自然拼讀法-(2)課件

自然拼讀法(2)Phonics自然拼音法一、小學(xué)英語語音教學(xué)中面臨的共性問題：標(biāo)注漢語讀單詞會說不會認(rèn)單詞學(xué)生成績兩級分化嚴(yán)重機(jī)械記憶單詞，遺忘率高辨音題失分嚴(yán)重二、什么是phonics？Phonics，即字母拼讀法（又譯自然拼音）已經(jīng)在歐美國家流行百年，是自然形成的一種發(fā)音規(guī)則，主要教授英文字母（letter）與語音（sound）間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。是目前國際主流的英語教學(xué)法，它不僅是以英語為母語國家的孩子學(xué)習(xí)英語讀音與拼字，增進(jìn)閱讀能力與理解力的教學(xué)法，更是以英語為第二語言的英語初學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)音規(guī)則與拼讀技巧的教學(xué)方法。是美國、加拿大本土孩子的必修課程。1998年被引入香港和臺灣，近幾年逐步拓展到全國各地。自然拼讀法的最大特點(diǎn)是：通過直接學(xué)習(xí)26個字母及字母組合在單詞中的發(fā)音規(guī)則，讓學(xué)生感受到字母及字母組合與發(fā)音的關(guān)系，建立字母及字母組合與發(fā)音的感知，它會把復(fù)雜的發(fā)音歸納成有規(guī)律的、簡單的發(fā)音，幫助孩子建立音形聯(lián)系、了解發(fā)音和拼寫規(guī)則，掌握英語拼讀規(guī)律，從而達(dá)到看到單詞就會讀，聽到單詞就會拼的學(xué)習(xí)目的。 徹底解決學(xué)生學(xué)英語發(fā)音難、發(fā)不準(zhǔn)音的問題。據(jù)研究，只要孩子掌握這些發(fā)音規(guī)則，并加以練習(xí)，不需要借助音標(biāo)，就都能夠讀出80%的英語單詞，把枯燥無味的背單詞變成一件簡單的事，從而達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。使英語學(xué)習(xí)變得簡單、快樂、有趣。是一種效果顯著的英語教學(xué)法。26個英文字母Aa5個元音字母：Ee

Ii

Oo

Uu21個輔音字母：BbCcDdFfGgHhJjKkLlMmXxNnYyPpZzQqRrSsTtVvWw三、單詞的發(fā)音規(guī)則和分類方法及步驟元音字母及字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則輔音字母及輔音組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則特殊字母及字母組合的發(fā)音單詞的拼讀方法和步驟雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞的音節(jié)劃分方法元音字母及字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則a

e

i

o

ua_e

e_e

i_e

o_e

u_ear

er

ir

or

urai

ay ee

ea

ey ie

ighoa

owau

aw

al ui

ue

ooou

ow

oi

oyewA在閉音節(jié)單詞中讀短音[?]：，例詞如下：at

cat

bat

fat

hat

mat

pat

satrat

flatadsadmaddadbadanmanfancanandhandlandamhamjammap

bag

flat

back

apple以“一個元音字母+一個或兩個輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞叫做閉音節(jié)單詞，簡稱為“以元輔或元輔輔”結(jié)尾的單詞。五個元音字母在閉音節(jié)的單詞中讀其短音。E在閉音節(jié)單詞中讀短音：[е]，例詞如下：eggbedgetpenendwellbestdeskegedetenendellI在閉音節(jié)單詞中讀短音：[i]，例詞如下：sixbighillpinkidsitixigillinidO在閉音節(jié)單詞中讀短音：[?]，例詞如下：box

not

top

sock

lostox

ot

op

ockU在單詞中讀短音：[Λ]

，例詞如下：sun

lunch

bus

duck

hugun

uga_e

e_e

i_e

o_e u_e

（神奇的E）same

gamemake

bake

cake

takegate

late

hate

Kate

plateame

nameake

lakeate

dateaceplace

facesafe

taperacemadegrade五個元音字母在“元輔e”結(jié)尾的單詞中讀其長音，即其字母本身的讀音（字母音）。A

在“a-e”結(jié)尾的單詞中讀其字母本身的音：[ei]，例詞如下：E在e-e結(jié)尾的單詞中讀其字母音：[i:]these

eveI在i-e結(jié)尾的單詞中讀字母音：[ai]kitefineridelikenicepricesmileiteineideikeiceO在o-e結(jié)尾的單詞中讀字母音：[?u]nose

rope

rode

note

home

hole

smokeU在u-e結(jié)尾的單詞中讀字母音：[ju:]tube

cube

cute

mute

hugearerirorurR元音ar[ɑ:]carcart

darkarkhard

gardenardarm

farmarmart

partyarter

[

?]

sister

marker

dinner

teacher

under

farmer

her

motherir

[?:]shirtbirdgirlfirstthirdbirthdaydirtyirtur[?:]turnnurseturtleturkeyfurhurturnursear

er

ir

or

ur

R元音or

[?:]pork

fork

morning

short

forty

sport

forty

doorork

ornor

[?:]wordworkworldore

[?:]moreborescorebefore元音字母組合的發(fā)音：ai：

ailjailrailaidmaidpaidraidlaidainmaingainpainpaintrainbraintrainaitbaitwaitay：

day

say

pay

May

lay

gray

playai

ay

[ei]tail

nail

fail

mailai

ay ee

ea

ey ie

igh oa

oweeee：

beei:]seekeepgreenea

ey

[need

weekeeddeep

feeteep

eetea：

sea

tea

read

clean

meat

eal

eagle

peach

speakean

eatey：

key

donkey

monkey

money

honey

turkey元音字母組合的發(fā)音：peardeafleadreadybearweatherea

[

e]

:head

sweater

sweatleather

feather

bread

deadhealthigh:

right

sight

night

high

sighbrightmovie元音字母組合的發(fā)音：ie:

tieie

[i:]：cookieie

igh

[ai]pie

lie

diethief

piece

chiefoa

ow

[?u]ou：roadboatgoalsoaploafroastoadoatoaloapoafoastow:

rainbow

bowl

pillowyellowwindowhollow

low

blow

slowgrowborrowsnow

row

sow

own元音字母組合的發(fā)音：字母操ou

owshout

mouth

house

mouseou:

outcloudcouch

count

found

soundou

[u:]

:group

route

throughow:cow

now

flower

towerowerdown town

brown

clown

crownownoi

oy au

aw

al ui

ueoo

ewou

ow

[au]元音字母組合的發(fā)音：noiseoi:

coin

join

point

oil

boil

soil

coiloy:

soy

toy

joy

Roy

boy[?:]daughtertaughtaughau:becauseboughtaunaughtythoughtaw

alcaughtought元音字母組合的發(fā)音：oi

oy

[?i]aw:paw

law

saw

draw

straw

lawn

awful

lawyeral:call

tall

fall

ball

wall

small

hall

walk

talk

allal[?:l]

：also

always

alreadytookuisuitjuicefruituebluegluetruecluefoolew[ju:]:few hew

new

view

newspaper元音字母組合的發(fā)音：ui

ue

oo

ew

[u:]u

ue ui在j

、r、l后面時讀作[u:]oo:moon

roof

boots

food

spoon

room

coolboom afternoon

tooOo[u:]

:

good

foot

wood

book

cook

look

hook好腳站在木頭上，碰見老K發(fā)短音。ew:blew

drew

grew

threwB

[b]C[k]D[d]F---[f]G---[g]H[h]J[d?]K[k]L-[l]M[m

]N--[n]P---[p]Q---[kw]R[r]S---[s]T---[t]V---[v]W---[W]X---[ks]Y---[j]Z---[z]21個輔音字母的讀音中有大部分跟漢語拼音的讀音相似。21個輔音字母的音標(biāo)如下：輔音組合的發(fā)音規(guī)則th

ch

tchsh

wh

phbl

fl

pl

cl

glsm

sn

sw

slcr

gr

pr

fr

tr

drsp

st

sc

sk

spr

str

scrkn

wr

ckmbth

th

ch

tch

sh

wh

phth

[e]

:

this

that

these

those

father

mother

brother

featherweather

with

then

than

theth[θ]:

thank

think

thing

math

tooth

thick

mouth

teeththin

three

thirsty

thief

bath

throw

throatch[t∫]

: much

chair

lunch

French

beach

church

chickentch[t∫]

：

catch

match

fetchsh

[∫]

:

sheep

fish

dish

shirt

ship

shop

she

finish

shake

freshwh

[W]

:

what

when

which

why

white

while

wheel

wheatwh[h]

：who

whose

whom

wholeph[f]

:

phone

phrase

physics

phonics

enoughbl

fl

pl

cl

glcr

gr

pr

frtr

drfl:

flat

fly

flagflowercl:clock

clean

claybl:

blue

black

bloompl:

plane

play

plategl:

glass

gluefr:

frog

Fridaypr:price

press

praycr:

crycreamgr:

gray

green

grasstr[tr]

:

tree

trucktraindr[dr]

:

drink

dress

drum

drysm

sn

sw

slsp

st

sc

sk

spr

str

scrsm:smile

small

smell

sn:

snow

snake

snacksw:

swim

sweet

sweat

sl:slow

sleep sled

slopesp:spell

speak space

spoon

sport

springst:

star

stop

star

stand

stick

story

stocking

streetstrong

strawberrysc:scarf

scream

screen

sk:

skirt

skate

sky

skikn

wr

ckmbkn

[

n

]

:

knob

knee

knife

knock

knewwr

[

r

]

:

write

wrote

written

wrongck

[k

]

：back

duck

neck

blackmb

[m

]

:thumb

lamb

bomb

comb

climb特殊字母及字母組合的發(fā)音ts

ds

qu

ngeigh

ild

indge

dge

ful

ing

tionold

ost

eieer

ear

eir

air

arets

[ts]

：its

parts

lots

hatsds

[ds]

:

hands

beds

birdsquestionbringqu[kw

]：quick

quack

queenng

[?]:

song

sing long

thingge[d?]

：age

page

large

hugedge[d?]

：bridge

edge

judgeful[ful]:

useful

helpfuling

[i

?]

:

sing

swing

playing

goingtion

[∫?

n]:

fictionquestionts

ds

qu

ng

ge

dge

ful

ing

tioneigh

ild

indold

ost

eieighth

neighboreigh[ei]

:

eight

weightheightild

[aild]

:wildmildind

[aind]

:kindfindbehindblindold

[?uld]

:

old

gold

cold

soldost

[?uld]

:

post

host

most

ghostclassglassgrassfastei

[ai]

:eitherneithera+

s，f，th

:spassask

last

basketafterfathereir

/ere:

theirtherehairwherepairair:

air

fairare:

care

dare

hare

shareeer

:cheerengineerear

:earclear

yeardearhearThe

man

with

fair

hair

dare

not

repair

theirchairs

there

,because

there

is

a

bear

there.single

little

table

people

middle

uncleeer

ear

eir

air

areeer ear[i?:]ear eir

ere

air are

[e?:]ear:

bear

pear

wear字母y的三種讀音：y作輔音字母時，一般位于詞首，讀作[

j

]：yes

yo-yo

yellowy作元音字母時，有兩種讀音：daddy

sunny

funny

baby

story

glorydictionary

strawberrywhy

shy

fly

cry

try

dry

sky

spy在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞末尾讀作[i]：在單音節(jié)單詞末尾讀作[ai]：C在e、i、y前面讀作[s]：city

cell

nice

ricecost

cup

cut字母c的兩種讀音：C在a、o、u前面讀作[k]：cat

cap字母g的兩種讀音：g在a、o、u前面讀作[g]:

gas

got

goat

gumg在e、i、y前面讀作[d?]:

cage

page

age

orangedigital

gym單詞的拼讀方法和步驟：第一步：找元音，找出單詞中的元音字母或元音字母組合。第二步：找元音前面的輔音或輔音字母組合。第三步：兩音相拼。第四步：把其他的音加進(jìn)去。第五步：對于雙音節(jié)單詞和多音節(jié)單詞，注意重讀和弱讀。same

switch snowman

quickly雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞的音節(jié)劃分方法：一般的原則是：元音和元音前面的輔音構(gòu)成一個音節(jié)。如果兩個元音之間夾有一個輔音或一個輔音字母組合，則該輔音歸后；如果兩個元音之間夾有兩個輔音，則利用就近原則，各屬其一。例如：輔音歸后：

behind

beside

body

clever就近原則：corner

farmer

festival在兩個音節(jié)中，如果有兩個一樣的輔音字母時，只讀一個輔例如：crossing funny

hobby

hurry

letter

littlemiddle

merry

office

rabbit

supper

summer（一）語音變化的歸納方法歸納演繹法對比分類法（二）語音教學(xué)的訓(xùn)練方法直觀教具法游戲練習(xí)法兒歌巧記法說唱練習(xí)法繞口令故事教學(xué)法情景描述法媒體展示法四、自然拼音法在課堂中的應(yīng)用及教學(xué)方法farCan

you

read

？farmer-arfarma

/?/adandhandteaeat

meatteacherfather

mother

brotherfather

mother

brotherwatercatbag

black/?/dadafeetee

/i:/beefmeetsee

feel

deep

seedbee

peel

seem

feedreel

need

week

teemkeep

jeep

feet

beef/?//ei/mcmhcaktpeii-eninericebikekitesixpigbigfivelikenicefine你能拼讀出以下單詞嗎？Try

to

readwin

bit

hid

rid

sitwine

bite

hide

ridesiteiteikeiveineicekkititee

bitelliikkee

bikeffiivvee

divenniinnee

minerriiccee

iceTry

to

read你能根據(jù)i-e的發(fā)音自然拼讀出以下單詞嗎？Mikelivepinenicea

tall

wallc

a

tIt's

a

black

cat.I

have

ten

red

pens

on

my

legs

.單詞拼讀器。大聲讀出你看到的單詞。aektmdhglt大聲讀出你看到的單詞。a單詞拼讀器。mdcfsdpt_al_eg

:

fall六人小組，由組長拼單詞，其他同學(xué)讀出單詞Let’s

try

!我家dad，脾氣bad，讓我sad。有只cat，非常fat，專吃rat。把眼close，用我nose，去聞rose。喝著coke，聽著joke，把腰broke。我的mother,生個brother,想要another.寒冷weather,身披leather,頭戴feather.a-e

a

a

a

aa-e

cakea-e

facei

i

ii-e

fivei-e

ii-e

kiteo-e

o

o

o

oo-e

nose

o-e

Cokeu-e

u

uu-e

cuteu

uu-e

tubeI

can

say

my

A

I

O

U.Draw

a

ballonthe

wall。Draw

a

smallballOn

the

tallwallDrive

acar

to

theparkDrive

asmall

carLet’s

go

to

the

parkTongue

twister(繞口令)Ten

red

pens.Ten

red

pens

in

bed.Ten

red

pens

in

pet

bed.Tips:

你會繞口令嗎？四人一小組，選擇一句來挑戰(zhàn)吧！They

say

they

may

stay

at

therailway

station

and

wait

for

theirneighbour

to

explain

why

it

rainsevery

day.他們說他們可能會呆在火車站，等鄰居來解釋為什么天天下雨。A

good-looking

cook

stood

on

apiece

of

wood

with

his

onefoot,looking

at

a

book

about

hischildhood.一位英俊的廚師單腳站在一截木頭上，看著一本關(guān)于他童年時代的書。Please

look

at

the

card.In

fall,two

talldogs

drive

asmall

carto

a

park,

talkinthe

park

and

play

football.then,they

wantto

walkto

a

farm

arm

in

arm.but

thefarmis

far

from

thepark.

They

see

a

bar

nearthe

park

,so

they

stop

by

atallwall,listento

theguitar

and

enjoy

the

stars.開心閱讀：Two

happydogsHis

name

is

Mike.

He

likes

to

writeand

ride.

One

time,

he

went

to

the

parkby

bike.

He

saw

a

white

kite.

Look,what’s

on

the

kite

,it’s

a

big

numbernine

,it’s

fine

.He

saw

five

mice,too.They

were

looking

for

rice

beside

theice

.They

are

so

nice.

He

helped

the

fivemiceto

eat

therice.i-e

i

[ai]Funny

storycoathomehellonoseboatcoldholeroseroadgoatIt’

s

cold

,

so

I

go

home

for

a

coat

.Butthere

is

a

hole

,

I

askRose

.

Hello

!

Ha!

Ha!There

is

a

rose

in

hernose

.noteMy

name

is

Kate.This

is

my

cat.I

made

a

cake.Thecake

is

on the

plate.Where

is

my

cake?It

ate

the

cake.There

is

a

deer

calledMark.Mark

is

tall

for

his

car.Mark

sees

a

ball

near

the

car.

He

likes

the

ball

and

thestars.The

bike.The

kite.The

bike

is

bright.The

kite

is

white.I’m

going

to

fly