四級聽力教案

四級聽力I.教學(xué)目標(biāo):幫助學(xué)生通過四級考試II. 教學(xué)方法方法技巧,實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練III 四級聽力考試說明:聽力理解局部分值比例為35%:其中聽力對話15%,聽力短文20%.聽力對話局部包括短對話和長對話的理解;聽力短文局部包括選擇題型的短文理解和復(fù)合式聽寫.與原來的四級相比聽力的分值由20%上升到現(xiàn)在的35%，題型也豐富為小對話、長對話、短文章、復(fù)合式聽寫4種。聽力考查將分為3個局部：第一局部由8個小對話和2個長對話組成，每個長對話之后會有3到4道題；第二局部是3篇小文章；第三局部為復(fù)合式聽寫。IV具體方法分析:(1)短對話類題型分析有關(guān)身份，關(guān)系，職業(yè)身份職業(yè)題是四級聽力的?？碱}型，它本質(zhì)上與地點(diǎn)題中給出的表示地點(diǎn)的“特色詞〞這類題型相同，要注意判斷對話所處的場景就可以判斷出說話人的身份職業(yè)。常見提問方式Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?Whatistheman/woman?Whatistheman’sjob/occupation?Whatdoestheman/womando?Whatkindofjobdoestheman/womanhave?Whatmostlikelyistheman/woman?Whoistheman/womanmostlikelyspeakingto?相關(guān)的提示語1.airportstaffandcustomofficersAirlines〔航空公司〕,aircraft〔飛機(jī)，航空班〕,airport〔飛機(jī)場〕,arriveatGate2,anaisle〔走道〕seat,boardingtheplane〔上飛機(jī)〕(boardwithsomeone在某人家寄宿),boardingcard〔登機(jī)證〕,baggageclaimtag〔標(biāo)簽〕,departfrom〔離開〕,flight,land,makeanreservation〔預(yù)訂〕,seatbelt〔平安帶〕,takeoff〔起飛〕,timetable〔時間表〕,windowseat〔窗座〕,etc.MayIhavealookatyourpassport〔護(hù)照〕,sir/madam?Hereistheticket.Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare〔宣布，宣告〕,sir/madam?2.bankclerks〔職員〕andcustomers〔顧客〕《custom習(xí)俗，習(xí)慣》Account賬戶《onnoaccount決不，ofgreataccount很重要》,bankaccount銀行賬戶,banknote鈔票，紙幣,balance,cash,cashacheck,checkingaccount,deposit定金，存儲,draw取出存款,exchange…into…,exchangerate,fillinaform填表,interest利潤,interestrate利率,putin提交,openanaccount開戶,savings儲金,withdraw提取,ect.I’dliketoputin/deposit/withdraw…Iwanttocash兌現(xiàn)thischeck.IwanttochangesomeUSdollarsintoRMB.3.doctors,nursesandpatientsambulance,advice,advise,ache,bloodpressure,bacteria,bruise,burn,coldcough,chill,check-up,cramp,dentist,dental,doctor,disease,dizzy,emergencyroom,examination,flu,fever,feelsick,faint,generalward,infection,injection,in-patientdepartment,insomnia,itch,isolationward,prescription,sorethroat,stomachache,treat,ward,X-rays,etc.What’swrongwithyou?What’sthetroublewithyou?What’sup?MayIhavealookatyour…?Iwillhaveyourtemperaturetaken.You’dbetterhaveaphysicalcheck-up.Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.4.librariansassistant,authorcatalogue,alphabeticalorder,bedue,borrow,book,bookshelf,cardcatalogue,callnumber,circulation,copy,due,fine,indicator,index,latestissue,latestedition,overdue,order,payfines,referencebook,return,renew,subject,up-to-dateinformation,etc.CanIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?MayIborrow…?HowlongcanIkeepit?Youhavetorenewit.Youhavetopayafinefor…5.postofficeclerksanimal,cable,call,collectcall,deliver,dial,envelope,extension,expressmail,fillinforms,installaphone,longdistancecall,mail,mailman,mailservice,post,postage,postman,postoffice,postcode,parcel,package,registeredmail,regularmail,service,stamp,specialdelivery,surfacemail,telephone,telegram,telegraph,yellowpage,zipcode,ect.I’dliketosendaletterto…Whatkindofmail?Howlongdoesittake?Haveyougotthestamps?Excuseme,wherecanIbuytheenvelopes?6.customersandwaitersalcohol,appetite,appetizer,bill,bar,beef,beef,beverage,brandy,bread,cake,cafeteria,chocolatecake,coffee,Coke,course,dessert,goDutch,hamburger,hotdog,hotdrink,juice,jam,maindish,makereservation,maincourse,menu,order,paythebill,pie,pizza,prefer,sandwich,softdrink,steak,sugar,tea,taste,treat,toast,tip,table,wine,whisky,etc.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourgroup?I’dliketositbythewindow.Areyoureadytoorder,sir?MayItakeyourorder,sir?Whatwouldyourecommend?Whatisyourspecialty?Waiter,bringmethebill.policemenandpolicewomendriving,drivinglicense,fine,givesomeoneaticket,speeding,trafficlights,etc.Excuseme,thespeedlimithereis…Youareexceedingthespeedlimit.Youcanpaythefineorreporttothepolicestation.7.studentsandteachersacademic,academicyear,academy,achievement,activity,arts,assignment,bachelor’sdegree,belatefor,canteen,clinic,cafe,campus,credit,club,coffeebar,course,compulsorycourse,computerroom,dictation,deadline,degree,dormitory,essay,exam,examination,experiment,expense,enroll,fail,fee,freshman,graduate,gymnasium,homework,junior,liberalarts,lecture,lecturer,lodging,master’sdegree,optionalcourse,paper,pass,presentation,professor,professionalOpenyourbooksandturntopage…Today’sassignmentis…Sorry,sir,Iforgottotakemyhomework.Themid-termexamismoredifficultthanIexpected.8.customersandshop-assistantsbargain,buy,book,dictionary,discount,edition,magazine,paperback,periodical,regularprice,order,onsale,out-of-print,capsule,dose,digestive,mixture,pill,prescription,powder,sleepingpill,assistant,bargain,buy,case,charge,children’swear,cheap,color,cost,customer,discount,dress,expensive,fashionable,fit,forsale,jeans,outofdate,price,size,sweat,shirt,skirt,etc.WhatcanIdoforyou?CanIhelpyou?Whatsizeareyouin?Whatcolordoyoulike?Howaboutthisone?Youcanpayatthecashier’s.Pleaseshowme…I’dliketohavealookat…Howmuchisit?Doyouhaveabiggerone?I’dliketochangeittoasmallerone.MayItryiton?Hereisthemoney.9.hotelreceptionistbreakfast,bathroom,bookaroom,checkin,checkout,cafe,doubleroom,frontdesk,guest,informationdesk,makeareservation,porter,reception,reserve,register,singleroom,service,serve,starhotel,suit,etc.Welcometoourhotel.Wouldyoufillintheform,please?What’syourname,sir?MayIhavealookatyourpassport,sir?Whatkindofroomdoyoulike?Howmuchisasingleroompernight?Hereisyourkey.Yourroomnumberis…Youcameherethreedaysago,isthatright?出現(xiàn)時間與題號準(zhǔn)確答案關(guān)鍵詞匯1991年6月第3題DoctorandpatientStomach/examine1994年1月第7題PassengerandairhostessTakeoff1995年6月第3題CustomerandrepairmanFixmywatch1997年6月第4題neighborsBorrowyourladderandthanks2003年1月第3題MotherandsonYouforgetyourpromise由于整體難度較低,所以數(shù)量少,而且出現(xiàn)的幾率也在下降.有關(guān)地點(diǎn),場所,背景一般分為三種情況：1〕在對話中提到好幾個地方，然后就其中一個地方提問2〕對話中出現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)不是題目要考的地點(diǎn)，做這一類題目不僅要注意對話中出場的地點(diǎn)，還要在腦海中勾勒出對話的場景，這樣不管是問題問對話中的地點(diǎn)還是問對話發(fā)生在什么地方，就都可以有把握可以做對了3〕對話中沒有提到任何地點(diǎn)，只有一些說明地點(diǎn)“特色詞〞，需要根據(jù)這些詞判斷出地點(diǎn)。相關(guān)的提示語1.airportairlines,airways,aircraft,airportannouncement,arrivaltime,departuretime,flight,non-smokingsection,passenger,passengerload,passengercabin,reserveaticket,takeoff,ticket,timetable,etc.2.bankaccount,banknote,bankclerk,balance,bankreport,cash,cashacheck,deposit,draw,exchange…into…,exchangerate,fixeddeposit,fillinaform,interest,interestrate,putin,openanaccount,savings,savingsaccount,withdraw,etc.3.courtaccuseof,accused,case,chargewith,counselor,crime,criminal,defend,defendant,evidence,jury,judge,question,sentence,serve,trial,witness,etc.4.garageaflattire,battery,brake,emergencybrake,fill,fillupthetank,fuel,gas,gasoline,gallonsofsuper,greasethecar,petrol,petroleum,regular,refill,steeringwheel,super,tank,windscreen,etc.5.hotelbreakfast,bathroom,bookaroom,checkin,checkout,cafe,doubleroom,frontdesk,guest,informationdesk,laundry,makeareservation,porter,reception,reserve,register,singleroom,service,serve,starhotel,suit,vacant,etc.6.shopbookshopbargain,buy,book,bookshelf,dictionary,discount,edition,magazine,paperback,periodical,regularprice,orderonsale,out-of-print,oldedition,etc.7.drugshopantibiotic,aspirin,capsule,dose,digestive,mixture,pill,pharmacy,prescription,powder,sleepingpill,etc.8.fashionshopassistant,bargain,buy,case,change,children’swear,cheep,color,cost,customer,dear,discount,dress,expensive,fashion,fashionable,fit,forsale,jeans,outofdate,size,sweat,shirt,suit,tip,tag,try,etc.9.shoeshopassistant,bargain,buy,case,change,children’sshoes,cheap,color,cost,customer,dear,expensive,discount,fit,forsale,high-heel,leather,platform,price,size,slipper,shoe,tip,tag,try,etc.10.stationbusstationbus,conductor,come,driver,destination,geton,getoff,late,ontime,intime,roadsign,terminal,ticket,wait,etc.11.railwaystationannouncement,carriage,driver,expresstrain,fasttrain,highspeed,late,ontime,passenger,passengerload,pullout,pullin,platform,schedule,sleepingcar,timetable,etc.出現(xiàn)時間與題號準(zhǔn)確答案關(guān)鍵詞匯1993年6月第6題Grocery’sAbottleofmilkandaloafofbread1996年1月第1題AthisofficeGiveyouhisofficenumber1997年1月第3題InthehotelRoomservice1998年6月第10題OnthetrainWhenyougobytrain2001年1月第2題InagalleryOilpainting2002年6月第9題Atanewspaperofficeadvertising2003年6月第1題AtarestaurantEatoutside2003年9月第3題AtabookstoreOutofprint2004年1月第4題Atanairportgate2005年12月第6題AtabookstoreOutofstock2006年6月第15題restaurantSteak,order有關(guān)生活，活動，交際常見提問方式Whatdidtheman/womando?Whatwilltheman/womanmostprobablydo?Whataretheygoingtodonext?Whatistheman/womandoing?Whathastheman/womanbeendoing?Whatdoestheman/womansayhe/sheisgoingtodo?Whatdoesthemanlikeordisliketodo?Whatdowelearnabouttheman/woman?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?Whatdoweknowfromtheconversation?Whataretheytalkingabout?有關(guān)時間，價(jià)格，數(shù)量數(shù)量價(jià)格類的題目必須將聽到的數(shù)字做簡單的記錄,而且聽到的數(shù)字多數(shù)情況之下不是準(zhǔn)確答案.時間類的考題分為時間細(xì)節(jié)題和時間運(yùn)算類.1〕數(shù)的讀法：236，1200，2，425，9122〕日期年代的讀法1949年10月1日，119A.D，1960’S，21C每天〔daily〕，每周(weekly)，每月(monthly)，每季(quarterly)，每年(yearly)3)“每幾…〞用every開頭；“每隔…〞用everyother開頭4〕與價(jià)格有關(guān)的數(shù)字表達(dá)A)美元單位：元dollar角dime分cent5美分nickel,25美分quarterB〕商品打折讀法：7折：ata70%discount或30%off5)倍數(shù)以及分?jǐn)?shù)兩倍：twice三倍:threetimes增加兩倍：double增加三倍:triple?ahalf/oneandahalf6)與數(shù)字有關(guān)的常用表達(dá)一對：couple一打：dozen天天：eachday/daybyday/fromdaytoday兩周：fortnight幾天前：afewdaysago/theotherdays7)其他：A〕注意“十幾〞和“幾十”B〕根據(jù)內(nèi)容做簡單的加減乘除運(yùn)算，記下數(shù)字心算即可常見提問方式Whattimeisnow?Whattimedoesitbegin?Whendoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?Howoftendoestheman/woman...?Whendoesthetrain/planeleavefor...?Whendidthemeetingstart?Howlongdoesittaketo...?Howmanyminuteswastheman/womanlatefor?Howmuchisit?Howmuchdoesitcost?Howmuchdoestheman/womanhavetopayforthe...?Howmuchdoesthemanowethewoman?Howmanycourses/lessonsdoestheman/womantake?相關(guān)的提示語time9o’clock.9sharp,9thirty,aquarterto9,aquarterpast9,schedule,dueto,onceaweek,thedayaftertomorrow,date,next,thedaybeforeyesterday,theprevious,etc.priceYuan,RMB,dollars,howmuch,cheap,expensive,dear,toomuch,cost,price,bargain,discount,cutdown,etc.quantityhowmuch,asmanyas...,morethan,nomorethan,only,double,dozen,etc.有關(guān)前因，后果，邏輯常見提問方式Whydidtheman/woman...?Whycan’ttheman/woman...?Whywastheman/woman...?Whatcausedtheman/womanto...?Whatmadetheman/woman...?Whatdowelearnabouttheman/woman?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?相關(guān)的提示語reasonbecause,as,since,for,becauseof,thanksto,dueto,owingto,asaresultof,resultfrom,by,from,cause,factor,nowthat,inthat,etc.resultso,therefore,hence,thus,consequently,that,so...that...,sothat,cause,leadto,attribute,contributeto,giveriseto,beresponsibleto,resultin,asaresult,onaccountfor,etc.有關(guān)講話人意見，建議，態(tài)度這類題目在聽力考試中是比擬簡單的題目，因?yàn)橛⒄Z在“建議〞，“請求〞和“提議〞方面一般有固定的表達(dá)方式，而且答復(fù)的方式也很簡單，要么“接受〞，“同意〞，要么“拒絕〞。下面是一些句型供大家參考：1〕表示建議的句型：Youmightaswell…IfIwereyou,…Maybeyoushould…Shallwe…?Perhapsweshould…Whynot…?Let’s…Whydon’tyou/we…?You’dbetter…You’vegotto…You’llhaveto…2)表示請求的句型Iwonderif…?Couldyoudomeafavor…Wouldyoumind…?Would(Will)youplease…?Could(Can)you…?Howabout…?3)表示提議的句型ShallI…?CanI…?Wouldyoulike…?Doyouwantmeto…?Howabout…?eg.Howaboutsendingthisletterforme?(請求)Howaboutlettingmecarryyourluggage?〔提議〕表示接受，同意的句型Thankyou.I’dlike(love)to,tanks.OK,please.It’sveryniceofyoudoingso.表示拒絕的句型No,it’sallright.I’dbegrateful,but…Sorry,Ican’t.No,Idon’tthinkitnecessary.常見提問方式Howdidtheman/womanrespondtothe...?Whatdoestheman/womanthinkof...?Whatdoestheman/womansayabout...?Whatdoestheman/womanmean?Whatdoestheman/womansuggest?Whatdoestheman/womantell...todo?Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeimpliedfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeconductedfromtheconversation?相關(guān)的提示語impossible,hardly,seldom,can’tagreemore,unusually,notnecessarily,noneedto,besure,becertain,notatall,outofthequestionIthinkIamafraid...AsIseeit,...Youcan...Youmightaswell...Shallwe...?Whybother...?Howabout...?Whynot...?有關(guān)語法工程常見提問方式Whathappenedtotheman/woman?What’stheman’s/woman’sproblem?What’swrongwiththeman/woman?Whatwilltheman/womanmostprobablydo?Whatdoestheman/womanmean?Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?Whatdoweknowabouttheman/woman?Whatdoestheman/womansayabout?Whatdoesman/womansayabout?Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeimpliedfromtheconversation?Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheconversation?(2)長對話題型分析有關(guān)工作，運(yùn)動，生活有關(guān)工作，運(yùn)動和生活的對話理解是聽力對話中常見的題型。這些場景常常涉及租房，應(yīng)聘，同學(xué)聚會，家庭旅游等。這種題型要求同學(xué)們從各個問題間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提煉出中心思想,排除錯誤選項(xiàng),根據(jù)對話的開展預(yù)測和選出正確的選項(xiàng).常見提問方式whatdoestheman/womanwanttodo?whatkindofjobs/sportsdoesthemanprefer?when/wheredidtheconversationtakeplace?whoarethetwospeakers?相關(guān)提示語workaccept,arrange,boring,complain,experience,important,interview,interestingjob,manager,offer,office,promote,resume,etc.applicationform,applyfor,bethroughwith,businesstrip,extrahours,gainsandlosses,giveimpression,letterapplication,makeadecision,maketheeffort,outofwork,staylate,thenextitem,typeletters,workovertime,etc.sportbasketball,beat,boating,boxing,cancel,exercise,football,game,good,partner,postpone,racing,skating,skiing,sport,swimming,tennis,volleyball,walk,win,etc.Ping-Pong,tennis,sportsequipment,etc.lifeappetizing,apartment,available,balcony,bath,book,bread,cheap,coffee,delicious,dinner,dirty,egg,expensive,fish,food,full,furnish,furniture,heater,horrible,hungry,ice-cream,kitchen,messy,neat,noisy,order,potato,quiet,refrigerator,restaurant,rice,salad,seasoning,soup,starve,treat,vegetable,water,waiter,waitress,etc.acupofcoffee,applepie,arealbargain,bananapie,beondiet,downtownarea,eatout,fastfood,friedfood,getawayfromallthenoise,lowprice,makethereservation,moveinto,saveonexpenses,schooldininghall,singleroom,etc.有關(guān)教育,科學(xué),文化常見提問方式Howmanylessonsmusttheman/womanreviewovertheweekend?Whatdoestheman/womanmean?Whatdoestheman/womanthinkofhis/herlessons?WhatmostprobablyisMary?相關(guān)的提示語educationassignment,article,biology,briefing,chapter,correct,course,credit,essay,experiment,fail,improve,instructor,paper,paragraph,pass,present,presentation,professor,registration,revise,rewrite,scholar,score,semester,term,test,type,tutor,etc.acopyof,afullmark,bethroughwith,bringsb.Uptodate,callon,classpermit,drawnear,finalexam,literatureclass,hearfrom,matchexam,midtermexam,makeinquiry,makeprogress,opticalcourse,qualitypaper,readingassignment,researchreport,readsth.Through,stayup,takenotes,typingerror,etc.2.scienceandcultureaccomplish,accelerate,acid,achievement,accuracy,ad.Air,analyze,circuit,classify,destiny,design,diagram,stuff,iron,measure,program,process,skill,survey,education.有關(guān)娛樂,休閑,購物常見提問方式Whatcanwelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?Wheredoesthewomanlive/work?Whydidthemangoto…?相關(guān)提示語cinemaappreciate,audience,cinema,concert,crowded,dance,dramatic,film,movie,music,performance,,seat,show,start,ticket,etc.alongtime,backseat,real-lifedrama,romanticstories,etc.Istheseatallright?shoppingbargain,blouse,buy,clerk,colour,department,discount,dress,jacket,jean,model,rob,sell,shop,size,store,style,T-shirt,etc.forfree,goshopping,onsale,outofstock,shopassistant,etc.telecommunicationcall,change,coin,message,operator,rate,receiveretc.answerthecall,callback,cellphone,dialthenumber,get/make/putthrough,hangup,holdon,holdtheline,longdistancecall,makeacallonthephone,mobilephone,officephonenumber,phonebook,returnthecall,speakto,take/leaveamessage,etc.Isthat….?It….there?MayIspeakto…?Thereisno…h(huán)ere.Thisis…speaking.trafficaccident,airport,bicycle,car,damage,danger,delay,fix,flight,garage,gate,hurt,kill,repair,seat,ship,shock,sign,taxi,etc.airticket,bookup,breakdown,can’taffordacar,check-incounter,drunkdriver,drunkdriving,flattyre,flyover,givesb.aride,leavefor,mechanicalproblem,morningflight,onthetrain,ontheplane,one-waystreet,rideabike,second-handedautomobile,takeacrowedbus,usedcar,etc.medicinebloodpressure,cold,fever,flu,headache,hurt,injection,injury,medicine,operation,pill,serious,stomach-ache,surgery,tablet,temperature,toothache,X-rays,etc.bewithapatient,feeltired,getworseandworse,makeanappointment,seethedoctor,twistankle,wearout,etc.MayItakeyourtemperature?WhatcanIdoforyou?What’sthematterwithyou?vacationbook,Christmas,holiday,eastern,reserve,tour,travel,view,visit,etc.gototheseaside,lookforwardto,theSpringFestival,travelagent,etc.weatherbright,clear,climate,cloudy,cold,downpour,fine,fog,foggy,forecast,hot,lightening,mild,nice,shower,snow,snowy,sunny,sunshine,temperature,thunder,thunderstorm,weather,wet,wind,windy,worst,etc.getworse,strongwinds,suchaseverewinter,etc.(3)短文類題型分析歷史上將近80多篇文章在類型上非常明顯,總體來說出現(xiàn)頻率最高的是故事,說明文和科技型文章.具有情節(jié)性的記敘文具有情節(jié)性的記敘文歷來是比擬常見的大學(xué)英語四級考試聽力短文局部體裁形式.受到篇幅的限制,這局部的考題不可能出現(xiàn)大篇幅的論述文,因此簡短的小故事經(jīng)常被用當(dāng)作考題.根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看,一般來說這種短文趣味性會更強(qiáng),情節(jié)不會很復(fù)雜.因此在做這種體裁時,要特別注意聽出文章中的人物,各自發(fā)生的事情或所做過的事情—根據(jù)預(yù)讀四個選項(xiàng)預(yù)測出聽完全文后會出現(xiàn)和什么細(xì)節(jié)有關(guān)的問題,因此在整個聽力過程中要格外注意有關(guān)這些細(xì)節(jié)的內(nèi)容并簡單扼要地記錄下幾個重點(diǎn)的詞匯(甚至是一些字母等)以便在完成聽力后進(jìn)行選擇時能夠找到一些參考依據(jù).經(jīng)典特征:情節(jié)虛構(gòu)(也可能真實(shí)),有人物的參與,有時會出現(xiàn)對話,有情節(jié)的開展,有高潮和結(jié)尾.主要考點(diǎn):1)結(jié)尾考點(diǎn):上述代表性的故事全部都有一個奇妙的,搞笑的或是出人意料的結(jié)尾.一般說來,故事型聽力文章在結(jié)尾處的精妙設(shè)計(jì)都會安排一個題目. 2)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系考點(diǎn):這實(shí)際上是一個通用考點(diǎn),but,however,unexpectedly,unfortunately,surprisingly等單詞都會在故事型文章中出現(xiàn).3)對話考點(diǎn):在故事型文雜貨能夠中,對話是特有的,一般可以根據(jù)語調(diào)來判斷說話者的態(tài)度.平調(diào)表示陳述,降調(diào)表示強(qiáng)調(diào),升調(diào)表示疑問和否認(rèn).技巧:有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的考生在經(jīng)過認(rèn)真讀題,審題后就會預(yù)測出將要聽的文章的大致情節(jié),甚至在進(jìn)行聽力時在每題答案即將出現(xiàn)時會有感覺.一般來說,做這類題目時所給的選擇題的出現(xiàn)順序應(yīng)和題目出現(xiàn)順序根本上時相同的.換句話說,考生只要按照順序聽就可以.由于每道題目要有一定的間隔,而且聽力短文局部的篇幅又不可能過長,所以就很容易地判斷出三道題的大致位置:短文開頭前一,兩句話中會出現(xiàn)一道選擇題的答案,情節(jié)過程中會出現(xiàn)一道選擇題的答案(一般是比擬有戲劇性或讓人感到意外的情節(jié)局部),結(jié)尾或結(jié)局局部會出現(xiàn)一道題目答案.具有科普性的說明文具有科普性的說明文往往是對某件事務(wù),現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋,說明,描寫的短文(如地震,科學(xué)創(chuàng)造等某一自然現(xiàn)象或景觀),有時候這一局部還會出現(xiàn)有關(guān)現(xiàn)代生活中人們普遍關(guān)心的話題(如犯罪,環(huán)境保護(hù)等某一社會現(xiàn)象或問題).由于這局部的知識性明顯要強(qiáng)于故事性的記敘文,因此考生在聽這一局部考題時要特別注意對重要信息的捕獲,對說話人態(tài)度的體會,對某一句關(guān)鍵句的理解以及對一些重要的信息(如數(shù)字等)的判斷,除此外考生要具備在很短時間內(nèi)對所聽到的信息進(jìn)行綜合,分析,歸納及區(qū)分的能力.常見題型:1.主旨大意題:考查考生對全文中心大意的掌握,對全文所表達(dá)出的內(nèi)容的理解.其重點(diǎn)是對全文中心的理解,而一篇短文的中心大意通常是出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭局部.所以只要考生在短文朗讀正式開始時格外留意第一句的內(nèi)涵就可以很快把握住全文的主旨大意.偶爾也會出現(xiàn)這種情況,第一句沒給出全文主旨大意,不要慌.因?yàn)橛袝r候出題人成心把全文主旨大意隱藏在文章中考查考生體察全文中心大意的能力.如果這樣,考生要注意聽短文時出現(xiàn)頻率最高詞匯是哪一個,也可根據(jù)這個或這些重點(diǎn)詞匯判斷出文章主旨大意.經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的提問方式如下:(1)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(2)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(3)Whatdowelearnf