江蘇專用2024-2025學年高中英語Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld核心素養(yǎng)拓展練含解析牛津譯林版選修6

PAGEPAGE1Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld核心素養(yǎng)拓展練素養(yǎng)解讀2025版《一般中學課程標準》首次提出“學科核心素養(yǎng)”。英語學科核心素養(yǎng)由語言實力、文化意識、思維品質(zhì)和學習實力構(gòu)成。隨之而來，以后的英語考試將更加堅持實力立意，突出核心素養(yǎng)的考查。下面文段就是圍繞“思維品質(zhì)”這一學科素養(yǎng)綻開，講解并描述了科學家最近的探討發(fā)覺當植物受到攻擊時，它們會釋放出化學物質(zhì)來愛護自己并通知四周的植物。此篇旨在培育考生樹立生態(tài)意識，酷愛并敬重自然，學會與自然和諧相處；愛護環(huán)境，節(jié)約資源，實行綠色生活方式；具備可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念和行動等。主題：愛護環(huán)境學科素養(yǎng)：思維品質(zhì)(2024·全國Ⅱ)Whenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn’tsitquietly.Backin1983，twoscientists，JackSchultzandIanBaldwin，reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds，VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive，thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy，itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches，andso，ineffect，wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged，butitwasn’tatrue，intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin，over150yearsago，imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate(密切的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了植物受到攻擊時會釋放出某種化學物質(zhì)來愛護自己并“告知”旁邊的植物。1．Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?A．Itmakesnoises.B．Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C．Itstandsquietly.D．Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.答案D解析細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“...reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.”可知，植物受到損害時會散發(fā)出一種特別的氣味，而這種特別的氣味就是某些化學物質(zhì)。故選D項。2．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inParagraph3?A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.答案A解析句意理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.”(它們散發(fā)出氣味意在吸引不同的昆蟲，這些昆蟲是攻擊者的天敵)，以及畫線部分后的“Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.”(正在吃午餐的攻擊者現(xiàn)在就變成了午餐)可知，畫線部分的意思是：攻擊者受到了它的天敵的攻擊。故選A項。3．Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.A．predictnaturaldisastersB．protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC．talktooneanotherintentionallyD．helptheirneighborswhennecessary答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.”和“Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.”可知，植物能愛護自己免受昆蟲的損害。故選B項。4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B．Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C．Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.D．PeopleinDarwin’stimeweremoreimaginative.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段可知，達爾文設(shè)想了一個遠比現(xiàn)實世界更繁忙、更喧囂和更密切的世界，而我們的感官卻特別弱，我們還有很長的路要走。由此可知，世界好像比它看上去的樣子更困難。故選C項。NotesⅠ.障礙詞匯1．a(chǎn)ttackn．&v．進攻；攻擊2．a(chǎn)pparentlyadv.明顯地；自不待言地3．insectn．昆蟲4．overhearvt.偷聽；偶然聽到Ⅱ.長難句分析Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant，buttheneighbors，relativelyspeaking，staysaferbecausetheyheardt