工業(yè)工程專業(yè)英語ChaerQualiyManagemen

Chapter8QualityManagementUnit1QualityStandardsandQualityControlUnit2QualityManagementandQualityCost計劃學時：4學時教學內容：4學時，精讀，逐句翻譯，掌握專業(yè)詞匯Unit1QualityStandardsandQualityControl(2學時)Unit2QualityManagementandQualityCost(2學時)教學要求：了解質量的概念，以及全面質量管理的相關內容。本章共一次作業(yè)（作業(yè)10）本章專業(yè)詞匯opportunity：缺陷機會transaction:業(yè)務、交易metrics：度量標準、規(guī)律instructor：講師、教練incentive：鼓勵affiliate：隸屬于literacy：讀寫能力checksheet：檢查表paretochart：排列圖plot:以圖的形式表示histogram：直方圖dispersion：分散性scatterdiagram：散布圖observevalue：觀察值causeandeffectdiagram：因果圖fishbonediagram：魚骨圖specs：規(guī)范、規(guī)格morale：士氣、紀律reliability:可靠性maintainability：可維護性fitnessforuse：適用性customersatisfaction：顧客滿意specification：規(guī)范tolerance：容許偏差monetary：貨幣的、金融的qualityofdesign：設計質量qualityofconformance：符合性質量overengineer：高于工程要求的underengineer：低于工程要求的gauge：計量器technicalcommittee：技術委員會internationalaccreditationforum：國際認證論壇certification：認證registrar:注冊人員audit：審計trivial：瑣碎的template：模型workshop:車間、研討會seminar:研討班demonstrate：示范、說明preliminary：預備的、初級的reproach：責備、譴責forcible：強制的、有說服力的statistic：統(tǒng)計的sixsigmamethodology:6δ法standarddeviation：標準偏差division：部門、分配、分開Unit1QualityStandardsandQualityControl

1.DefinitionsofQuality2.QualityinManufacturing3.QualityinService4.ISO9000SeriesStandards

5.RulesofCertificationtoQMS6.StepsofCertificationtoQMS

Unit1QualityStandardsandQualityControl

7.StatisticQualityControl

8.DefinitionofSixSigmaMethodology

9.KeyElementsofSixSigmaMethodology

10.SixSigmainBusiness

11.SixSigmainEngineering

12.QualityControlTools

1.DefinitionsofQuality

Theformaldefinitionofquality,standardizedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)andtheAmericanSocietyforQualityControl(ASQC)

in1978is"thetotalityoffeaturesandcharacteristicsofaproductorservicethatbearsonitsabilitytosatisfygivenneeds."

Completequalityincludesthe2aspects:Fitnessforuseandconformancetospecifications.

2.QualityinManufacturing

Inmanufacturing,qualityisanimportantcomponentofallfunctions.Productdesignersmusttakecaretoneitheroverengineer(resultingininefficientuseofafirm'sresources)norunderengineerproducts(resultinginpoorquality).3.QualityinService

Themostimportantdimensionsofservicequality:TimeTimelinesCompletenessCourtesyConsistencyAccessibilityandconvenienceAccuracyResponsiveness4.ISO9000SeriesStandardsTheISO9000seriesofqualitymanagementstandardswasdevelopedbytheISOtosetinternationalrequirementsforqualitymanagementsystemsin1979.Theseriescontainsfoursystemstandardsofvaryingcomplexityandcompletenessandtheyare:ISO9001,ISO9002,ISO9003andISO9004.5.RulesofCertificationtoQMSCertificationofaQualityManagementSystem(QMS)tothegenericISO9001:2000standardcanimprovetheabilitytomeetstrategicobjectives.Thefollowingrulesshouldbeobeyed:Makesureyoubegintheprocesswiththerightattitude.Haveacompleteunderstandingoftheconceptsetforthinthestandard,andusethestandardasaguidetemplatetodefineyourmanagementsystem.5.RulesofCertificationtoQMSKnowwhatapplicationandimplicationsofthestandardwillmeantoyourcompany.Usethestandardasatoolforimprovement.Haveanunderstandingoftherisksandprocessesthataffectyourorganization'sabilitytorealizeitsbusinessstrategy.Selectyourpartner(certificationbody/registrar)carefully.6.StepsofCertificationtoQMSObtainastandardReviewliteratureandsoftwareAssembleateamanddefineyourstrategyDeterminetrainingneedsReviewconsultantoptionsDevelopamanagementsystemsmanualDevelopproceduresImplementyourmanagementsystemConsiderapre-assessmentSelectacertificationbody/registrar7.StatisticQualityControlQualitycontrolinvolvesmakingaseriesofplannedmeasurementsinordertodetermineifqualitystandardsarebeingmet.Qualitycontrolactivitymayberequiredattimesorinplaceswheresupervisionandcontrolpersonnelarenotpresent.8.DefinitionofSixSigmaMethodologySixSigmastandsforSixStandardDeviationsfrommean.SixSigmamethodologyprovidesthetechniquesandtoolstoimprovethecapabilityandreducethedefectsinanyprocess.SixSigmausesamethodologyknownasDMAIC(Defineopportunities,Measureperformance,Analyzeopportunity,Improveperformance,Controlperformance)9.KeyElementsofSixSigmaMethodologyThekeyelementsofSixSigmaare:CustomerSatisfactionDefiningProcessesDefiningMetricsandMeasuresforProcessesUsingandUnderstandingDataandSystemsSettingGoalsforImprovementTeamBuildingandInvolvingEmployees10.SixSigmainBusinessBusinessesinvariousindustrysegmentssuchasServicesindustry(Example:CallCenters,Insurance,Financial/InvestmentServices),E-commerceindustry,EducationcandefinitelyuseSixSigmaprinciplestoachievehigherquality.11.SixSigmainEngineeringASixSigmaEngineerdevelopsefficientandcosteffectiveprocessestoimprovethequalityandreducethenumberofdefectspermillionpartsinaManufacturing/Productionenvironment.SixSigmaEngineers

determineandfinetune

manufacturingprocess.12.QualityControlTools-ChecksheetsFigure8.1Checksheets12.QualityControlTools-ParetoChartFigure8.2ParetoChart12.QualityControlTools-FlowchartFigure8.3PlasticTagProductionFlowchart12.QualityControlTools-C/EDiagramFigure8.4CauseandEffectDiagramforEdgeFlaws12.QualityControlTools-HistogramsFigure8.5Histograms12.QualityControlTools-ScatterDiagramFigure8.6ScatterDiagram12.QualityControlTools-ControlChartFigure8.7ControlChartforStatisticalProcessUnit2QualityManagementandQualityCost1.DefinitionofTQM2.PrinciplesofTQM3.TheConceptofContinuousImprovementbyTQM4.TwoImplementationApproachesofTQM5.DefinitionandContentsofQualityCostsUnit2QualityManagementandQualityCost6.DevelopmentofQualityCosts7.DarkSideofQualityCostAnalysis8.QualitySystemInspectionTechnique9.QSITPrinciples1.DefinitionofTQMTotalQualityManagement(TQM)isamanagementphilosophythatseekstointegrateallorganizationalfunctions(marketing,finance,design,engineering,andproduction,customerservice,etc.)tofocusonmeetingcustomerneedsandorganizationalobjectives.TQMisamethodbywhichmanagementandemployeescanbecomeinvolvedinthecontinuousimprovementoftheproductionofgoodsandservices.2.PrinciplesofTQMThekeyprinciplesofTQMareasfollowing:ManagementCommitmentEmployeeEmpowermentFactBasedDecisionMakingContinuousImprovementCustomerFocus3.TheConceptofContinuousImprovementbyTQMTQMismainlyconcernedwithcontinuousimprovementinallwork,fromhighlevelstrategicplanninganddecision-making,todetailedexecutionofworkelementsontheshopfloor.Continuousimprovementmustdealnotonlywithimprovingresults,butmoreimportantlywithimprovingcapabilitiestoproducebetterresultsinthefuture.4.TwoImplementationApproachesofTQMApreliminarystepinTQMimplementationistoassesstheorganization'scurrentreality.AnorganizationshouldbebasicallyhealthybeforebeginningTQM.TraditionalManagementApproachIntegratedManagementApproach5.DefinitionandContentsofQualityCostsQualitycostsarethecostsassociatedwithpreventing,finding,andcorrectingdefectivework.OneofthekeyfunctionsofaQualityEngineeristhereductionofthetotalcostofqualityassociatedwithaproduct.QualityCostisgenerallydividedinto:CostsofControl(includingPreventioncostsandAppraisalcosts)CostsofFailureofControl(includingInternaldefectcostsandExternaldefectcosts).6.DevelopmentofQualityCostsInthe1960s,IBMexpandedtheconcepttofulfillitsownneedsandusedthename"Poor-QualityCost(PQC)".Duringthe1970s,IBM'sPoor-QualityCostsystemincludedDirectpoor-qualitycostandIndirectpoor-qualitycost.In1994,lost-opportunitycostwasaddedasanewelementofindirectpoor-qualitycost.7.DarkSideofQualityCostAnalysisQualityCostAnalysislooksatthecompany’scosts,notthecustomer’’scosts.Themanufacturerandselleraredefinitelynottheonlypeoplewhosufferquality-relatedcosts.Thecustomersuffersquality-relatedcoststoo.Theexternalfailurecostsarebornebycustomers,ratherthanbythecompany.Theproblemofcost-of-qualityanalysisisthatitsetsusuptounderestimateourlitigationandcustomerdissatisfactionrisks.8.QualitySystemInspectionTechniqueTheQualitySystemInspectionTechnique(QSIT)processencompassesthreenewapproachesthataredifferentfromthetraditionalqualitysysteminspectioninrecentyears:Thefirstistheconceptofa"top-down"process.Thesecondnewapproachistheconceptofrecordsampling.Thefinalnewapproachistheconceptofpre-inspectionrecordreview.9.QSITPrinciplesQSITisaninspectionprocessbasedonthesubsystemsofthequalitysystem.TheQSITapproachreducedthetimerequiredforcomprehensiveinspectionsandappearedtofocustheinspectionsonthekeyareasofcompanyqualitysystems.TwoaspectsofQSITdistinguishitasauniqueinspectionprocess:theprinciplesofmanagementresponsibilityandofCorrectiveAndPreventiveActions(CAPA).作業(yè)業(yè)10：：重點點語語句句翻翻譯譯（（把把下下列列語語句句翻翻譯譯成成中中文文,并并對對紅紅色色字字體體部部分分詳詳細細解解釋釋））AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)AmericanSocietyforQualityControl(ASQC)ISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)StandarddeviationGreenBelts/BlackBeltsParetochartsCauseandEffectDiagram課外外翻翻譯譯（（把把下下列列語語句句翻翻譯譯成成中中文文,并并對對紅紅色色字字體體部部分分詳詳細細解解釋釋））Rigntfromthedawnofhistory,peopleinallwalksoflifearoundtheglobehavebeenstrivingtosurvieinhighlycompetitiveworld.Theindustrialscenarioisnodifferent.Thegenesisofmodernmanagement/administrativetheory(letalongqualitymanagement)haditsrootsinthemanufacturingmilieuandblossomedundertheauspicesofthemanufacturingstalwartsrightfromtheearly20thcenturywhenFredrickW.Taylorin1911,introducedtheconceptofscientificmanagement.Percontra,thoughmostofthesedimensionsandothertechniquesandstrategiesproposedbyvarioustheoristsanndpratitioners,startingfromthebirthofthequalityrevolution,seemtoprovideanear-universalremedytothepromblemsofthemanufacturingbusiness,theyarenotacompleteyardstickforservicequalityimprovement.作業(yè)業(yè)10：：9、靜夜四無無鄰，荒居居舊業(yè)貧。。。12月-2212月-22Thursday,December29,202210、雨中黃葉樹樹，燈下白頭頭人。。12:57:4412:57:4412:5712/29/202212:57:44PM11、以我我獨沈沈久，，愧君君相見見頻。。。12月月-2212:57:4412:57Dec-2229-Dec-2212、故人江海別別，幾度隔山山川。。12:57:4512:57:4512:57Thursday,December29,202213、乍見見翻疑疑夢，，相悲悲各問問年。。。12月月-2212月月-2212:57:4512:57:45December29,202214、他鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)生白白發(fā)，，舊國國見青青山。。。29十十二二月202212:57:45下下午午12:57:4512月月-2215、比不了得得就不比，，得不到的的就不要。。。。十二月2212:57下午12月-2212:57December29,202216、行行動動出出成成果果，，工工作作出出財財富富。。。。2022/12/2912:57:4512:57:4529December202217、做前前，能能夠環(huán)環(huán)視四四周；；做時時，你你只能能或者者最好好沿著著以腳腳為起起點的的射線線向前前。。。12:57:45下下午午12:57下下午12:57:4512月月-229、沒有失敗敗，只有暫暫時停止成成功！。12月-2212月-22Thursday,December29,202210、很多事情情努力了未未必有結果果，但是不不努力卻什什么改變也也沒有。。。12:57:4512:57:4512:5712/29/202212:57:45PM11、成功就就是日復復一日那那一點點點小小努努力的積積累。。。12月-2212:57:4512:57Dec-2229-Dec-2212、世間成事事，不求其其絕對圓滿滿，留一份份不足，可可得無限完完美。。12:57:4512:57:4512:57Thursday,December29,202213、不知香積寺寺，數(shù)里入云云峰。。12月-2212月-2212:57:4512:57:45December29,202214、意志堅堅