筆譯翻譯的技巧

TeachingPlanforTranslationTitleofLesson:IntroductionofC-ETranslationandTranslationPrincipleWeek1-2TimeNeeded:fourperiods(45minutesperperiod)?TeachingObjectives：HelpthestudentstounderstandtheC-E(ChineseintoEnglish)Translationprinciple文檔收?KeyTeachingPoints:1．ThethreeC-Etranslationprinciple2．Translationisnotawordforwordactivity?DifficultTeachingPoints:1．Translationconcernstheexchangeofbothlanguages&cultures文檔收集自網(wǎng)絡，僅用于個人學2．ThethreeC-EtranslationprinciplesTeachingContents:Leadingin:examplesfromsomeseniorstudents'thesis:山姆是個什么樣的人呢？WhatpersonisSam?改成WhatkindofpersonisSam?你能忍受一位丈夫總是樂于助人卻對自己應該負擔的家庭責任從不放在心上嗎？Canyouputupwithahusbandbereadytoanybody'sbusinessbuthisown?Andtodonothingaboutfamilyduty?改成Canyouputupwithahusbandwhoisreadytoanybody'sbusinessbuthisown?Nobodycanstandahusbandwhoneverconsidershisfamilydutyseriously.很多人都認為父愛如山。Manypeopleholdthatfather'slovelikeahill.改成Manypeopleholdthatfather'sloveislikeahill.(like作為“像。。。一樣”的意思是個介詞)文檔收如果山姆能夠成為一個勤勞而實際的人，我相信他的家庭不會那么不幸福和不圓滿，并且他們倆也不會互相傷害。IfSamcanbeahard-workingandrealityman,Ibelievehisfamilywon'tbesotragedyanddissatisfy,andtheywon'thurteachother,too.改成IfSamcanbeahard-workingandpracticalman,Ibelievehisfamilywon'tbesotragicanddissatisfied,andtheywon'thurteachother,too.Translationisnotawordforwordactivity相比之下，這個軟件的設計不夠人性化。Bycomparison,thedesignofthissoftwareisnothumanized(user-friendly)enough.文檔收集自如果你開了一家上市公司，想要讓你的股票升值，你必須吸引投資者和分析家的注意力。Youmustdrawtheattentionofinvestorsandanalystsifyouhaveacompanyonsale(apublicorlistedcompany)andexpecttoincreaseitsstockvalue.我們現(xiàn)在是萬事俱備，只欠東風。We'vegotallreadyexcept aneastwind(thecatalyst催化^U).因為這場雪暴，他們一年的勞作付之東流。Becauseofthesnowstorm,theygaveawholeyearoflabortotheeastwardriver.(theylaboredawholeyearfornothing).個人主義不但會害自己，而且有礙工作。Individualism(改成self-centerednessoregocentricity)notonlypoisonsoneselfbutalsohinderswork.drinklikefish(豪飲),feelatsea(感覺如墜云霧,迷茫得很)，守口如瓶(astightasanoyster),天涯何處無芳草(Thereisplentymorefishinthesea),糟糠之妻(ahumblewife),喝西北風(gohungry,不要翻譯成drinkwestwind,不僅搭配不對，而且westwind在英國的含義跟中國完全不一樣，西風溫暖而濕潤，帶來生機與活力，這才有了雪萊的Odetothewestwind),揮金如土(spendmoneylikewater),宣傳部(ministryofpropaganda?No.Ministryofpublicity)Collocation搭配動賓搭配做手術performanoperation 做家務dohouseholdchores文檔收集自網(wǎng)絡，僅用于個人學犯錯誤(makeamistake)犯心臟病(sufferfromaheartattack)犯罪(commitacrime)接受高等教育receiveahighereducation 接受他們的價值觀accepttheirvalues偏正搭配嚴明的紀律(rigiddisciplines)險勝(anarrowwinorvictory)熟睡(fastorsoundasleep)深山(不要說deepmountains,可以用remoteorisolatedmountains)完全醒著(widewake)完全相同(muchthesame) 完全值得(wellworth)文檔收集自充分意識到(bewellawareoforthat,fullyrealizethat)可能性很大(haveastrongpossibilityorahighprobabilitytodosth.)C-Etranslationprinciple漢語譯成地道英語的難度，出現(xiàn)各種各樣的缺失：“中國式”英語(解決辦法，閱讀大量原作，觀察、揣摩、總結并模仿英語的特點、規(guī)律和表達方法)。文檔收遵循三條原則：譯文必須符合英語的語法：三種軸心結構：主－系－表結構(S+V+P)例：人類在地球上已存在多久了？Howlonghasmanbeenonearth?牛奶變酸了。Milkturnssour.Therebe結構(表示存在有的概念，seem(appear)tobe,seem,appear,stand,lie,get,become,arise,come)例：計算機有點毛病。Thereissomethingthematterwiththecomputer.隨著國民經(jīng)濟和國防事業(yè)的發(fā)展，對通信提出了新的要求。Asournationaleconomyandnationaldefencedevelop,therearisesanewdemandforcommunications.從理論上講，供應這么多水似乎不成問題。Intheorythereseemstobenoprobleminsupplyingthisamountofwater.c.主-謂-賓結構(S+V+O)主－謂(主語＋不及物動詞)e..g.Wheelsturn.車輪轉動。主－謂－賓eg：Menturnswheels.人們轉動車輪。主－謂－賓eg：Cowsgiveusmilk(givemilktous).toaskafavorofsb.toasksb.forafavor.主－謂－賓－賓補(可由名詞，形，副詞，動詞不定式，分詞，分詞短語，介詞短語等構成)eg：Thunderturnsmilksour.打雷使牛奶變酸。文檔收集自網(wǎng)絡，僅用于個人學習譯文必須符合英語的習慣表達(英語慣用法，避免中國式英語)：例如：a.百聞不如一見。Seeingisbelieving.c.精神文明spiritualcivilization(含宗教色彩)ethicalandculturalprogress文檔收集自網(wǎng)絡，僅我認為他不夠格。Idon'tthinkheisqualified.人們來五臺山，目的可不都是一樣。PeopledonotcometoWutaiMountainwithoneandthesamepurpose.譯文應體現(xiàn)英語遣詞造句的特點，同時又應因文體而有變化。名詞使用頻率高，特別是含有動作性質(zhì)的抽象名詞等，可以既包