中考英語(yǔ)命題研究第二部分語(yǔ)法專題突破篇專題七形容詞和副詞第一節(jié)形容詞和副詞辨析習(xí)題.docx

專題七 形容詞和副詞第一節(jié) 形容詞和副詞辨析,河北中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì) 考綱要求1.形容詞(包括比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)) 2.副詞(包括比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))考查點(diǎn)年份題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置分值形容詞詞義辨析201631sweet/lucky/strange/funny1分201530thankful/careful/useful/helpful1分41heavy/full/much/long1分78asleep(單詞拼寫)1分201431cute/strong/fast/straight1分47bored/tired/pleased/surprised1分54little/good/great/bad1分201347good/bad/rich/poor1分201233shy/friendly/crazy/healthy1分49sorry/active/lucky/nervous1分形容詞副詞混合辨析201342quick/quickly/useful/usefully1分201242bad/badly/clear/clearly1分副詞詞義辨析201533mainly/really/possibly/hardly1分201451weakly/quickly/slowly/quietly1分201352usually/ever/sometimes/never1分51often/ever/seldom/never1分形容詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)換201678easyeasily1分201577safesafely1分201483politepolitely1分 河北中考單項(xiàng)選擇對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查主要集中在對(duì)詞義辨析及比較等級(jí)的考查上。對(duì)詞義辨析的考查側(cè)重形容詞詞義的辨析，且側(cè)重在語(yǔ)境中的應(yīng)用。對(duì)形容詞與副詞混合辨析的選項(xiàng)設(shè)置都是同根的形容詞和副詞，如bad與badly，quick與quickly，hard與hardly等。題目設(shè)置均為簡(jiǎn)單句，多為兩個(gè)單句，詞數(shù)一般為1013。另外，完形填空也側(cè)重形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析，且近三年側(cè)重一組形容詞詞義辨析和一組頻度副詞詞義辨析，側(cè)重對(duì)上下文的理解及語(yǔ)境的判斷。詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用則偏向形容詞或副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。預(yù)測(cè)2017年河北中考的單項(xiàng)選擇必定考查一道形容詞或副詞詞義辨析。詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用對(duì)此的考查可能性不大，學(xué)生必須注意區(qū)分同根形容詞與其ly結(jié)尾詞的意義區(qū)分，如：bad與badly，clear與clearly等。,河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破【滿分點(diǎn)撥】一、形容詞的用法及位置說(shuō)明人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞的詞叫形容詞。1作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞之前，復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.這個(gè)漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告訴你。注意：有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)，如alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。2作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起來(lái)很開心。3作賓補(bǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后，常與make，leave，keep等動(dòng)詞連用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必須閉上眼睛。二、某些形容詞說(shuō)明事物間的關(guān)系，如方位、時(shí)間、用途等，沒(méi)有比較級(jí)的變化，如the same，different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一樣。三、副詞的作用、構(gòu)成、分類和位置1副詞的作用副詞是表示行為特征或性狀特征的詞。主要以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句。在句中主要用作狀語(yǔ)。如：Sometimes were very busy.2副詞的構(gòu)成 構(gòu)成例詞與形容詞同形low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容詞后直接加lysadsadly；politepolitely輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞改y為i再加lyhappyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily輔音字母加le結(jié)尾時(shí)，去e加ysimplesimply；gentlegently；terribleterribly少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加lytruetruly；dueduly 注意：(1)有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而非副詞。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。(2)有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加ly，意義有區(qū)別。常見(jiàn)的有： closeadj./adv.靠近c(diǎn)loselyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高h(yuǎn)ighlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免費(fèi)freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚，遲latelyadv.近來(lái)deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻/深入地nearadj./adv.鄰近nearlyadv.幾乎/將近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.幾乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.寬闊widelyadv.廣泛地 3.副詞的分類和位置 分類位置例詞時(shí)間副詞一般放在句尾now現(xiàn)在then那時(shí)today今天tomorrow明天yesterday昨天before前面ago之前soon很快once曾經(jīng)，以前at first首先at last最后just now剛才at once立刻，馬上頻度副詞行為動(dòng)詞之前或助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及be動(dòng)詞之后twice兩次daily天天，常常weekly每周，每周一次every day每天every week每周every month每月always總是，經(jīng)常usually經(jīng)常often經(jīng)常，常常sometimes有時(shí)ever曾經(jīng)never從來(lái)不地點(diǎn)副詞一般放在句尾here這兒there那兒upstairs樓上downstairs樓下above上邊behind后邊everywhere每個(gè)地方anywhere任何地方方式副詞放在不及物動(dòng)詞之后或及物動(dòng)詞之前well好地，優(yōu)質(zhì)地badly壞地，劣質(zhì)地fast快速地hard難地；努力地happily快樂(lè)地loudly大聲地luckily幸運(yùn)地politely禮貌地quickly快速地really真正地safely安全地slowly緩慢地程度副詞被修飾的形容詞或副詞前，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后。enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)須后置quite相當(dāng)，完全，十分 rather相當(dāng)，頗，有點(diǎn) very非常 much許多 a lot許多 a little一點(diǎn)，一些 a bit少量 enough足夠 hardly幾乎不 almost大多數(shù)疑問(wèn)副詞通常置于句首疑問(wèn)副詞有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑問(wèn)副詞常用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。關(guān)系副詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，放在句中關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why，how等，關(guān)系副詞常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。四、形容詞和副詞辨析1形容詞詞義辨析 近幾年河北中考對(duì)形容詞詞義辨析的考查為必考點(diǎn)。在單項(xiàng)選擇部分是偶考點(diǎn)。有時(shí)會(huì)涉及對(duì)某一類形容詞詞義辨析的考查，如性格描述類。在完形填空部分是必考點(diǎn)，越來(lái)越注重在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下詞義的區(qū)別，解答此類試題要知道不同的形容詞所表達(dá)的具體含義。2副詞詞義辨析河北中考近5年單項(xiàng)選擇中并沒(méi)有考查副詞詞義辨析，但是完形填空中會(huì)涉及一道副詞詞義辨析的試題，且偏向頻度副詞的考查。所以學(xué)生要重點(diǎn)掌握常見(jiàn)副詞的詞義和用法。3形容詞和副詞混合辨析 河北中考中有很多形容詞和副詞形式相近的詞。此類混合考法是河北中考試題的亮點(diǎn)。下面將這類最常見(jiàn)的形容詞與副詞加以歸納，以幫助學(xué)生區(qū)別它們的不同含義與用法，并能在實(shí)踐中靈活地加以運(yùn)用。(1)easy adj.容易的easily adv.容易地，輕松地如：Its easy to finish this task.完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)很容易。That can be done easily.那很容易辦到。(2)slow adj.慢的slowly adv.緩慢地，慢吞吞地如：Business was rather slow last month.上個(gè)月生意不太景氣。He slowly walked up the path.He walked up the path slowly.Slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(3)clear adj.清楚的，明白的，清晰的clearly adv.清楚地，明白地，清晰地如：The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.這本書很清晰，我很容易理解。He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.他說(shuō)得很清楚，我可以聽(tīng)到每一個(gè)字。(4)close adj.緊密的，親密的，親近的closely adv.緊密地，仔細(xì)地，細(xì)心地如：Lily and I are close friends.我和莉莉是知己。The little baby was closely looked after by her.這個(gè)小嬰兒被她細(xì)心照料著。(5)hard adj.堅(jiān)硬的，難的hardly adv.幾乎不如：Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.湯姆認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很難。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，對(duì)吧？(6)most adj.最多的，大多數(shù)的mostly adv.主要地，大部分，在大多數(shù)場(chǎng)合如：Most of us agreed his plan.我們大多數(shù)人都同意他的計(jì)劃。You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要聽(tīng)和閱讀。(7)near adj.近的，親密的nearly adv.幾乎，差不多如：My home is near to school.我家離學(xué)校很近。You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你將幾乎半生投入到你的工作中。(8)quick adj.快的，急速的quickly adv.快地，急速地如：Be quick，or we will be late.快點(diǎn)，要不然我們就遲到了。You must resolve the situation quickly.你必須快速解決這種局面。(9)useful adj.有用的，有益的，有幫助的usefully adv.有用地，有效地如：There is something useful.I hope it can help you.這兒有一些有用的東西，我希望它可以幫助到你。The money can be used usefully to help him.這筆錢用來(lái)幫助他會(huì)非常有價(jià)值。(10)bad adj.壞的，不好的，嚴(yán)重的badly adv.不好地，很大程度上如：I think it is a very bad article.我認(rèn)為那是一篇低劣的文章。The whole project was badly managed.整個(gè)項(xiàng)目管理不善。(11)careful adj.仔細(xì)的，小心的carefully adv.仔細(xì)地，小心地如：Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中沒(méi)有任何錯(cuò)誤。He put glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】一、單項(xiàng)選擇( B )1.(2016邯鄲二模)Tom，you mustnt swim in the river.Its too _Asafe BdangerousCcareful Deasy( A )2.(2016邯鄲二模)The teacher raised his voice so that we could hear him _Aclearly BquietlyCslowly Dquickly( D )3.(2016路北區(qū)9年級(jí)二模)David told me _ that he didnt catch the early bus this morning.Apossibly BheavilyCluckily Dsadly( A )4.(2016張家口二模)The robot wont give the book to you until you speak to him _Apolitely BrudelyCsadly Dquickly( C )5.(2016石家莊新華區(qū)模擬)We want _ competitions.Aearly BuglyCfriendly Dlonely( C )6.(2016石家莊新華區(qū)模擬)My English teacher is strict and kind.I cannot _ forget her.Apatiently BluckilyCpossibly Dhardly( D )7.(2016海港區(qū)升學(xué)一模)I have never met a foreigner who speaks such _ Chinese.You should know he practices it every day.Aexciting BsimpleCboring Dperfect( C )8.(2016路南區(qū)九年級(jí)二模)Its _ to read the map before you travel to a new place.Aharmful BpowerfulChelpful Dawful(威嚴(yán)的)( C )9.(2016河北升學(xué)三模)Work _ and you will do it very well.Acareful BcarelessCcarefully Dcarelessly( A )10.(2016河北升學(xué)一模)After traveling a long journey，Mr.and Mrs.Green arrived home _Asafely BhardlyCquickly Dsuddenly二、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用11(2016河北二模)I was really mad_ at you.12(2016河北二模)Later，I didnt sleep _well_(good)13(2016邯鄲二模)We may feel sad_ if we lose an important game.14(2016邯鄲二模)Finally_ our teacher helped us to put the things together.15(2016路北區(qū)九年級(jí)二模)What should I do if my answer is wrong_？16(2016石家莊新華區(qū)模擬)She makes me smile even when Im upset and laughs at _funny_(fun) things I say.17(2016石家莊42中模擬)You need to check _carefully_(care) for spelling mistakes after writing.18(2016石家莊42中模擬)Our English teacher is very _strict_(嚴(yán)格的) with us. ( B )4.(2016連云港中考)Are you a fan of the science TV show Super Brain?Yes，Im always_by these peoples great brain power.Atired BamazedCbored Dsatisfied( B )5.(2016綏化中考改編)My little brother is very_，so he often makes mistakes.Acareful BcarelessCcare Dhard( C )6.(2016漳州中考改編)David felt_because he was not able to get a ticket to the concert.Amoved BexcitedCdisappointed Dhappy( B )7.(2016包頭中考)John is such a(n)_man that we can always believe him.Afriendly BhonestCcareless Dfoolish( C )8.(2016昆明中考)In order to have more tourists to Yunnan，we need to come up with more_ideas.Aawful Bmeaningless Ccreative Dembarrassing( C )9.(2016安徽中考)Dont hurry him.You will just have to be_and wait until he finishes the work.Aactive BcarefulCpatient Dfamous( D )10.(2016濟(jì)南中考)Xian is a very old city.Sure.It has a_history.Abig BsmallCshort Dlong( D )11.(2016青島中考)I like hiking in the forest because the air is pretty_Afree BdirtyCpolluted Dfresh( B )12.(2016江西中考)He won in the story competition and his parents were very_.Asmart BproudCsorry Dupset( D )13.(2016南京中考)My sister is still very_with me because I broke her new pencil box yesterday.Apopular Bsati