考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津音樂(lè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-天津音樂(lè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

FROMCHINESETOENGLISH

我說(shuō)過(guò)我們要發(fā)展記憶，那是因?yàn)槲覀兩钪杏写诵枰?。沒(méi)有文化的動(dòng)物中，能以本能來(lái)應(yīng)付生活，就不必有記憶。我這樣說(shuō)，其實(shí)也包含了另一項(xiàng)意思，就是人在記憶上發(fā)展的程度是依他們生活需要而決定的。我們每個(gè)人，每一刻，所接觸的外界眾多復(fù)雜，但是并不進(jìn)入我們的感覺(jué)，我們有所選擇。和我們眼睛所接觸的外界我們并不都看見(jiàn)，我們只看見(jiàn)我們所注意的，我們的視線有焦點(diǎn)，焦點(diǎn)依著我們的注意而移動(dòng)。注意的對(duì)象由我們選擇，選擇的根據(jù)是我們生活的需要。

【答案】Isaidwedevelopmemoriesbecauseweneedtheminourlives.Withoutculture,animalscopewithlifebyinstinct.Thusmemoryisnecessaryforthem.Bysayingthis,Ialsomeanthatpeopledevelopmemoryaccordingtotheneedsoftheirlives.Everyoneofus,isconnectedtothisvastandcomplexworldineverymoment,butdon’treceiveallintooursenses,whichmeanswechoose.Wedonotseeeverythingthatoureyestouch.Weseeonlywhatwenotice,becausethereisafocusinoursightwhichmovesonthebasisofourattention.Andtheobjectofattentionischosenbyus,accordingtotheneedsofourlife.

2.單選題

Idon'tsaythattopersuadeyou,butmerelyto（）myconscience.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revolve

B.relieve

C.retrieve

D.revive

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)；循環(huán)；relieve解除，減輕；retrieve恢復(fù)，取回；revive復(fù)活，復(fù)興。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有relieve更符合句意。句意：我說(shuō)這個(gè)不是為了勸你，只是為了讓我的良心好受些。所以本題選B。

3.單選題

WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.

Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.

Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“l(fā)essismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.

Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybutthatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.

TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.

Thetrendtoward“l(fā)ess”wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.

The“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“l(fā)essismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife—fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers—buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.

1.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?

3.Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign（）.

4.WhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudyHouse”?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosperityandgrowth

B.efficiencyandpracticality

C.restraintandconfidence

D.prideandfaithfulness

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.

B.ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.

C.MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.

D.IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wasrelatedtolargespace

B.wasidentifiedwithemptiness

C.wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration

D.wasnotassociatedwithefficiency

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.

B.Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.

C.Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.

D.Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.

B.Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration.

C.Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.

D.Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第一段“WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth…”我們傾向于認(rèn)為二戰(zhàn)后的幾十年是繁榮和發(fā)展的時(shí)期。由此可知A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第三段“Thephrase‘lessismore’wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.”事實(shí)上，“l(fā)essismore”一詞最初是由一位德國(guó)建筑師路德維希?密斯?凡德羅普及的。他和其他與包豪斯設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院有關(guān)的人一樣，在二戰(zhàn)前移民到美國(guó)，并在美國(guó)建筑學(xué)院任職。由此可知C選項(xiàng)MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.大多數(shù)美國(guó)建筑師曾經(jīng)與它聯(lián)系在一起符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第四段“Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.”密斯的名言是，少裝飾，合理組織，會(huì)產(chǎn)生更大的影響。他認(rèn)為優(yōu)雅不是來(lái)自豐富。由此可知C選項(xiàng)wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration不依賴于豐富的裝飾正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第五段“Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.”但它們之所以受歡迎，是因?yàn)樗鼈冇型L(fēng)的玻璃墻，提供的視野，以及建筑的優(yōu)雅、細(xì)節(jié)和比例，這種與當(dāng)時(shí)流行的抽象藝術(shù)相當(dāng)?shù)慕ㄖL(fēng)格。由此可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句“InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife—fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers—buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.”在他的個(gè)案研究室里，拉爾夫的日常生活——很少有美國(guó)家庭購(gòu)買直升機(jī)，但大多數(shù)家庭最終都買了干衣機(jī)——但他自給自足的信念得到了廣泛的認(rèn)同。由此可知機(jī)器設(shè)備已經(jīng)得到使用，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.單選題

Sowideisitssweepthat345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguageandanadditional400millionastheirsecond.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.power

C.vigor

D.expansion

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)range“范圍；幅度；山脈”；B選項(xiàng)power“力量；電力”；C選項(xiàng)vigor“活力；精力”；D選項(xiàng)expansion“膨脹”。句意：英語(yǔ)的……是如此之廣，以至于3.45億人將英語(yǔ)作為第一語(yǔ)言，另外還有4億人將英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言。由關(guān)鍵信息sowide“如此廣泛”以及345millionpeopleuseEnglishastheirfirstlanguage“3.45億人將英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成第一語(yǔ)言使用”，可知本句是在講英語(yǔ)的普及范圍廣。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.翻譯題

今天，阿拉木圖（Alma-Ata）宣言的目標(biāo)比起25年前反而離實(shí)現(xiàn)更為遙遠(yuǎn)了。深刻的經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等和社會(huì)不公正繼續(xù)拒絕給許多人提供良好的健康，繼續(xù)扮演全球持續(xù)性健康受益的障礙。全世界的國(guó)家間及國(guó)家內(nèi)部在健康成就的步伐上和等級(jí)上仍有巨大的差異。一個(gè)可能的解釋是開始于20世紀(jì)80年代作為世界銀行結(jié)構(gòu)性調(diào)整計(jì)劃一部分的健康部門的改革還沒(méi)有顯示出改進(jìn)不平等的結(jié)果；在某些情況下，它們反而讓這些不平等更為嚴(yán)重了。

現(xiàn)在我們面臨健康研究中的四大挑戰(zhàn)：道德價(jià)值、公平和美德、可持續(xù)的健康研究體系、良好的研究環(huán)境及知識(shí)的產(chǎn)出和應(yīng)用。為了應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，保健體系和健康研究體系兩者應(yīng)向一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的和解決問(wèn)題的模式推進(jìn)，把創(chuàng)新包括在運(yùn)作之中，更好地掌握未來(lái)發(fā)展的機(jī)遇。沒(méi)有效果明顯的錦囊妙計(jì)，沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的解決方法，只是有許多事情要去學(xué)習(xí)。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Today,thegoalsofAlma-AtaDeclarationseemevenmoredistantthantheywereaquarterofacenturyago.Deepeconomicinequalitiesandsocialinjusticescontinuetodenygoodhealthtomanyandpersistasobstaclestocontinuedhealthgainsworldwide.Thereisalsogreatvariationinthepaceandlevelofhealthachievementsbothbetweenandwithincountriesaroundtheworld.Onepossibleexplanationisthathealthsectorreformsthatbeganinthelate1980saspartofthestructuraladjustmentprogrammeoftheWorldBankhavenotbeenconclusivelyshowntoimproveinequities;insomecasestheymayhaveworsenedthem.

Nowwearefacedwithfourkeychallengesforhealthresearch:valuesofethics,equityandexcellence,sustainablehealthresearchsystems,favorableresearchenvironment,andknowledgeproductionandapplication.Torisetothechallenge,healthsystemsandhealthresearchsystemstogethershouldmoveintoalearningandproblemsolvingmode,integrateinnovationintotheiroperationsandbettermanageopportunitiesforfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Therearenoquickfixes,nosimplesolutionsandmuchremainstobelearnt.

6.單選題

Hewasgivenapresentin（）ofhisworkforthebusiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.honor

B.realization

C.acknowledgement

D.encouragement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)honor“榮譽(yù)”；B選項(xiàng)realization“實(shí)現(xiàn)，認(rèn)識(shí)”；C選項(xiàng)acknowledgement“承認(rèn)，感謝”；D選項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓勵(lì)”。句意：他得到一份禮物，以感謝他為公司所做的工作。本句表示感謝他做的工作。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Yetwitheconomiesinfreefall,managersalsoneedup-to-dateinformationaboutwhatishappeningtotheirbusinesses,sothattheycanchangecourserapidlyifnecessary.Cisco,anAmericannetwork-equipmentgiant,hasinvestedovermanyyearsinthetechnologyneededtogeneratesuchdata.FrankCalderoni,thefirm'sCFO,saysthateverydayitsseniorexecutivescantrackexactlywhatordersarecominginfromsalesteamsaroundtheworld,andidentifyemergingtrendsineachregionandmarketsegment.Andattheendofeachmonth,thefirmcangetreliablefinancialresultswithinfourhoursofclosingitsbooks.Mostfirmshavetowaitdaysorevenweeksforsuchcertainty.

Admittedly,Cisco'sfinancialresultshavenotmadehappyreadingrecentlybecause,incommonwithmanyotherlargetechnologycompanies,ithasseendemandforitsproductsdeclineinthedownturn.InearlyFebruaryitannouncedthatitsfiscalsecond-quarterrevenuesof$9.1billionwere7.5%lowerthanthesameperiodin2008andthatitsprofithadfallenby27%,to$1.5billion.

Inresponsetohardtimes,Ciscoplanstocut$1billionofcoststhisyearby,amongotherthings,makinguseofitsownvideo-conferencingandothercommunicationstechnologiestoreducetheamountitsexecutivestravel.Itisalsousingthesefacilitiestorelayinformationfromemployeesonthegroundtoitsseniormanagers,andtogetinstructionsfromCisco'sleadersbackouttoits67,000staff.Arapidexchangeofinformationandinstructionsisespeciallyvaluableifthecompanywantstoaltercourseinstormytimes.

Ifeverybodyinacompanycanrapidlygraspwhattheyhavetodoandhowitischanging,theyaremorelikelytogetthejobdone.Butsomefirmsarereluctanttosharetheirgoalswiththewiderworld.Unilever,abigAnglo-Dutchconsumer-goodsgroup,hasdecidedagainstissuinga2009financialforecasttoinvestors,arguingthatitisdifficulttopredictwhatisgoingtohappen,giventhedangerousstateoftheworldeconomy."We'renotjustgoingtoprovidenumbersforthesakeofit,"explainsJamesAllison,thecompany'sheadofinvestorrelations.Othercompaniesthathavedecidednottoprovideannualearningsestimatesfor2009includeCostco,abigAmericanretailer,andUnionPacific,anAmericanrailwaycompany.

Somefirms,suchasIntel,seemtohavechosentotakethingsquarterbyquarter.Thegiantchipmaker（芯片制造商）saidinJanuarythatitwouldnotissueanofficialforecastforthefirstquarterof2009afteritsfourth-quarter2008profitdecreasedby90%.Severalretailchainshavealsostoppedprovidingmonthlysalesestimatesbecausetheycannotseewhatthefutureholds.Retailers,chipmakersandfirmsinmanyotherindustriesmayhavealongwaitbeforetheeconomicfogfinallylifts.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutCiscofromthepassage?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thestaffcanperformbetterby（）.

3.Whatisimportantintheunstabletimeifacompanywantstochangestrategies?

4.ThereasonUnileverplansnottoissuefinancialforecastin2009liesin（）.

5.Whatcanweknowaboutthegiantchipmaker-Intelinthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwillkeeparecordoftheordersfromsalesteams.

B.Itcuts$1billioncostbysolelyrelyingonitsowntechnologies.

C.Unlikeothertechnologycompanies,itsfinancialreportsareencouraging.

D.Onlyemployeescanusethevideo-conferencingtopassinformation.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.gettinginstructionsfromtheirseniormanagers

B.seizingwhattodoathandandwhattodonext

C.havingafinancialforecastasagoal

D.sharingtheirgoalswithothers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toissuecompany'sfinancialreportsfaster.

B.Toobtaintheupto-dateinformationofcompany'sbusiness.

C.Topredictthatisgoingtohappeninthefuture.

D.Towaituntiltheeconomicfogfinallylifts.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.itsreluctancetoshareitsgoalwithothers

B.itsrapidgraspofchangesinthemarkets

C.theunstableeconomicsituation

D.itsreductioninthecostofprediction

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itdidnotissuefirst-quarterforecastforgreatdecreaseinJanuary.

B.Interschainstoreusedtoreportsalesestimatesbyyear.

C.Onlyretailersandchipmakersaregreatlyinfluenced.

D.Intel'sprofitwasgreatlydecreasedin2008'slastquarter.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:根據(jù)文章,我們能了解關(guān)于Cisco的什么信息？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Cisco定位至第一段第三句:...itsseniorexecutivescantrackexactlywhatordersarecominginfromsalesteamsaroundtheworld,andidentifyemergingtrendsineachregionandmarketsegment(思科公司的高級(jí)主管每天都會(huì)跟蹤銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)的訂單，確定各個(gè)地區(qū)的新興發(fā)展趨勢(shì))。因此，A項(xiàng)“它跟蹤銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)的訂單”正確。

2.判斷推理題。題干意為:根據(jù)作者所述,員工通過(guò)什么方式能表現(xiàn)更好？A:從經(jīng)驗(yàn)管理者那得到指導(dǎo)。文章并未提及,故排除。B:掌握手頭上和將要做的事情。第四段第一句指出:Ifeverybodyinacompanycanrapidlygraspwhattheyhavetodoandhowitischanging,theyaremorelikelytogetthejobdone(如果公司的每名員工都可以迅速掌握自己目前和下一步該做的事情，那么，他們就能更容易地將工作完成),因此B項(xiàng)正確。C:將財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)測(cè)作為目標(biāo)。D:與他人分享目標(biāo)。第四段第二句確實(shí)提到財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)測(cè)和財(cái)務(wù)目標(biāo)的論述，但是，作者并沒(méi)有將它們與員工的表現(xiàn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。因此排除C項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)。綜上所述,本題選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:在不穩(wěn)定的時(shí)期，如果公司想改變策略，什么是重要的？第三段最后一句指出：Arapidexchangeofinformationandinstructionsisespeciallyvaluableifthecompanywantstoaltercourseinstormytimes(如果公司想在動(dòng)蕩時(shí)期改變策略，必須迅速交流信息與指示)。因此，B項(xiàng)“獲得公司最新的業(yè)務(wù)信息”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:聯(lián)合利華不計(jì)劃發(fā)布其2009年的財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)測(cè)的原因是？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Unilever以及financialforecastin2009定位至第三句:Unilever...hasdecidedagainstissuinga2009financialforecasttoinvestors,arguingthatitisdifficulttopredictwhatisgoingtohappen,giventhedangerousstateoftheworldeconomy(考慮到世界經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩不安的局勢(shì)，一切事情都很難預(yù)測(cè)，所以聯(lián)合利華不計(jì)劃發(fā)布其2009年的財(cái)務(wù)預(yù)測(cè))。因此C項(xiàng)“不穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意為:關(guān)于大型芯片生產(chǎn)巨頭——英特爾，我們知道什么？根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞giantchipmaker-Intel定位至最后一段第二句:ThegiantchipmakersaidinJanuarythatitwouldnotissueanofficialforecastforthefirstquarterof2009afteritsfourth—-quarter2008profitdecreasedby90%(根據(jù)大型芯片生產(chǎn)巨頭——英特爾1月份的聲明，2008年第四季度其利潤(rùn)下降了90%,因此，該公司不會(huì)正式發(fā)布其2009年第一季度的預(yù)估)。因此，D項(xiàng)“英特爾在2008年最后一個(gè)季度的利潤(rùn)有大幅下降”正確。

8.單選題

Whilethecompany’sCEOprofessestobeconfidentandurgesthedealforward,itsinvestorsareunlikelytobeso_______aboutitsprospects.Manywereuncomfortableatthewaythecorporationwasforcedtospendmuchofitscapitalinlastyear’sexpansion,andthisnewventureispotentiallyevenmorerisky.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.apathetic

B.sanguine

C.apprehensive

D.anxious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apathetic“無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的；缺乏興趣的”；B選項(xiàng)sanguine“樂(lè)觀的，充滿希望的”；C選項(xiàng)apprehensive“憂慮的”；D選項(xiàng)anxious“擔(dān)憂的；急切的”。句意：雖然該公司的首席執(zhí)行官聲稱有信心并敦促該交易繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，但其投資者不太可能對(duì)其前景如此_______。根據(jù)while“雖然”，這里指CEO“首席執(zhí)行官”和investors“投資者”態(tài)度相反，sanguine“樂(lè)觀的，充滿希望的”和confident“充滿信心”意思相近，搭配unlikelyto符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

I’mverygladtoknowthatmybosshasgenerouslyagreedto（

）mydebtinreturnforcertainservices.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeaway

B.cutout

C.writeoff

D.clearup

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:我很高興得知老板慷慨地將我的債務(wù)（

），作為我為企業(yè)服務(wù)多年的一種回報(bào)。

takeaway:帶走，拿走，取走。cutout:切斷，刪去，關(guān)掉。writeoff勾銷，注銷，取消。clearup:清理，放晴，整理，打掃。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意,在這里表示“將我的債務(wù)一筆勾銷”。

10.單選題

Immediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithitmeanalsothatmuchofwhatappearsinanewspaperhasnomorethan______value.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transitional

B.sentimental

C.transient

D.inscrutable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)transitional“變遷的，過(guò)渡期的”，B項(xiàng)sentimental“傷感的，多愁善感的，感情用事的”，C項(xiàng)transient“短暫的，路過(guò)的”，D項(xiàng)inscrutable“神秘的，不可理解的，不能預(yù)測(cè)的”。根據(jù)Immediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithit“即時(shí)性以及隨之而來(lái)的生產(chǎn)速度”可知，“短暫的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：即時(shí)性和與之相伴隨的生產(chǎn)速度也意味著，報(bào)紙上出現(xiàn)的很多東西只不過(guò)是短暫的價(jià)值。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

“John's（）wasirritating.Hewasreluctanteventobuybread”

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.jealousy

B.soreness

C.luck

D.parsimony

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)后半句Hewasreluctanteventobuybread.（他甚至連買個(gè)面包都很不情愿）可知，他是相當(dāng)吝嗇。A選項(xiàng)為“嫉妒”；B選項(xiàng)為“悲傷，痛苦”；C選項(xiàng)為“幸運(yùn)”；D項(xiàng)“吝嗇的，過(guò)度節(jié)儉”，因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

12.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis______producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)absorption“吸收，全神貫注，專心致志”，B項(xiàng)dissemination“宣傳，散播，傳染（病毒）”，C項(xiàng)assimilation“同化，吸收”，D項(xiàng)interaction“相互作用，相互影響，交流”。根據(jù)watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit“水從它附近的所有物質(zhì)中吸收熱量”可知，absorption符合語(yǔ)境。句意：水在從固體變成液體的過(guò)程中，會(huì)從周圍所有物質(zhì)吸收熱量，而這種吸收會(huì)在周圍產(chǎn)生人造的寒冷。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Joereturnedfromvacationandwokeupcompletely（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshed

B.beingrefreshed

C.havingrefreshed

D.havingbeenrefreshed

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。B選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式，“beingdone”，C選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成形式“havingdone”，D選項(xiàng)是動(dòng)名詞的完成+被動(dòng)形式“havingbeendone”，句意：?jiǎn)潭燃倩貋?lái)，醒來(lái)后精神抖擻。所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)該是A選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Mr.Jenkinsdrovealongathisusualhighspeed（

）forpolicecarsinhismirrorfromtimetotimetomakesurehewassafe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pullingout

B.runningthrough

C.goingahead

D.watchingout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。pullout“離開；撤離；拔出”；runthrough“跑著穿過(guò)；瀏覽；揮霍”；goahead“前進(jìn)；進(jìn)行”；watchout“小心；提防”。句意：詹金森先生以自己平時(shí)的高速開車，時(shí)不時(shí)從后視鏡提防警察，確保自己是安全的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

Inselectingamaterial,theengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition（

）itissubject.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.where

B.towhich

C.inwhich

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：該工程師在選擇材料時(shí)關(guān)注它的性能，其決定自身在負(fù)載和受限制的情況下將如何表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“theloadsandcondition”可知關(guān)系代詞“where”不符合，再由subject一般構(gòu)成“besubjectto受制于”的固定搭配知B項(xiàng)“towhich”正確。

16.單選題

Forcenturiesanimalshavebeenusedas（）forpeopleinexperimentstoassesstheeffectsoftherapeuticandotheragentsthatmightlaterbeusedinhumans.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.benefactors

B.companions

C.precedent

D.surrogates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:benefactor“捐助者”；B:companion“同伴”；C:precedent“先例”；D:surrogate“代理；代用品，代替”。句意：幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，動(dòng)物在實(shí)驗(yàn)中被用作人類的替代品，用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)那些以后會(huì)用在人類身上的醫(yī)療制劑和其他制劑的效果。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知D為正確答案。

17.單選題

Theenterpriseintroducedanincentivebonusforhighproductivity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motive

B.initiative

C.encouragement

D.entertainment

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)句意：企業(yè)為了提高生產(chǎn)力引進(jìn)了……獎(jiǎng)金。incentive意為“刺激，激勵(lì)的”。A選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī)，目的”；B選項(xiàng)initiative“主動(dòng)權(quán)，首創(chuàng)精神”；C選項(xiàng)encouragement“鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)”；D選項(xiàng)entertainment“娛樂(lè)，消遣，款待”。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

18.單選題

Jobhuntingisnevereasy,butwhatifdatacouldbeusedtomaketheprocessalittlelessstressful?CompaniessuchasLinkedinandMholdvastamountsofinformationonpeople’sprofessionallives,butthereisoneorganizationthatsurpassesthemall:thefederalgovernment.Althoughrichandcomprehensive,governmentlabordatacanoftenbehardtoaccess,boundbynettapeandcloakedinjargon.

“Withtoday’stechnologies,wecandoalotmoretobuildopendatasetsforskills,”saidAneeshChopra,theWhileHouse’sfirstchieftechnologyofficerandfounderofArlington-basedstart-upHunchAnalytics.Duringhistenure,Chopra’sroleinvolvedmakinggovernmentdatamoreaccessible.It’samissionhehascontinuedafterhisdeparture,assemblingabandofpublicofficials,techentrepreneursandthink-tankanalystswhosefocusisfirmlyonthelabormarket.

ArobusteconomicrecoverytemperedbyflatwageshasreinforcedtheneedtoconnectAmericanswithhigher-payingtechnologyjobs,accordingtotheWhiteHouse.ThatwastherationalebehindthePresident’snewinitiative,announcedlastweek,totrainandhireAmericansformorethan500,000unfilledinformationtechnologyjobsthroughpartnershipswithlocalcommunities.

“There’snotastandard,real-time,modernwaytoidentifyalltheskillsoureconomyneedsinplaytoday.Workforceandtalentplannershaveadauntingjobinensuringtheyhaveaready-nowworkforce,sothemoredatatheycanget,thebetterinformedtheyare.”saidLeighanneLevensaler,seniorvicepresidentofproductsatWorkday,ahumanresourcessoftwarecompanythatwasinvolvedintheproject.

TheclosestthingtoastandardnationaldatabaseistheLaborDepartment’sOccupationalInformationnetworkWebsite,knownasO*Net.Builtinthe1990s,thesitecompilesdataonmorethan900occupations,withdetailsaboutjobskills,averagecompensationandasearchtooltofindjobsbystate.Butalthoughthesiteiscontinuallyupdated,ithasbeenslowtokeeppacewiththechangingjobmarket,accordingtoCopraandLevensaler.

ApushtomodernizeO*Netisthegroup’snextbigundertaking.ThePresident’s2016budgetproposalincludesa$5millionrequesttostudyandtestapproachesmodernizeandpotentiallystreamlinedatacollectionforO*Net.Themeasureseeksto“provideup-to-datecoverageofoccupationsandskills,particularlyforhigh-growth,changingindustries.”Chopraconvenedaroundtableofgovernmentofficials,academicsandprivate-sectorexecutiveslastmonthtodiscussmeasurestoimproveO*Net.WorkdayandLinkedInareamongthecompaniesinterestedintheeffort—whichisstillataconceptualstage,Choprasaid.

Toopen-dataadvocatessuchasChopra,there’snobettertimetoharnessthepowerofinformationfortheeconomy.“Noonecompany,nomatterhowamazingtheyare,hasthecapacitytogeteveryemployerinAmericatoopenuptheirskillsdataforeveryjobposting,”hesaid,“Thegovernmenthasthecapacitytoconvenestakeholderstoopenupthedata.”

1.Inwhatrespectisthecompanydatabaseinferiortothatoffederalgovernment?

2.ThepassageimpliesthatAneeshChopra（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldLeighannebemostlikelytoagreewith?

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatO*Net（

）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,Chopraemphasizes（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Amplitude

B.Accessibility

C.Integrity

D.Authority

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.servesastheWhiteHouse’schieftechnologyofficer

B.setsupacompanyonthebasisofgovernmentdata

C.stickstotheimprovementofgovernmentdatasets

D.hiresagroupofexpertsonbehalfofthegovernment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernmentshouldissueinformationabouthigher-payingvacancies.

B.Itisimpossibletoincludeallkindsofprofessionalskillsindatabase.

C.Workforceshouldbepreparedatanytimeforjobsingreatneed.

D.Moreinformationhelpsplannerstoconnectworkforcewithpositions.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.functionsasastandardnationaldatabase

B.triestocompilethechangeofjobdata

C.getsfinancialsupportfromthegovernment

D.attractscompaniesintotheupdateproject

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceofinformationtechnology

B.thegovernment’sroleasanorganizer

C.thenecessityofopeningupjobdatabase

D.thelimitationofallinformationcompanies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“CompaniessuchasLinkedinandMholdvastamountsofinformationonpeople’sprofessionallives,butthereisoneorganizationthatsurpassesthemall:thefederalgovernment.Linkedin和M等公司擁有大量有關(guān)人們職業(yè)生活的信息，但有一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的信息比它們都多：聯(lián)邦政府?！笨芍?lián)邦政府比其他公司的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的信息要多。故A項(xiàng)正確。Amplitude豐富性，充足；Accessibility獲取性；Integrity完整性；Authority權(quán)威性。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“Duringhistenure,Chopra’sroleinvolvedmakinggovernmentdatamoreaccessible.It’samissionhehascontinuedafterhisdeparture,assemblingabandofpublicofficials,techentrepreneursandthink-tankanalystswhosefocusisfirmlyonthelabormarket.在喬普拉的任期內(nèi)，他的職責(zé)是讓政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)更容易獲取。離職后，他一直在繼續(xù)這項(xiàng)使命，組建了一群專注于勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的政府官員、科技企業(yè)家和智庫(kù)分析師。”可知C項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持改進(jìn)政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第四段“Workforceandtalentplannershaveadauntingjobinensuringtheyhaveaready-nowworkforce,sothemoredatatheycanget,thebetterinformedtheyare.勞動(dòng)力和人才規(guī)劃人員要確保他們擁有現(xiàn)成的勞動(dòng)力，這是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，因此他們能得到的數(shù)據(jù)越多，就越了解情況。”可知D項(xiàng)“更多的信息有助于規(guī)劃人員將勞動(dòng)力與職位聯(lián)系起來(lái)”正確。A項(xiàng)“政府應(yīng)該發(fā)布高薪職位的信息”；B項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中不可能包含所有的專業(yè)技能”；C項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)力應(yīng)該在任何時(shí)候?yàn)橛芯薮笮枨蟮墓ぷ髯龊脺?zhǔn)備”文中都未提及。

4.推理判斷題。由第五段“Builtinthe1990s,thesitecompilesdataonmorethan900occupations,withdetailsaboutjobskills,averagecompensationandasearchtooltofindjobsbystate.Butalthoughthesiteiscontinuallyupdated,ithasbeenslowtokeeppacewiththechangingjobmarket,accordingtoCopraandLevensaler.該網(wǎng)站創(chuàng)建于上世紀(jì)90年代，收集了900多個(gè)職業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)，包括工作技能、平均薪酬等細(xì)節(jié)，以及一個(gè)按州找工作的搜索工具。但據(jù)科帕拉和利文塞勒說(shuō)，盡管該網(wǎng)站不斷更新，但仍跟不上就業(yè)市場(chǎng)變化的步伐?！薄癟hemeasureseeksto‘provideup-to-datecoverageofoccupationsandskills,particularlyforhigh-growth,changingindustries.’該措施旨在‘提供最新的職業(yè)和技能，特別是高增長(zhǎng)、變化的行業(yè)?！笨芍摴鞠雽?shí)時(shí)更新職位信息。故B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Toopen-dataadvocatessuchasChopra,there’snobettertimetoharnessthepowerofinformationfortheeconomy.‘Noonecompany,nomatterhowamazingtheyare,hasthecapacitytogeteveryemployerinAmericatoopenuptheirskillsdataforeveryjobposting,’hesaid,‘Thegovernmenthasthecapacitytoconvenestakeholderstoopenupthedata.’對(duì)于Chopra這樣的公開數(shù)據(jù)倡導(dǎo)者來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在是駕馭信息力量促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。他說(shuō):‘沒(méi)有一家公司，不管他們有多了不起，有能力讓美國(guó)的每一個(gè)雇主公開他們的技能數(shù)據(jù)。而政府有能力召集利益相關(guān)者公開這些數(shù)據(jù)?！笨芍狢hopra強(qiáng)調(diào)政府在使雇主公開技能數(shù)據(jù)過(guò)程中的重要性。故B項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Withthe（）ofaluminum,shinymetalssuchastinorcopperturnsintoblackpowderswhengroundfine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reception

B.deception

C.exception

D.perception

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。Withtheexceptionof指除了...之外。句意：除了鋁之外,其他的亮光金屬，如錫或銅，在磨細(xì)后都會(huì)變成黑色粉末。

20.單選題

Theteacher’spridewasdistraughtwhenhediscoveredthathalfhisclasshad（

）theexam.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reassessed

B.disdained

C.flunked

D.redeemed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。reassessed對(duì)······再評(píng)價(jià)；disdained鄙視，蔑視；flunked放棄，失敗；redeemed贖回，恢復(fù)。句意：當(dāng)老師發(fā)現(xiàn)他班上有一半的學(xué)生放棄了考試的時(shí)候，他的自尊心受到嚴(yán)重打擊。由前后語(yǔ)義可知空格處所填單詞為貶義詞，與考試搭配的最合適的選項(xiàng)是C項(xiàng)。

21.翻譯題

許多人覺(jué)得跟計(jì)算機(jī)打交道比跟人打交道更自在。計(jì)算機(jī)更有耐心，不會(huì)對(duì)操作的人評(píng)頭論足。許多學(xué)生向教師請(qǐng)教的時(shí)候，總會(huì)感到緊張，他們樂(lè)于向計(jì)算機(jī)提問(wèn)。有些病人更愿意向計(jì)算機(jī)而不是向醫(yī)生說(shuō)明自己的病情，甚至出現(xiàn)了能夠解決心理問(wèn)題的計(jì)算機(jī)程序，因?yàn)樵S多人覺(jué)得與別人討論自己的心理問(wèn)題不太自在。

【答案】答：

Manypeoplefeelthatit’smorecomfortabletodealwithcomputersthanwithpeople.Theywillnotfeeljudgedbecausethecomputerismorepatient.Manystudentsfeelnervouswhentheyaskteachersforadvice,sotheyaremorewillingtoturntocomputers.Somepatientsprefertoexplaintheirillnesstoacomputerratherthanadoctor.Asaresult,thereareevencomputerprogramsthatcandealwithpsychologicalproblems,becausemanyfeeluncomfortablediscussingtheirpsychologicalproblemswithothers.

22.單選題

Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall（）inallthree.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rare

B.lacking

C.short

D.scarce

【答案