction.Thetuataraisagoodexampleofjustsuchaspecies.Astheonlysurvivingmemberofafamilyofreptilesthat,exceptforit,diedout60millionyearsago,thetuataraqualifiesongroundsofgeneticuniquenesstobeweightedmoreheavilyincalculatingthebiodiversityofitshabitat.

Aspeciesmaybeaccordedbonuspointsinthebiodiversityequationforanotherreasonaswell;itmaybedeemedmoresignificantbyvirtueoftheroleitplaysintheecosystem.AnexampleofthiswouldbetheCaliforniaseaotter.[A]Thepreferredfoodofthisspeciesofmarinemammalistheseaurchin;amarineinvertebrate,whichfeedsonacertaintypeofseagrassknownaskelp.[B]Wereitnotfortheotter’scontributionincontrollingtheseaurchinpopulation,theunderseakelpforestwouldsurelybedecimatedbyadramaticincreaseinthepopulationofseaurchins.[C]Thiswouldremoveakeysupportingelement—thekelp—fromthehabitatofmanyfishandinvertebratespeciesthatdependonit.[D]This,inturn,wouldfundamentallyalteranentireunderseahabitatandundoubtedlyputariskanumberofdifferentspeciesthathaveadaptedtoitspeculiarcharacteristics.Therefore,thebehavioroftheotterinactivelymaintainingthelocaldiversityofspeciesdictatesthatitshouldbeassignedahigherbiodiversityvalue.

13.Whatwastheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?

14.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatwedon’thaveanaccuratemeasureofglobalbiodiversitybecause（）.

15.Thewordenormityinthepassageisclosestinthemeaningto（）.

16.Accordingtothepassage,thelargestnumberofspecieswouldbefound（）.

17.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTimportantinassessingbiodiversity?

18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

19.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Theeffectofthiswouldbeadramaticlossoflocalbiodiversity.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

20.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

問題1選項

A.Toexplainwhybiodiversityisessentialtooursurvival.

B.Toexplaintheconceptofbiodiversity.

C.Toshowwhylocalbiodiversityismoreimportantthanglobalbiodiversity.

D.Toclarifythedangersthatresultfromdecliningbiodiversity.

問題2選項

A.thenumberofspeciesisconstantlychanging

B.populationsofanimalsmovefromplacetoplace

C.wedon’tknowtheecologicalroleplayedbyallspecies

D.thedefinitionofbiodiversityisnotclearenough

問題3選項

A.important

B.quality

C.vastness

D.accuracy

問題4選項

A.onthecoralreefs

B.intheboundaryareasbetweenlocalecosystems

C.intheunderseakelpforests

D.infreshwaterlakesandstreams

問題5選項

A.Thespecialfunctionaparticularspeciesplaysinanecosystem.

B.Thenumberofspeciespresentinanecosystem.

C.Thegeneticuniquenessofthespecieswithinanecosystem.

D.Thesizeoftheareaanecosystemcovers.

問題6選項

A.Localbiodiversitymaychange,butglobalbiodiversitydoesnot.

B.Allspecieshavethesamesignificancewhenconsideringbiodiversity.

C.Theconceptofbiodiversityisoflittlevaluetoecologists.

D.Theearthisexperiencingareductioninglobalbiodiversity.

問題7選項

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

問題8選項

A.Asthelastofa60millionyearoldfamilyofreptilestodieout,thetuatarawassogeneticallyspecialthatitwouldhaveraisedthecalculatedbiodiversityvalueofthehabitatinwhichitlived.

B.Thetuataradeservesaheavierbiodiversityweightingbyvirtueofthefactthatallothergeneticallysimilaranimalsvanished60millionyearsagoandtherefore,itaddsanunusualamounttothelocalbiodiversityvalue.

C.Thetuatarasgeneticuniquenessmakesitmorelikelytodieoutliketheothermembersofitsfamilywhichdisappeared60millionyearsago,andthereforeitshouldbegivenahigherbiodiversityvalue.

D.Becauseofthehigherbiodiversityvaluecontributedbythetuataratoitshabitat,thetuataraqualifiesforspecialstatustopreventitfromvanishingliketheothermembersofitsfamilydid60millionyearsago.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:B

【解析】13.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先引出“生物多樣性”的定義，介紹了全球大概的物種數(shù)量，接著介紹了研究生物多樣性的意義，說明本文的主要目的是介紹生物多樣性的概念。因此B選項“解釋生物多樣性的概念”正確。A選項“解釋為什么生物多樣性對我們的生存至關(guān)重要”，原文只提到生物多樣性對我們的生存至關(guān)重要，沒有具體闡述，所以A錯誤。C選項“說明為什么當?shù)氐纳锒鄻有员热虻纳锒鄻有愿匾敝皇窃牡囊徊糠謨?nèi)容，不能概括全文主旨，所以C錯誤。D選項“闡明生物多樣性的減少所帶來的危險”，原文沒有講到生物多樣性減少的危害，所以D錯誤。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段中說到Undo