考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大理大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大理大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingfromEnglishintoChinese.

Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,

justasasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.

Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendtheremainderofourlives.

Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaybringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.

【答案】我們可以把神秘的、不可知的未來塑造成我們所能想象到的任何東西，就像雕刻家將不成形的石頭上雕刻成雕像一樣。我們都站在農(nóng)民的立場(chǎng)。如果我們播下好的種子，我們就會(huì)收獲好收成。如果我們的種子貧瘠，雜草叢生，我們就會(huì)收獲無用的莊稼。如果我們什么都不種，我們就什么也收獲不了。

我希望未來比過去更美好。我不希望它會(huì)被那些充斥在過去中的錯(cuò)誤與過失所污染。我們都應(yīng)該關(guān)心未來，因?yàn)槲覀儗⒃谖磥矶冗^余生。

往昔已逝，靜如止水。我們所能做的一切都改變不了它。未來就在我們面前，充滿活力。我們所做的每一件都將會(huì)影響它。只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)到這些，在我們的家中和在企業(yè)中，每一天都會(huì)帶來新的領(lǐng)域。在人類努力開拓的每一片領(lǐng)域上，我們正處于進(jìn)步的開端。

2.填空題

Ingeneral,I’mgladthatIdon’townacar.（1）IdowishthatI（2）amotorcycle,though.It（3）benicetobeabletoget（4）ofthecityonweekends.Ienjoywanderinginthemountains（5）thenorthandwestofourcampus,buttransportation（6）makeithardformetodothatmorethanthreeorfourtimes（7）year.AmotorbikeisjustwhatIneed.

【答案】1.sometimes

2.owned

3.would

4.out

5.to

6.Problems

7.a

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。由空格前句意“我通常高興自己沒有車”中“ingeneral通?！奔翱崭窈箨P(guān)鍵詞“though但是”的對(duì)應(yīng)可推知這里表示“有時(shí)也希望自己擁有一輛摩托車”。

2.語(yǔ)義題。句意:有時(shí)也希望自己擁有一輛摩托車。此處為wish引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望（其構(gòu)成為主語(yǔ)+wishthat+從句主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式（be—律用were）。

3.這里用表將來的委婉語(yǔ)氣詞“would”表示“將會(huì)”。

4.固定搭配。getoutof離開。

5.語(yǔ)法題?？疾榻樵~。tothenorthandwestofsth.在…的北面和西面

6.語(yǔ)義題。句意:交通問題讓我為難。

7.語(yǔ)義題。這里表示“每年三次或四次”。

3.單選題

Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.AsagraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960s,IrememberexperiencingtheeventsrelatedtothePeople’sParkthatworeoccurringoncampus.SomeoftheseeventsweregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifounditinterestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptionsobtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedonnewscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothedistinctionsbetweentheserealities.

Electronicmediaarehavingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreandmoreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephonecommunicationsarelinkingpeopletoglobalvillage,orwhatonewritercallstheelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyourhomeeveryday.Consideralsothecontactyouhavewithotherssimplybyusingtelephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“l(fā)iveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedanimmediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributedworldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseevents,theydevelopedsomeperceptionoftheserealities.

In1992,manypeoplewatchedinhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles,seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventswastriggeredbytheverdict（裁定）intheRodneyKingbeating.32.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeople,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeating,couldnotunderstandhowthe—jurywasabletoacquit（宣布無罪）thepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhaveharmfulresults,asisseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFridaynightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleading,“Canweallgetalong?”BySaturday,televisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLosAngelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousandsofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthat,manymorepeopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision.Therealhealing,ofcourse,willtakemuchlonger,butelectronicmediawillcontinuetobeapartofthatprocess.

1.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytobefrom?

2.The1989SanFranciscoearthquakewasmentionedtoshow（）.

3.Theterm"electroniccity"，（para.2）refersto（）.

4.The1992LosAngelesriotsbrokeoutbecause（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TextbookofMedia

B.Thesis

C.NewspaperorMagazine

D.Speech

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.howdamagingtheearthquakewas

B.howpeoplecarriedoutrescuework

C.theelectronicmediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact

D.theviewers’impressionoftotaldisaster

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.LosAngeles

B.SanFrancisco

C.Berkeley

D.Earth

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thejuryacquittedthepolicemenwhohadbeatenRodneyKing

B.peoplecanmaketheirownjudgments

C.videocoveragefromhelicoptershadmadepeopleangry

D.videocoveragehadprovidedpowerfulfeedback

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccurcanhaveeithergoodorbadresults.

B.mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideooftheRodneyKingbeatingagreewiththeverdictofjury.

C.the1992LosAngelesriotslastedawholeweek.

D.RodneyKingseemedveryangrywhenheappearedontelevisiononFriday.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。本文通俗易懂，列舉了大量實(shí)例讓公眾能更好地理解，具有很強(qiáng)的煽動(dòng)性，說明了媒體報(bào)道既有好的一面也可能帶來壞的影響，全面公正，符合演講的風(fēng)格。A項(xiàng)“媒體的教科書”和B項(xiàng)“理論”涉及到大量的理論支撐，本文并沒有太多理論，相反舉了大量例子。故AB項(xiàng)排除。C項(xiàng)“報(bào)紙或雜志”需要很強(qiáng)的畫面感，語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該言簡(jiǎn)意賅，與本文語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格不符。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“l(fā)iveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.這些媒體可以擴(kuò)展你的意識(shí)和你的接觸層面。例如，1989年舊金山地震的視頻報(bào)道聚焦于“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)行動(dòng)”，比如火災(zāi)或救援行動(dòng)。這給觀眾一種災(zāi)難的印象?？芍?989年舊金山地震的視頻報(bào)道是對(duì)thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact的舉例論證，故可推知該例子是為了表明這些媒體可以拓展你的意識(shí)和接觸層面。C項(xiàng)是對(duì)“thesemedia…”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故C項(xiàng)正確。

3.詞義題。由第二段“Televisionandtelephonecommunicationsarelinkingpeopletoglobalvillage,orwhatonewritercallstheelectroniccity.由or可知electroniccity與“globalvillage”地球村同義，再聯(lián)系上下文可知，電子媒體將我們聯(lián)系在一起，electroniccity本義為電子城，在文中指電子媒體將地球上的人們聯(lián)系起來。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第三段1992,manypeoplewatchedinhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles,seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.ThiseventswastriggeredbytheverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeople,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeating,couldnotunderstandhowthe—jurywasabletoacquit（宣布無罪）thepolicemeninvolved.1992年的一個(gè)令人悲傷的周三晚上，洛杉磯爆發(fā)了騷亂，許多人驚恐地目睹了這一切，似乎直升機(jī)上的視頻報(bào)道助長(zhǎng)了騷亂。這一事件是由羅德尼?金毆打案的判決引發(fā)的。我們處于一個(gè)公眾都能獲得信息并且能作出判斷的時(shí)代，大多數(shù)人到這個(gè)毆打視頻后都不能理解陪審團(tuán)為什么會(huì)宣布?xì)驘o辜者的警察無罪。可知1992洛杉磯爆發(fā)騷亂的原因在于陪審團(tuán)宣布?xì)騅ing的警察無罪。故A項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第三段"Mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhaveharmfulresults,asisseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.媒體對(duì)事件發(fā)生時(shí)的報(bào)道也提供了影響事件的有力反饋。這可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害的結(jié)果，就像洛杉磯周三晚上發(fā)生的那樣?？芍襟w對(duì)事件的報(bào)道會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害影響。而第二段提到了電子媒體對(duì)人們的生活的積極影響。故綜合全篇來看，媒體對(duì)事件的報(bào)道既可以帶來積極影響也可能帶來有害的影響。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)看過羅德尼?金毆打視頻的人都同意陪審團(tuán)的裁決?！迸c原文內(nèi)容相反。C項(xiàng)“1992洛杉磯暴亂持續(xù)了一整個(gè)星期”，文中提到該暴亂開始與周三的晚上，于周六演變成和平集會(huì)，所以并不是持續(xù)了一整周。故C項(xiàng)不正確。D項(xiàng)與原文“ByFridaynightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleading,“Canweallgetalong?到周五晚上，公眾看到羅德尼?金在電視上懇求道:“我們能和睦相處嗎？”不符，從原文可看出RodneyKing并不是很生氣。故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

4.單選題

Thisticket（）youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gives

B.grants

C.entitles

D.credits

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意：這張票使你有資格在我們新開的餐館享受一頓免費(fèi)的用餐。C選項(xiàng)entitle“使某人有...權(quán)利或資格”，后常接介詞to意為“擁有...的權(quán)利”，符合語(yǔ)境；A選項(xiàng)give和B選項(xiàng)grant都有“授予”的意思，但接sb.的時(shí)候后不接介詞，而是give/grantsb.sth.，所以均不正確；D選項(xiàng)credit做動(dòng)詞意為“相信，把...歸給”，不符合語(yǔ)境。所以本題選C。

5.單選題

Accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenpersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear.Ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld;itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.

Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlyleamshisemotions,butalsolearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotion.

Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotion:positiveandnegative.Positiveemotionsincludelove,liking,joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthatappealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappyordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,anddisgust.Ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththenegativeemotionsinordertobehappy.

Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsaresounpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem.Inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaystoavoidtheemotion.

Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentiontowhatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsfortheexamination.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedbysomethingthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?（）

3.Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto（）.

4.Wecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamif（）.

5.Asusedinthelastsentence,theword“drains”means（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onethinksbadorgood

B.onefeelsindanger

C.onefacesintheoutsideworld

D.onetriestoescapefrominreallife

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.

B.Babiesarebornwithemotions.

C.Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.

D.Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhypeoplehaveemotions

B.showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotions

C.explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotions

D.defineandclassifypeople’semotions

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hecannotthinkproperly

B.hecannotpayattentiontoit

C.hecannotadjusthimselftoit

D.heisnotfullofenergy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.stops

B.ties

C.weakens

D.flowsgradually

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一句accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood提到人的情感是由于人或者動(dòng)物將某物視作好或壞的時(shí)候。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.文章第二段第二句manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions提到嬰兒被認(rèn)為生下來沒有情感。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章主要介紹了什么是人類的情感，有哪些種類，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章最后一段倒數(shù)第二句forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly提到參加考試的學(xué)生害怕考試失敗而難以正常思考。如果不能正常思考，考試就可能失敗。所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.題干中的drain的意思是“流干”。在文中指的是擔(dān)憂將人們所需的經(jīng)歷削弱，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（

）andneedsproving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneous

B.intuitive

C.hypothetical

D.empirical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。Spontaneous“自發(fā)的，自然的”；intuitive“直覺的，直觀的”；hypothetical“假設(shè)的”；empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”。根據(jù)題意“無論是誰(shuí)提出了宇宙起源的理論”，這都是需要證明的，說明這只是一個(gè)假設(shè)。所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Idon’tmind______thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.yourdelayingtomake

B.youdelaytomake

C.youtodelaymaking

D.yourdelayingmaking

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。句意：只要不是太晚，我不介意你推遲做決定。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，delaydoingsth.“推遲做某事”，mind和delay后跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，D選項(xiàng)yourdelayingmaking符合題意。其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Thelawyerbrowbeatthewitnessintoconfessinghehadseenthecrimecommitted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.talked

B.forced

C.caressed

D.intimidated

【答案】D

【解析】句意：律師恫嚇證人承認(rèn)他目睹了犯罪。browbeat意為恫嚇，嚇唬。只有選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

9.單選題

Hersadnesswasobvious,butshebelievedthatherfeelingofdepressionwas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.torrent

B.transient

C.tensile

D.textured

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。torrent急流，激流；transient短暫的；tensile可伸長(zhǎng)的，可拉長(zhǎng)的；textured起紋理的，質(zhì)地不平的。能與feelingofdepression搭配的只有B項(xiàng)。句意：她很悲傷，但是她相信這種悲傷的感覺只是短暫的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Therearenowadaysnotmanyteacherswhoarestrong

oftraditionalmethodsinclassroomteaching.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sponsors

B.contributors

C.advocates

D.performers

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。Sponsors“贊助商”；contributors“貢獻(xiàn)者，參與者”；advocates“擁護(hù)者，提倡者”；performers“表演者，執(zhí)行者”。句意：現(xiàn)在提倡在教學(xué)中使用傳統(tǒng)方法的老師不多了。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

11.單選題

Whentraveling,youareadvisedtotaketravelers,checks,whichprovideasecure______tocarryingyourmoneyincash.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitute

B.selection

C.inference

D.alternative

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。substitute“代替品”；selection“選擇”；inference“推斷”；alternative“供替代的選擇”。句意：旅行時(shí)，建議你帶上旅行支票，這是對(duì)攜帶現(xiàn)金的一種可供選擇的安全保證。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thevitaminsareneededfor（

）foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shifting

B.transferring

C.altering

D.transforming

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。shift意為“轉(zhuǎn)移，挪動(dòng)”，指位置的改變，切換；transfer意為“轉(zhuǎn)移，調(diào)動(dòng)”，指的是轉(zhuǎn)換工作、學(xué)習(xí)、搬遷等外在的改變，而物體自身并沒有變；alter意為“改變，更改”，指替換（用一個(gè)替換另一個(gè)）；transform意為“改變”，指形狀、外形的改變，物體本身自己形態(tài)的改變。

句意：維生素是將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量和維持身體所必需的。

13.單選題

Thousandsofpeoplelefttheirruralhomesandflockedintothecitiestolivebesidethenewfactories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dashed

B.filed

C.strolled

D.swarmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。flockinto表示“大批地涌進(jìn)，成群結(jié)隊(duì)涌到”；A項(xiàng)dash“猛沖，匆忙”，B項(xiàng)file“提出（申請(qǐng)），把……歸檔”，C項(xiàng)stroll“散步，閑逛”，D項(xiàng)swarm“成群來回移動(dòng)，蜂擁而至”。句意：成千上萬(wàn)的人離開農(nóng)村，涌入城市，住在新工廠旁邊。根據(jù)句意可知，該題D項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Itrainedheavily,and（）afloodcamedestroyingeverythinginthevalley.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consequently

B.yet

C.subsequently

D.thus

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。consequently“因此，結(jié)果”；yet“但是”；subsequently“隨后，后來”；thus“因此，從而”。句意：雨下得很大，______洪水摧毀了山谷中的一切?？崭裉幒笫谴笥暝斐傻慕Y(jié)果，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywerehauntedbytheprospectthatunprecedentedchangeinthenation’seconomywouldbringsocialchaos.Intheyearsfollowing1820,afterseveraldecadesofrelativestability,theeconomyenteredaperiodofsustainedandextremelyrapidgrowththatcontinuedtotheendofthenineteenthcentury.Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethatfeaturedincreasingeconomicdiversificationandagradualshiftinthenation’slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingandothernonagriculturalpursuits.

Althoughthebirthratecontinuedtodeclinefromitshighleveloftheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcentury,thepopulationroughlydoubledeverygenerationduringtherestofthenineteenthcentury.Asthepopulationgrew,itsmakeupalsochanged.Massivewavesofimmigrationbroughtnewethnicgroupsintothecountry.Geographicandsocialmobility—downwardaswellasupward—touchedalmosteveryone.Localstudiesindicatethatnearlythree-quartersofthepopulation—intheNorthandSouth,intheemergingcitiesoftheNortheast,andintherestlessruralcountiesoftheWest—changedtheirresidenceachdecade.Asaconsequence,historianDavidDonaldhaswritten,“Socialatomizationaffectedeverysegmentofsociety,”anditseemedtomanypeoplethat“alltherecognizedvaluesoforderlycivilizationweregraduallybeingeroded.”

Rapidindustrializationandincreasedgeographicmobilityinthenineteenthcenturyhadspecialimplicationsforwomenbecausethesechangestendedtomagnifysocialdistinctions.Astherolesmenandwomenplayedinsocietybecamemorerigidlydefined,sodidtherolestheyplayedinthehome.Inthecontextofextremecompetitivenessanddizzyingsocialchange,thehouseholdlostmanyofitsearlierfunctionsandthehomecametoserveasahavenoftranquilityandorder.Asthesizeoffamiliesdecreased,therolesofhusbandandwifebecamemoreclearlydifferentiatedthaneverbefore.Inthemiddleclassespecially,menparticipatedintheproductiveeconomywhilewomenruledthehomeandservedasthecustodiansofcivilityandculture.Theintimacyofmarriagethatwascommoninearlierperiodswasrent,andagulfthatattimesseemedunbridgeablewascreatedbetweenhusbandsandwives.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theeconomyoftheUnitedStatesbetween1820and1900was（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,asthenineteenthcenturyprogressed,thepeopleoftheUnitedStates（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesocietyaboutwhichDavidDonaldwrote?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesintheeighteenthcentury.

B.WaysinwhicheconomicdevelopmentledtosocialchangesintheUnitedStates.

C.PopulationgrowthinthewesternUnitedStates.

D.TheincreasingavailabilityofindustrialjobsforwomenintheUnitedStates.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.expanding

B.insharpdecline

C.stagnate

D.disorganized

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.emigratedtoothercountries

B.oftensettledintheWest

C.tendedtochangetheplaceinwhichtheylived

D.hadahigherrateofbirththaneverbefore

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ahighlyconservativesocietythatwasresistanttonewideas.

B.Asocietythatwasundergoingfundamentalchange.

C.Asocietythathadbeengraduallychangingsincetheearly1700’s.

D.Anomadicsocietythatwasstartingpermanentsettlements.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?1.這篇文章主要討論什么？

A.TheeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesintheeighteenthcentury.A.18世紀(jì)美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

B.WaysinwhicheconomicdevelopmentledtosocialchangesintheUnitedStates.B.經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致美國(guó)社會(huì)變化的方式。

C.PopulationgrowthinthewesternUnitedStates.C.美國(guó)西部的人口增長(zhǎng)。

D.TheincreasingavailabilityofindustrialjobsforwomenintheUnitedStates.D.在美國(guó)，越來越多的工業(yè)工作機(jī)會(huì)為婦女提供。

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)首段第一句“十九世紀(jì)的美國(guó)人被這樣一種前景所困擾：國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的空前變化將帶來社會(huì)混亂”，以及末段第一句“十九世紀(jì)快速的工業(yè)化和不斷增加的地理流動(dòng)性對(duì)婦女產(chǎn)生了特殊的影響，因?yàn)檫@些變化往往擴(kuò)大了社會(huì)差異”可知，該文主要是圍繞社會(huì)的變化來開展；然后，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，文章開頭先介紹經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)引起的社會(huì)混亂，然后后面兩段闡述經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)帶來的社會(huì)的變化，即人口構(gòu)成發(fā)生變化，以及男性和女性的角色明顯地分化；綜合理解我們可以推斷，這篇文章主要討論的是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)社會(huì)變化的影響，B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致美國(guó)社會(huì)變化的方式”符合這一分析。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“18世紀(jì)美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展”和C項(xiàng)“美國(guó)西部的人口增長(zhǎng)”只是在段落里部分提及，屬于以偏概全；

D項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)，越來越多的工業(yè)工作機(jī)會(huì)為婦女提供”，根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“男性參與生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)，而女性則統(tǒng)治家庭，充當(dāng)文明和文化的守護(hù)者”可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,theeconomyoftheUnitedStatesbetween1820and1900was______.2.根據(jù)這篇文章，美國(guó)在1820年到1900年間的經(jīng)濟(jì)是______。

A.expandingA.擴(kuò)張的

B.insharpdeclineB.急劇下降的

C.stagnateC.蕭條的

D.disorganizedD.混亂的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第二句“在1820年之后的幾年里，在經(jīng)歷了幾十年的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定之后，經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)持續(xù)的、極其快速的增長(zhǎng)期（theeconomyenteredaperiodofsustainedandextremelyrapidgrowth），這種增長(zhǎng)期一直持續(xù)到19世紀(jì)末”，從中可知，1820年至1900年，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)的時(shí)期，這與A項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)張的”符合。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B項(xiàng)“急劇下降的”、C項(xiàng)“蕭條的”和D項(xiàng)“混亂的”在文中都沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Accordingtothepassage,asthenineteenthcenturyprogressed,thepeopleoftheUnitedStates______.3.根據(jù)這篇文章，隨著19世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，美國(guó)人民______。

A.emigratedtoothercountriesA.移居到其他國(guó)家

B.oftensettledintheWestB.經(jīng)常在西部定居

C.tendedtochangetheplaceinwhichtheylivedC.傾向于改變他們居住的地方

D.hadahigherrateofbirththaneverbeforeD.出生率比以往任何時(shí)候都高

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段二三四五句“隨著人口的增長(zhǎng)，其構(gòu)成也發(fā)生了變化。大規(guī)模的移民潮把新的種族群體帶入了這個(gè)國(guó)家。地理和社會(huì)的向下和向上流動(dòng)幾乎影響到了所有人。當(dāng)?shù)匮芯勘砻?，近四分之三的北方和南方人口、東北部新興城市以及西部動(dòng)蕩的農(nóng)村縣的人口在十年內(nèi)改變了住所?！本C合理解我們可以推斷，隨著十九世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，美國(guó)人民人口增加，社會(huì)流動(dòng)性也隨之增加，C項(xiàng)“傾向于改變他們居住的地方”與原文描述一致。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“移居到其他國(guó)家”根據(jù)解題思路可知，是其他國(guó)家移居到美國(guó)來，而不是從美國(guó)移居出去，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常在西部定居”根據(jù)解題思路可知，西部的農(nóng)村地區(qū)動(dòng)蕩不安，所以人們每十年更換一次居住地，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“出生率比以往任何時(shí)候都高”，根據(jù)第二段第一句“盡管出生率從18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)初的高水平繼續(xù)下降，但在19世紀(jì)的其余時(shí)間里，人口每一代大約翻一番。”可知，隨著19世紀(jì)的發(fā)展，人口增加但出生率持續(xù)下降，而不是出生率比任何時(shí)候都高，屬于反向干擾。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesocietyaboutwhichDavidDonaldwrote?4.以下哪一項(xiàng)最好地描述了大衛(wèi)?唐納德所寫的社會(huì)？

A.Ahighlyconservativesocietythatwasresistanttonewideas.A.一個(gè)高度保守的社會(huì)，抵制新思想。

B.Asocietythatwasundergoingfundamentalchange.B.一個(gè)正在經(jīng)歷根本變革的社會(huì)。

C.Asocietythathadbeengraduallychangingsincetheearly1700’s.C.一個(gè)從18世紀(jì)早期開始就在逐漸變化的社會(huì)。

D.Anomadicsocietythatwasstartingpermanentsettlements.D.一個(gè)開始永久定居的游牧社會(huì)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段最后一句“歷史學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?唐納德寫道，‘社會(huì)分化影響了社會(huì)的每一個(gè)部分’，在許多人看來，‘有序文明的所有公認(rèn)價(jià)值都在逐漸被侵蝕’?！?，從中可知，社會(huì)分化逐漸侵蝕了有序文明的所有公認(rèn)價(jià)值，這也就是說社會(huì)正在經(jīng)歷根本性的變革，B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)正在經(jīng)歷根本變革的社會(huì)”符合原文。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)高度保守的社會(huì)，抵制新思想”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)從18世紀(jì)早期開始就在逐漸變化的社會(huì)”，根據(jù)第二段可知，是人口的增長(zhǎng)才帶來社會(huì)的變化，而人口增長(zhǎng)是從19世紀(jì)開始，所以該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)開始永久定居的游牧社會(huì)”，原文中并未提及nomadicsociety（游牧社會(huì)），該項(xiàng)無中生有。

16.單選題

Aftermonthsofinvestigation,thepolicemanjudgesitasa(n)（

）murder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willing

B.purposeful

C.voluntary

D.deliberate

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。willing意為“樂意的，自愿的”；purposeful意為“有目的的，故意的”；voluntary意為“自愿的，自發(fā)的”；deliberate意為“故意的，蓄意的”。

句意：經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的調(diào)查，警察判定這是一場(chǎng)蓄意謀殺。

17.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】ingredient原料,要素;reliance信賴,信心;shelter庇護(hù),避難所,遮蓋物;inclination傾向,愛好。句意：知識(shí)是我們老年時(shí)舒適而必要的退隱之所;如果我們年輕時(shí)不準(zhǔn)備,年老時(shí)就得不到它的庇護(hù)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

18.翻譯題

兩根平行的（parallel）橡皮筋（rubberband）所提供的力為一根橡皮筋的兩倍。

【答案】Twoparallelrubberbandsprovidetwiceasmuchforceasonerubberband.

19.單選題

Thatwasaman-madedisasterthatclearly（

）ifthefederalgovernment,theFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,hadquicklymarshaledthepoliticalwillandresourcestoevacuatethosewithoutaccesstocars,insteadofpromotingonitsWebsiteafaith-basedcharitythatclearlynomatchfortheproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.mayhavebeenaverted

B.couldhavebeenaverted

C.mayhaveaverted

D.couldhaveaverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)選項(xiàng)可以判斷本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，空格后為if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。當(dāng)條件句為過去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過去的虛擬時(shí)，主句為would/could/should/might+havedone形式，排除A和C。主句的主語(yǔ)是disaster，與動(dòng)詞avert之間形成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

20.單選題

Hopingthathemightbeableto（

）theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shedlighton

B.makelightof

C.bringlightto

D.setlightto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。shedlighton“解釋；闡明”；makelightof“輕視；對(duì)……不在乎”；bringlightto“為……帶來光明”；setlightto“點(diǎn)火；引火燒”。句意：我請(qǐng)馬里奧看看這個(gè)引擎，希望他可以解決這個(gè)問題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

21.單選題

Architecturalpressuregroupsfoughtunsuccessfullytosaveaterraceofeighteenthcenturyhousesfrom（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abolition

B.demolition

C.disruption

D.dismantling

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了動(dòng)詞辨析。abolition“廢除；廢止”；demolition“毀壞；拆毀（帶有破壞感）”；disruption“分裂；瓦解”；dismantling“拆開，拆卸（機(jī)器或結(jié)構(gòu)）”，根據(jù)terrace“臺(tái)階；門廊”可知此處應(yīng)該選擇動(dòng)詞demolition，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：建筑力學(xué)群體沒有能夠成功保護(hù)一個(gè)十八世紀(jì)的臺(tái)階免遭拆除。

22.單選題

WhendoingbusinesswithanArab,youhavetoendurehoursofsmalltalk,waitingforthetopicofcommercetobebroached.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.broken

B.raised

C.solved

D.concluded

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)broken“折斷；打碎；損壞”；B選項(xiàng)raised“提高，舉起；使（面包）發(fā)酵；撫育，撫養(yǎng)”；C選項(xiàng)solved“解決；解答”；D選項(xiàng)concluded“結(jié)束；推斷；作結(jié)論”。句意：當(dāng)你和一個(gè)阿拉伯人做生意時(shí)，你不得不忍受幾個(gè)小時(shí)的閑聊，等待商業(yè)的話題被提起。本句關(guān)鍵詞bebroached表示“被提出”，beraised可以做同義替換，表示被提出。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

23.單選題

Thecar,atleastasweknowit,isonthewayout,becauseitsexhaust（）athreattotheenvironment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.originates

B.poses

C.offends

D.paralyzes

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)originates“引起，創(chuàng)作”；B選項(xiàng)poses“造成，形成”；C選項(xiàng)offends“冒犯，使……不愉快”；D選項(xiàng)paralyzes“使麻痹，使癱瘓”。句意：這輛車，至少就我們所知，正在被淘汰，因?yàn)樗奈矚鈱?duì)環(huán)境（）了威脅。本句表示“造成了威脅”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

24.單選題

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatsha