第二章企業(yè)的外部環(huán)境分析-課件

BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EnglishBilingualTeachingFor

Logistics&SupplyChainManagement

Chapter9.Logistics/Supply-ChainManagement姜陣劍jzj@BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EBusinessSchool,SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJULogistics/Supply-ChainManagementEvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprise外延/擴展型企業(yè)FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagementManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingBusinessSchool,SDJULogisticsBusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupplychaincostsconsumeabout7-12%ofcorporateannualrevenueacrossallindustries.

integratedsupply-chainmanagement(一體化的供應(yīng)鏈管理)isnowattheepicenterofbusinesstransformation.BusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupBusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/擴展型企業(yè)Theterm"extendedenterprise"representstheconceptthatacompanyismadeupnotjustofitsemployees,itsboardmembers,andexecutives,butalsoitsbusinesspartners,itssuppliers,andevenitscustomers.Theextendedenterprisecanonlybesuccessfulifallofthecomponentgroupsandindividualshavetheinformationtheyneedinordertodobusinesseffectively.BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedBusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/擴展型企業(yè)trueenterprise-strengthsolutions

（企業(yè)實力的解決方案）隨著全球化的發(fā)展，企業(yè)之間的競爭也日趨激烈。單個企業(yè)已經(jīng)沒有能力適應(yīng)快速變化的市場，而必須和其它相關(guān)企業(yè)組成緊密的合作伙伴關(guān)系，形成擴展企業(yè)（ExtendedEnterprise），保證競爭力優(yōu)勢互補，來共同面對變化的市場和激烈競爭的對手。BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedBusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprisethegenesis（起源）ofextendedenterpriselogistics

JapaneseautomobilemakersBusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutBusinessSchool,SDJU精益生產(chǎn),LeanProduction精益生產(chǎn)（LeanProduction，LP），又稱精良生產(chǎn)，其中“精”表示精良、精確、精美；“益”表示利益、效益等等。精益生產(chǎn)就是及時制造，消滅故障，消除一切浪費，向零缺陷、零庫存進軍。精益生產(chǎn)的來源精益生產(chǎn)的特點BusinessSchool,SDJU精益生產(chǎn),LeaBusinessSchool,SDJU1、含義：一體化戰(zhàn)略指企業(yè)以現(xiàn)有經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)物流的方向，不斷地向深度和廣度發(fā)展，使企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模擴大或在上下游之間擴展的一種戰(zhàn)略。2、分類：縱向/垂直一體化戰(zhàn)略(verticalintegration)橫向/水平一體化戰(zhàn)略一體化(成長)戰(zhàn)略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU1、含義：一體化戰(zhàn)BusinessSchool,SDJU一體化戰(zhàn)略縱向/垂直一體化戰(zhàn)略橫向/水平一體化戰(zhàn)略前向一體化戰(zhàn)略后向一體化戰(zhàn)略一體化(成長)戰(zhàn)略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU一體化戰(zhàn)略縱向/垂BusinessSchool,SDJU一體化(成長)戰(zhàn)略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）競爭者供應(yīng)商企業(yè)批發(fā)商零售商顧客后向一體化前向一體化水平一體化前向一體化BusinessSchool,SDJU一體化(成長)戰(zhàn)略BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理—橫向一體化的代表借助信息技術(shù)(IT)和管理技術(shù)，將供應(yīng)鏈上業(yè)務(wù)伙伴的業(yè)務(wù)流程相互集成，從而有效地管理從原材料采購、產(chǎn)品制造、分銷，到交付給最終用戶的全過程，在提高客戶滿意度的同時，降低整個系統(tǒng)的成本、提高各企業(yè)的效益。BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理—橫向一BusinessSchool,SDJU橫向一體化——外包——供應(yīng)鏈供應(yīng)鏈（SupplyChain）是在相互關(guān)聯(lián)的部門或業(yè)務(wù)伙伴之間所發(fā)生的物流、資金流和信息流，覆蓋從產(chǎn)品(或服務(wù))設(shè)計、原材料采購、制造、包裝到支付給最終用戶的全過程。BusinessSchool,SDJU橫向一體化——外包BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterpriseThebestcompanies:Enjoyanadvantageintotalsupplychainmanagementcostof3-6percentofrevenueHold50-80percentlessinventorythantheircompetitorsHavea40-65percentadvantageincash-to-cashcycletimeoveraveragecompanies.BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutBusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:StuntedLogisticsPerformerStage2:NeophyteLogisticsPerformerStage3:InternallyIntegratedPerformerStage4:ExternallyIntegratedLogisticsPerformersLogisticsburiedatlowestlevelsofcorporateorganizations.Stovepipedlogistics;eachfunctionactsinrelativeautonomyInternalcross-functionalteamsspanningphysicaldistributionfunctionsIntercorporatenetworkedlogisticsteamsandsharedperformancemanagementinformationsystemsLogisticsdefinedas

shippingfunction.Logisticsdefinedasshippingandwarehousingfunctions.Logisticsdefinedasshipping,warehousing,andcustomerservicefunctions.Logisticsdefinedastotalsupply-chainintegration;Runby

shippingclerksRunbymilitary-stylelogisticiansRunbyachieflogisticsofficerRunbyaVP

forsupplychain供應(yīng)鏈是物流發(fā)展的高級階段BusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:SBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

Full-spectrumvisibilityandreal-timemanagement

Example：FordMotorCompanyBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——TotalConnectivity整體連通性InformationtechnologyandtelecommunicationsTheemergenceoftheinternetInternet-enabledsharedinformationhelpsbreakdownorganizationpoliticsandfunctionalfences,helpingsupply-chainalliancemembers

（供應(yīng)鏈聯(lián)盟成員）developacommonunderstandingofthecompetitiveenvironment.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——TotalConnectivityAllcompaniescanbenefitfromamoreopeninformationflowbyusingtheinformationto:ReduceoreliminateunnecessaryinventoryImprovetheirplanningDevelopactiveratherthanreactiveoperationsSmoothproductflowsTrimcostImproveserviceBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——Holistic（整體的,全盤的）Supply-ChainManagementMethods

TopmanagementencouragesthiskindofsegmentationanddepartmentalizationSeniorexecutives’abilitytomanagesupply-chaincostsandthereforetheprofitabilityofacompanyisdependentontheirabilitytotakeaholisticapproachtothecompany’soperations.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GlobalThird-PartyLogistics(3PL)ProvidersGloballogisticscompaniesarenowactingassystemsintegratorsformajorcorporateclients,conductingelaborate,highlysequenced“milkruns”topickupanddelivercomponentsandproductswithawholehostofsuppliersandvendorsonaninternationalbasis.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU名詞解釋第一方物流需求方為采購而進行的物流，如赴產(chǎn)地采購、自行運回商品。第二方物流供應(yīng)方為了提供商品而進行的物流，如供應(yīng)商送貨上門。第三方物流由物流的供應(yīng)方和需求方之外的第三方所進行的物流。Third-partylogisticsproviders(3PLPs，第三方物流（服務(wù)）商)第四方物流提供各種物流信息咨詢服務(wù)的企業(yè)。提供各層次物流人才培訓(xùn)服務(wù)的企業(yè)。各方物流的概念BusinessSchool,SDJU名詞解釋第一方物BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun來自牛奶公司每天清晨挨家挨戶在牧場收購牛奶，送牛奶的工人送牛奶時拿走一個空瓶，再放一瓶牛奶。物流配送中常用這樣的方式。牛奶式取貨、循環(huán)取貨，集貨配送，多倉儲間巡回裝卸貨混載運送，定時定點取貨。國內(nèi)最早是汽車制造業(yè)（東風(fēng)、上海通用）使用的一種物料集貨模式。BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun來BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GlobalThird-PartyLogisticsProvidersThecomputercompanyreportsahighdegreeofsatisfactionwiththearrangement,whichallowsthecompanyto:Avoidsunkcostsininformationsystemsandware-housingcapacityGaingreatermarketleverageoverocean,air,andsurfacetransportationserviceprovidersAchievegreaterflexibilityinmeetingtheneedsofcustomersBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GovernmentTradeFacilitationsystemsNewtradefacilitationsystemsimplementedbynationalgovernmentshavealsosupportedtheglobalizationofsupplychains.SingaporeTheU.S.CustomsServiceDHL

World-wideExpressBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU3.ManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingManagingtheextendedenterprisewillincreasinglyfocusonthesethreedomainsofbestpractice:PhysicalnetworkmanagementInformationandknowledgenetworkmanagementComputer-basedinfrastructuremanagementBusinessSchool,SDJU3.ManageBusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖供應(yīng)商制造商倉儲和配送中心客戶：物流：信息流現(xiàn)金流BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖供BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流管理實物分銷PhysicalDistribution物流Logistics供應(yīng)鏈SupplyChain供應(yīng)鏈管理的研究是從物流管理研究開始的…1915年美國阿奇蕭《市場流通若干問題》二站時期，美國軍隊建立后勤（Logistics）理論1956年日本引入“物的流通”1989年局部性研究整體性、集成性研究BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的延伸物流管理有狹義和廣義兩方面的含義：狹義的物流管理——指物資的采購、運輸、配送、貯備等活動，是企業(yè)之間的物資流通活動。廣義的物流管理——包括從原材料到產(chǎn)品整個生產(chǎn)過程的物料轉(zhuǎn)化過程，即供應(yīng)鏈管理。供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的延伸——供應(yīng)鏈是物流發(fā)展到集約化階段的產(chǎn)物。BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的延伸物流貫穿于整個供應(yīng)鏈。(幾流之一)供應(yīng)鏈強調(diào)的是系統(tǒng)的整合和優(yōu)化。作為一種戰(zhàn)略概念，供應(yīng)鏈也是一種產(chǎn)品，而且是可增值的產(chǎn)品。BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理和物流管理的比較物流一詞最早出現(xiàn)于美國。1915年，阿奇·肖在《市場流通中的若干問題》一書中用的是PhysicalDistribution。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后，物流獲得了長足的發(fā)展。物流一詞也逐漸由PhysicalDistribution演化為Logistics。美國物流管理理事會（CouncilofLogisticsManagement）的定義。BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理和物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈概念的提出要比物流晚得多1982年，凱思·奧立夫（KeithR.Oliver）和麥考爾·威波爾（MichaelD.Webber）在《觀察》雜志上發(fā)表了《供應(yīng)鏈管理：物流的更新戰(zhàn)略》，首次提出“供應(yīng)鏈管理”的說法。供應(yīng)鏈管理的出現(xiàn)源于對物流管理的研究。從這個意義上講，供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的發(fā)展和延續(xù)。尤其是現(xiàn)代物流一體化的提出，更使得物流管理和供應(yīng)鏈管理的研究領(lǐng)域和研究方法雷同。BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈概念的提出要BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流管理的區(qū)別首先，供應(yīng)鏈管理不僅包括對于供應(yīng)鏈中物流的管理，還包括對于商流、信息流和資金流的管理。其次，戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟的出現(xiàn)使得供應(yīng)鏈管理理論日趨成熟。再次，從研究重點來看，物流管理主要研究各種旨在改善物流效率的物流管理技術(shù)和方法。最后，供應(yīng)鏈管理和物流管理的目標不同。BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理和營銷渠道管理的比較營銷渠道是“一系列相互獨立的組織機構(gòu)，它主要從事為最終的消費或使用提供產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的活動?！边@個概念與供應(yīng)鏈的概念很相似。二者都是由商品流通過程涉及到的一組企業(yè)連接而成的渠道或網(wǎng)絡(luò)?！?yīng)鏈管理與營銷渠道管理的主體不同?！?yīng)鏈管理與營銷渠道管理的客體不同?！?yīng)鏈管理與營銷渠道管理的內(nèi)容不同?！?yīng)鏈管理與營銷渠道管理的重點不同BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理和營銷渠BusinessSchool,SDJU戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟供應(yīng)鏈的基本模式：一般來說，企業(yè)構(gòu)筑供應(yīng)鏈的方式主要有三種方法，即正常交易縱向一體化戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟BusinessSchool,SDJU戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟供應(yīng)鏈的基BusinessSchool,SDJU1、正常交易企業(yè)可以通過傳統(tǒng)的交易手段同供應(yīng)商和分銷商建立業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系以實現(xiàn)供應(yīng)鏈的物流功能。這也是截至目前最為普遍的方式。然而這種短期的安排雖然可以實現(xiàn)物流功能，卻無法帶來長期的戰(zhàn)略優(yōu)勢。BusinessSchool,SDJU1、正常交易BusinessSchool,SDJU2、縱向一體化企業(yè)可以通過直接投資、購并等縱向一體化手段整合供應(yīng)鏈。這種方法的優(yōu)點是企業(yè)可以強化對供應(yīng)鏈的控制及增加其侃價能力。缺點是不利于企業(yè)核心競爭力的形成和發(fā)揮。BusinessSchool,SDJU2、縱向一體化企業(yè)BusinessSchool,SDJU3、戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟是在競爭、合作的市場環(huán)境下，由供應(yīng)鏈上一些相互獨立的實體而組成的聯(lián)盟，每個伙伴企業(yè)在各自優(yōu)勢領(lǐng)域為聯(lián)盟貢獻自己的核心能力，相互聯(lián)合起來實現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢互補、風(fēng)險共擔和利益共享。這種準整合的供應(yīng)鏈模式可以避免縱向一體化的缺陷，聯(lián)盟成員的共同目標可以帶來正常交易所不會有的更多的承諾。BusinessSchool,SDJU3、戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟Q&A!Q&A!第二章企業(yè)的外部環(huán)境分析-課件BusinessSchool,SDJUExercises教材P111BusinessSchool,SDJUExercises演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EnglishBilingualTeachingFor

Logistics&SupplyChainManagement

Chapter9.Logistics/Supply-ChainManagement姜陣劍jzj@BusinessSchool,SDJUChinese-EBusinessSchool,SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJUBusinessSchool,SDJULogistics/Supply-ChainManagementEvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprise外延/擴展型企業(yè)FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagementManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingBusinessSchool,SDJULogisticsBusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupplychaincostsconsumeabout7-12%ofcorporateannualrevenueacrossallindustries.

integratedsupply-chainmanagement(一體化的供應(yīng)鏈管理)isnowattheepicenterofbusinesstransformation.BusinessSchool,SDJUtotalsupBusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/擴展型企業(yè)Theterm"extendedenterprise"representstheconceptthatacompanyismadeupnotjustofitsemployees,itsboardmembers,andexecutives,butalsoitsbusinesspartners,itssuppliers,andevenitscustomers.Theextendedenterprisecanonlybesuccessfulifallofthecomponentgroupsandindividualshavetheinformationtheyneedinordertodobusinesseffectively.BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedBusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedEnterprise外延/擴展型企業(yè)trueenterprise-strengthsolutions

（企業(yè)實力的解決方案）隨著全球化的發(fā)展，企業(yè)之間的競爭也日趨激烈。單個企業(yè)已經(jīng)沒有能力適應(yīng)快速變化的市場，而必須和其它相關(guān)企業(yè)組成緊密的合作伙伴關(guān)系，形成擴展企業(yè)（ExtendedEnterprise），保證競爭力優(yōu)勢互補，來共同面對變化的市場和激烈競爭的對手。BusinessSchool,SDJUExtendedBusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterprisethegenesis（起源）ofextendedenterpriselogistics

JapaneseautomobilemakersBusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutBusinessSchool,SDJU精益生產(chǎn),LeanProduction精益生產(chǎn)（LeanProduction，LP），又稱精良生產(chǎn)，其中“精”表示精良、精確、精美；“益”表示利益、效益等等。精益生產(chǎn)就是及時制造，消滅故障，消除一切浪費，向零缺陷、零庫存進軍。精益生產(chǎn)的來源精益生產(chǎn)的特點BusinessSchool,SDJU精益生產(chǎn),LeaBusinessSchool,SDJU1、含義：一體化戰(zhàn)略指企業(yè)以現(xiàn)有經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域為基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)物流的方向，不斷地向深度和廣度發(fā)展，使企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模擴大或在上下游之間擴展的一種戰(zhàn)略。2、分類：縱向/垂直一體化戰(zhàn)略(verticalintegration)橫向/水平一體化戰(zhàn)略一體化(成長)戰(zhàn)略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU1、含義：一體化戰(zhàn)BusinessSchool,SDJU一體化戰(zhàn)略縱向/垂直一體化戰(zhàn)略橫向/水平一體化戰(zhàn)略前向一體化戰(zhàn)略后向一體化戰(zhàn)略一體化(成長)戰(zhàn)略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）BusinessSchool,SDJU一體化戰(zhàn)略縱向/垂BusinessSchool,SDJU一體化(成長)戰(zhàn)略

（IntegrativeGrowth/Strategy）競爭者供應(yīng)商企業(yè)批發(fā)商零售商顧客后向一體化前向一體化水平一體化前向一體化BusinessSchool,SDJU一體化(成長)戰(zhàn)略BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理—橫向一體化的代表借助信息技術(shù)(IT)和管理技術(shù)，將供應(yīng)鏈上業(yè)務(wù)伙伴的業(yè)務(wù)流程相互集成，從而有效地管理從原材料采購、產(chǎn)品制造、分銷，到交付給最終用戶的全過程，在提高客戶滿意度的同時，降低整個系統(tǒng)的成本、提高各企業(yè)的效益。BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理—橫向一BusinessSchool,SDJU橫向一體化——外包——供應(yīng)鏈供應(yīng)鏈（SupplyChain）是在相互關(guān)聯(lián)的部門或業(yè)務(wù)伙伴之間所發(fā)生的物流、資金流和信息流，覆蓋從產(chǎn)品(或服務(wù))設(shè)計、原材料采購、制造、包裝到支付給最終用戶的全過程。BusinessSchool,SDJU橫向一體化——外包BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutionandCharacteristicsofExtendedEnterpriseThebestcompanies:Enjoyanadvantageintotalsupplychainmanagementcostof3-6percentofrevenueHold50-80percentlessinventorythantheircompetitorsHavea40-65percentadvantageincash-to-cashcycletimeoveraveragecompanies.BusinessSchool,SDJU1.EvolutBusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:StuntedLogisticsPerformerStage2:NeophyteLogisticsPerformerStage3:InternallyIntegratedPerformerStage4:ExternallyIntegratedLogisticsPerformersLogisticsburiedatlowestlevelsofcorporateorganizations.Stovepipedlogistics;eachfunctionactsinrelativeautonomyInternalcross-functionalteamsspanningphysicaldistributionfunctionsIntercorporatenetworkedlogisticsteamsandsharedperformancemanagementinformationsystemsLogisticsdefinedas

shippingfunction.Logisticsdefinedasshippingandwarehousingfunctions.Logisticsdefinedasshipping,warehousing,andcustomerservicefunctions.Logisticsdefinedastotalsupply-chainintegration;Runby

shippingclerksRunbymilitary-stylelogisticiansRunbyachieflogisticsofficerRunbyaVP

forsupplychain供應(yīng)鏈是物流發(fā)展的高級階段BusinessSchool,SDJUStage1:SBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

Full-spectrumvisibilityandreal-timemanagement

Example：FordMotorCompanyBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——TotalConnectivity整體連通性InformationtechnologyandtelecommunicationsTheemergenceoftheinternetInternet-enabledsharedinformationhelpsbreakdownorganizationpoliticsandfunctionalfences,helpingsupply-chainalliancemembers

（供應(yīng)鏈聯(lián)盟成員）developacommonunderstandingofthecompetitiveenvironment.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——TotalConnectivityAllcompaniescanbenefitfromamoreopeninformationflowbyusingtheinformationto:ReduceoreliminateunnecessaryinventoryImprovetheirplanningDevelopactiveratherthanreactiveoperationsSmoothproductflowsTrimcostImproveserviceBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——Holistic（整體的,全盤的）Supply-ChainManagementMethods

TopmanagementencouragesthiskindofsegmentationanddepartmentalizationSeniorexecutives’abilitytomanagesupply-chaincostsandthereforetheprofitabilityofacompanyisdependentontheirabilitytotakeaholisticapproachtothecompany’soperations.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GlobalThird-PartyLogistics(3PL)ProvidersGloballogisticscompaniesarenowactingassystemsintegratorsformajorcorporateclients,conductingelaborate,highlysequenced“milkruns”topickupanddelivercomponentsandproductswithawholehostofsuppliersandvendorsonaninternationalbasis.BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU名詞解釋第一方物流需求方為采購而進行的物流，如赴產(chǎn)地采購、自行運回商品。第二方物流供應(yīng)方為了提供商品而進行的物流，如供應(yīng)商送貨上門。第三方物流由物流的供應(yīng)方和需求方之外的第三方所進行的物流。Third-partylogisticsproviders(3PLPs，第三方物流（服務(wù)）商)第四方物流提供各種物流信息咨詢服務(wù)的企業(yè)。提供各層次物流人才培訓(xùn)服務(wù)的企業(yè)。各方物流的概念BusinessSchool,SDJU名詞解釋第一方物BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun來自牛奶公司每天清晨挨家挨戶在牧場收購牛奶，送牛奶的工人送牛奶時拿走一個空瓶，再放一瓶牛奶。物流配送中常用這樣的方式。牛奶式取貨、循環(huán)取貨，集貨配送，多倉儲間巡回裝卸貨混載運送，定時定點取貨。國內(nèi)最早是汽車制造業(yè)（東風(fēng)、上海通用）使用的一種物料集貨模式。BusinessSchool,SDJUMilkRun來BusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GlobalThird-PartyLogisticsProvidersThecomputercompanyreportsahighdegreeofsatisfactionwiththearrangement,whichallowsthecompanyto:Avoidsunkcostsininformationsystemsandware-housingcapacityGaingreatermarketleverageoverocean,air,andsurfacetransportationserviceprovidersAchievegreaterflexibilityinmeetingtheneedsofcustomersBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureTrendsinSupplyChainManagement

——GovernmentTradeFacilitationsystemsNewtradefacilitationsystemsimplementedbynationalgovernmentshavealsosupportedtheglobalizationofsupplychains.SingaporeTheU.S.CustomsServiceDHL

World-wideExpressBusinessSchool,SDJU2.FutureBusinessSchool,SDJU3.ManagementBestPracticesareEvolvingManagingtheextendedenterprisewillincreasinglyfocusonthesethreedomainsofbestpractice:PhysicalnetworkmanagementInformationandknowledgenetworkmanagementComputer-basedinfrastructuremanagementBusinessSchool,SDJU3.ManageBusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖供應(yīng)商制造商倉儲和配送中心客戶：物流：信息流現(xiàn)金流BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖供BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流管理實物分銷PhysicalDistribution物流Logistics供應(yīng)鏈SupplyChain供應(yīng)鏈管理的研究是從物流管理研究開始的…1915年美國阿奇蕭《市場流通若干問題》二站時期，美國軍隊建立后勤（Logistics）理論1956年日本引入“物的流通”1989年局部性研究整體性、集成性研究BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理與物流管BusinessSchool,SDJU供應(yīng)鏈管理是物流管理的延伸物流管理有狹義和廣義兩方面的含義：狹義的物流管理——指物資的采購、運輸、配送、貯備等活動，是企業(yè)之間的物資流通活動。廣義的物流管理——包括從原材料到產(chǎn)品整個